A three-state Kalman tracker using position and rate measurements

A three-state Kalman tracker is described for tracking a moving target, such as an aircraft, making use of the position and rate measurements obtained by a track-white-scan radar sensor which employs pulsed Doppler processing, such as the moving target detector providing unambiguous Doppler data. The steady-state filter parameters have been analytically obtained under the assumption of white noise maneuver capability. The numerical computations of these parameters are in excellent agreement with those obtained from the recursive Kalman filter matrix equations. The solution for the case when only the range measurements are available is obtained as a special case of this model. Graphs of normalized covariances and gains are presented to illustrate how the solution depends on different parameters     

Transient processes and stability in an LC chopper

The analysis of the transient and steady-state processes in LC choppers is presented. The method, used previously for the analysis of processes in grid-connected and self-commutated converters, is adjusted for analysis of LC chopper's processes. The difference equations describing these processes, are obtained and solved. The analytical solution of the problem and the conditions of the transient, steady-state, and stability existence in the chopper are found. Theoretical and experimental results are compared and satisfactory agreement is obtained     

Steady-state analysis of PWM DC-to-DC regulators

A new method for steady-state analysis of pulsewidth modulation (PWM) hard-switching DC-to-DC regulators is presented. The power stage and the feedback control circuit are analyzed as two interconnected blocks. The intersection of their open-loop DC steady-state characteristics with the ramp voltage provides a guess candidate steady-state solution (CS). An iterative process is used to validate it as true steady-state solution (TS) when the bias conditions of switching devices (SDs) are fulfilled everywhere in the switching period.     

Analytical Steady-State Solution for a Continuous Time Kalman Filter

Analytical expressions are given for the steady-state solution to a continuous time Kalman filter for a two-state model where both states are measured. The solution is obtained by a limiting operation on the known solution for the corresponding discrete time case. The solution is visualized in two graphs. The filter transfer function is also given.     

一种基于动态补偿技术的微小稳态推力还原方法

新型微推力器是未来微纳卫星的生力军,其设计、研制和应用都离不开推力性能测量的工程支撑。在设计和研究阶段,新型微推力器稳态力输出时间与机械式直接测量系统稳态调整时间之间存在匹配问题,无法利用测量系统的稳态响应直接还原推力大小。提出一种基于动态补偿技术的稳态推力还原方法,通过分析稳态力工作时间、稳态力大小与测量系统稳态响应之间的关系,提出了动态补偿器的设计原则和推力还原步骤,并进行了实验验证。研究结果表明：当稳态推力实际工作时间大于测量系统周期的0.25倍,且小于测量系统稳态调整时间时,可利用动态补偿器设计原则建立新的等效测量系统,使最终的输出达到稳态,并利用最终的稳态响应均值还原推力大小。     

基于遗传算法的涡扇发动机稳态调节规律优化设计

为了获得最大推力,对典型的混合排气涡扇发动机的调节规律进行分析,得到发动机控制参数的最优匹配,介绍了1种基于排挤机制的小生境遗传算法,并采用多峰值多变量函数对小生境遗传算法进行测试,结果表明:小生境遗传算法能够得到目标函数的局部最优解和全局最优解。将发动机稳态模型作为目标函数代入小生境遗传算法中,并制定相应的约束条件和惩罚机制,结果表明:采用优化后的调节规律使发动机推力表现更优。     

Analytical solution of discrete colored noise ECA tracking filter

New analytical solutions of steady-state Kalman gains are presented for a discrete-time tracking filter with correlation in both the measurement noise and the target maneuver. The measurement noise model is a first-order discrete Markov process characterized by a correlation coefficient ρ. The target motion is examined for an exponentially correlated acceleration maneuver type in which the vehicle oscillation such as wind-induced-bending is also considered. The present solution method is based on factorizing the observed spectral density matrix Ψ(z) in frequency domain. The algorithm proposed here gives the Kalman gain matrix directly. For a case when the steady-state error covariance matrix is desired, such gains can be incorporated with the algebraic Riccati equation     

多跨转子稳态不平衡响应研究

作者在Lund提出的有阻稳态不平衡响应计算方法的基础上,导出了多跨转子计及轴间套齿联轴器角向刚度C_hx)及C_(hy)的结点传递矩阵,结点左、右转角之间关系可表示为;     

Implementation and convergence considerations of a linearlyconstrained adaptive array

O.L. Frost (1972) introduced a linearly constrained optimization algorithm that allows certain main beam properties to be preserved while good cancellation is attained. An open-loop implementation of this algorithm is developed. This implementation is shown to be equivalent to the technique developed by C.W. Jim (1977), L.J. Griffiths and C.W. Jin (1982), and K.M. Buckley and L.J. Griffiths (1982) whereby the constrained problem is reduced to an unconstrained problem. Analytical results are presented for the convergence rate when the sampled matrix inversion (SMI) or Gram-Schmidt (GS) algorithm are employed. It has been previously shown that the steady-state solution for the optimal weights is identical for both constrained and reduced unconstrained problems. It is shown that if the SMI or GS algorithm is employed, then the transient weighting vector solution for the constrained problem is identical to the equivalent transient weight vector solution for the reduced unconstrained implementation     

涡轴发动机数控系统控制规律及容错控制

用Simulink仿真工具,建立了某涡轴发动机及执行机构的数学模型,对涡轴发动机数控系统的稳态控制规律、加减速控制规律,关键传感器故障后的容错控制规律进行了仿真研究,提出了涡轴发动机控制的完整解决方案.仿真结果表明,该控制方案能在无故障和有故障的情况下,保证控制系统稳定工作,并具有较好的稳态和动态性能.     

