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对一台基于ADN基液体推进剂的无毒空间发动机进行了试验研究。通过三维PDA(Phase Doppler Anemometry)综合测量系统,获得了发动机喷注器的雾化性能,得到了喷注器雾化液滴空间上的双分支分布以及液滴尺寸上的双峰状分布;通过高空模拟热试车试验,对于发动机的稳态、脉冲工作性能、工作过程中包含的催化分解及燃烧反应特性有了深入理解,研究了发动机启动时燃烧室内的建压和温度抬升过程,揭示了ADN基发动机在点火过程中体现出的点火延迟特性。 相似文献
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硝酸羟胺基(简称HAN)推进剂要比肼类推进剂稳定,将相同质量的HAN基推进剂完全分解,HAN基推进剂所需的时间要比肼推进剂要长。为了增大推进剂与催化剂的初始接触面积,使推进剂在催化床内均匀分布,开展了发动机喷注器的均匀分配方式研究。通过采用VOF模型对新型喷注器结构的喷注过程和雾化效果进行数值仿真研究,为喷注器结构优化提供理论支持。同时通过三维PDA(Phase Doppler Anemometry)测量系统,获得了两种喷注器结构雾化液滴空间上的密度分布、直径大小以及轴向速度等对比情况。最后,通过地面热试车试验,对两种喷注器结构的发动机在脉冲温启动、稳态工作性能及燃烧反应特性等方面进行了对比,带喷注芯体的喷注器结构在开机响应特性和燃烧性能方面都更好。 相似文献
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硝酸羟胺基(简称HAN)推进剂要比肼类推进剂稳定,将相同质量的HAN基推进剂完全分解,HAN基推进剂所需的时间要比肼推进剂要长。为了增大推进剂与催化剂的初始接触面积,使推进剂在催化床内均匀分布,开展了发动机喷注器的均匀分配方式研究。通过采用VOF模型对新型喷注器结构的喷注过程和雾化效果进行数值仿真研究,为喷注器结构优化提供理论支持。同时通过三维PDA(Phase Doppler Anemometry)测量系统,获得了两种喷注器结构雾化液滴空间上的密度分布、直径大小以及轴向速度等对比情况。最后,通过地面热试车试验,对两种喷注器结构的发动机在脉冲温启动、稳态工作性能及燃烧反应特性等方面进行了对比,带喷注芯体的喷注器结构在开机响应特性和燃烧性能方面都更好。 相似文献
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为了使液态燃料在脉冲爆震火箭发动机爆震室内形成雾化均匀的小液滴,并且与气态氧化剂掺混后形成空间分布均匀的混合气,设计了适用于脉冲爆震火箭发动机的气液同轴剪切式喷注器。实验研究了三种喷注器结构对脉冲爆震发动机工作过程的影响,结果表明,采用同轴剪切式喷注器的脉冲爆震发动机在20Hz能够产生稳定、连续和充分发展的爆震波。实验中发现,在同时满足雾化良好以及爆震室填充均匀的条件下,喷注器的出气口存在一个最佳面积,实验研究中喷注器出气口的最佳直径在12mm左右。 相似文献
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对侧向互击型层板喷注单元的喷雾特性进行了试验研究。利用PDA测量了喷雾场下游典型截面上各点的液滴速度、直径、体积通量等参数。分析了喷注单元的雾化过程和喷雾特点,同时研究了混合比和喷注单元的结构参数流道截面积比、喷口宽度的影响。实验结果表明,混合比的提高有利于雾化和喷雾分布;喷注器的结构参数对雾化质量、液雾的空间分布特性具有重要影响。在喷口槽宽合适时,存在最佳的流道截面比,有利于改善雾化。对于一定的流道截面比和混合比,存在最佳的喷口尺寸使雾化质量和喷雾分布最优。结果表明,对于侧向互击型层板喷注器,通过合理的选结构参数,能够控制推进剂的雾化、空间分布和混合,实现所需要的喷雾分布。 相似文献
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研究了ICP-AES法测定纯铜中的Bi,Sb,As,Fe,Ni,Pb,Sn,Zn和Ag等9个元素的分析方法.进行了基体元素铜对9个分析元素的光谱干扰研究,选择了合适的分析谱线,同时测定了分析方法的检出限. 相似文献
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Dale P. Cruikshank 《Space Science Reviews》2005,116(1-2):421-439
The diverse populations of icy bodies of the outer Solar System (OSS) give critical information on the composition and structure
of the solar nebula and the early phases of planet formation. The two principal repositories of icy bodies are the Kuiper
belt or disk, and the Oort Cloud, both of which are the source regions of the comets. Nearly 1000 individual Kuiper belt objects
have been discovered; their dynamical distribution is a clue to the early outward migration and gravitational scattering power
of Neptune. Pluto is perhaps the largest Kuiper belt object. Pluto is distinguished by its large satellite, a variable atmosphere,
and a surface composed of several ices and probable organic solid materials that give it color. Triton is probably a former
member of the Kuiper belt population, suggested by its retrograde orbit as a satellite of Neptune. Like Pluto, Triton has
a variable atmosphere, compositionally diverse icy surface, and an organic atmospheric haze. Centaur objects appear to come
from the Kuiper belt and occupy temporary orbits in the planetary zone; the compositional similarity of one well studied Centaur
(5145 Pholus) to comets is notable. New discoveries continue apace, as observational surveys reveal new objects and refined
observing techniques yield more physical information about specific bodies. 相似文献
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Ion optics are crucial components of ion thrusters and the study of the different ion extraction solutions used since the beginning of the electric propulsion era is essential to understand the evolution of ion engines. This work describes ion engine grids' main functions, parameters and issues related to thermal expansion and sputter erosion, and then introduces a review of ion optics used for significant launched and tested ion thrusters since 1970. Configurations, geometries, materials and fabrication methods are analyzed to understand when typical ion thrusters use two or three grids, what are the thicknesses and aperture sizes of the screen, accelerator and decelerator grids, why molybdenum and carbon-based materials such as pyrolytic graphite and carbon–carbon are the best available options for ion optics and what is the manufacturing method for each material. 相似文献
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A survey of current knowledge about Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and their satellites is presented. The best available
numerical values are given for physical parameters, including orbital and body properties, atmospheric composition and structure,
and photometric parameters. The more acceptable current theories of these bodies are outlined with thorough referencing offering
access to the details. The survey attempts to cover the literature through May 1, 1972.
Prepared Under Contract No. NAS7-100 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 相似文献
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杰罗姆·格瑞·钱德勒 《航空维修与工程》2004,(6):11-14
大到整个飞机机身,小到某个飞机附件,周转时间都是十分重要的。在成本、质量和速度的三角关系中,后者正在占据越来越重要的地位。现在航空业出现一种新趋势,即航空公司在寻找维修公司时更注重维修周转时间的长短,以前,却是更为注重维修价格的高低。随着飞机营运费用的升高,周转 相似文献
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一直以来,航空公司大多采用ACARS通信系统(飞机通信寻址和报告系统)进行空中通信服务.但与陆地通信系统相比,该系统的传输速度慢而且成本高,成为目前影响飞行数据传输速度的重要因素之一.一些MRO软件供应商已开始开发机载无线通信系统,试图改善以往缓慢、昂贵和复杂的空中无线服务,使飞行中生成的重要维修数据以更低的成本、更快的速度和更高效率实现传输. 相似文献
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N.U. Crooker J.T. Gosling V. Bothmer R.J. Forsyth P.R. Gazis A. Hewish T.S. Horbury D.S. Intriligator J.R. Jokipii J. Kóta A.J. Lazarus M.A. Lee E. Lucek E. Marsch A. Posner I.G. Richardson E.C. Roelof J.M. Schmidt G.L. Siscoe B.T. Tsurutani R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber 《Space Science Reviews》1999,89(1-2):179-220
Corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the middle heliosphere have distinct morphological features and associated patterns
of turbulence and energetic particles. This report summarizes current understanding of those features and patterns, discusses
how they can vary from case to case and with distance from the Sun and possible causes of those variations, presents an analytical
model of the morphological features found in earlier qualitative models and numerical simulations, and identifies aspects
of the features and patterns that have yet to be resolved.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献