高超声速飞行器周期巡航轨迹设计与优化

针对高超声速飞行器,给出了参数建模方法并分析了其气动特性,建立了乘波体外形高超声速飞行器的纵向平面运动学模型;提出了高超声速飞行器巡航段周期轨迹的方案及相应的轨迹优化方法.采用高斯伪谱法解决周期性轨道优化问题,将原有的连续周期非线性优化问题转化为多段离散优化问题,并采用SQP算法求得最优解.仿真结果表明,在巡航航程相同的情况下,周期轨迹比稳态轨迹更省燃料.     

非线性元件次谐波运动的等效线性化

本文提出一个利用谐波平衡原理将非线性元件的作用力线性化的方法。非线性元件装于多自由度系统,系统在非线性元件处的运动含有与作用于系统的外谐和力非同步的分量。文中给出等效线性力参数的表达式,它们可通过一定的迭代步骤算出。文中以装有非同心型的挤压油膜阻尼器的不平衡刚性转子的次谐波响应为例,比较了用本文的方法与用Runge-Kutta法所得的计算结果。      

一种修正的双模式盲均衡算法研究

传统的CMA盲均衡算法存在收敛速度较慢、稳态均方误差较大的缺点。结合了判决引导算法的CMA算法虽具有稳态均方误差小的优势,但是算法本身收敛能力弱,在信号眼图未张开的条件下难以保证算法收敛。针对上述不足,提出了一种含软判决思想的双模式盲均衡算法。该算法通过最大化均衡器输出信号的后验概率密度函数来获得均衡器抽头系数的最优值。计算机仿真结果表明,所提算法可以有效地纠正输出信号的相位旋转,具有较好的均衡效果。     

Numerical 3-D time-dependent MHD model of the solar wind

A fully three-dimensional, time-dependent MHD model of the solar corona and the solar wind is developed. The proposed model is an upgrading of the steady-state model (Usmanov, 1993a,b). A numerical self-consistent solution for 3-D MHD equations is constructed for the region between the solar photosphere and 1.5 AU. The unique features of the proposed model are: (i) uniform coverage and self-consistent treatment of the regions of subsonic/sub-Alfvénic and supersonic/super-Alfvénic flows, (ii) as a background for transients, a steady-state solution for the ambient solar wind is used. The parameters of the initial pulses are prescribed in terms of the near-Sun shock velocities (as inferred from the metric Type II radio burst observations) relative to the preshock steady-state flow parameters.     

Numerical Simulations of Stellar Winds

We discuss steady-state transonic outflows obtained by direct numerical solution of the hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic equations. We make use of the Versatile Advection Code, a software package for solving systems of (hyperbolic) partial differential equations. We model thermally and magneto-centrifugally driven stellar outflows as generalizations of the well-known Parker and Weber-Davis wind solutions. To obtain steady-state solutions efficiently, we exploit fully implicit time stepping. Wind solutions containing both a 'wind' and a 'dead' zone are presented. We emphasize the boundary conditions imposed at the stellar surface. For axisymmetric wind solutions, we use the knowledge of the flux functions to verify the numerical solutions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

稳定状态下锥形伞结构分析

通过合理简化和假设确定轴对称锥形降落伞模型，建立了充满稳定状态下锥形伞受力平衡微分方程，然后根据空间几何关系和弹性力学，补充约束方程，通过数值方法求解方程，最终得到伞绳和伞衣的形状和应力。编成非线性迭代程序对锥形伞进行验证。算例表明，该模型可以用于锥形伞结构的初步分析和设计。     

在电离层飞行的航天器近尾迹内电子数密度渐近解

本文讨论了航天器近尾迹流场电子数密度分布,给出无碰撞假设下等离子体绕带电圆盘流动的近尾迹流场渐近解。用匹配渐近展开法求解实际可能现出的三种情形的电子数密度分布。所得的摄动解对近尾迹流动的理论和数值研究有指导意义。     

A simple smoother: closed-form solution and analytical results

A closed-form solid-state solution for a simple one-dimensional smoother is presented. The target position-velocity dynamics are modeled as a linear discrete Gauss-Markov process: the discrete position measurements are assumed to be independent and identically normally distributed. Analytical results derived from estimating optimum steady-state position and velocity are given as well as the improvement provided by smoothing relative to pure filtering estimates. Analytical results, including appropriate limiting cases, show that the ratios of the RMS smoothing to the RMS filtering error are from 1/2 to 1 in position and from 1/2 to 1/√2 in velocity. As a numerical example a highly maneuvering target characterized by an acceleration width of 30 m/s² is considered     

Analytical study of the FV atmospheric flight dynamics under propulsive engine control

A mathematical model of the atmospheric flight of a flight vehicle being controlled by small propulsive engines is presented. The analytical solutions of differential equations are obtained for the approximate calculation of kinematic parameters in the steady-state motions. The flight dynamics and control are studied under conditions of nose lift and diving. The results are suitable for the choice of design FV parameters and synthesis of onboard algorithms of control and parametric identification.     

转子振动主动控制中瞬态响应的抑制

在主动控制转子振动的过程中,支承刚性的改变必然伴随着转子两个稳定运动状态间过渡的瞬态过程。用时变系统理论研究了瞬态振动的特性及其影响因素,设计了时变控制器。结果表明,瞬态响应是转子主动控振中不可忽视的因素。时变控制器可大大减少瞬态响应的影响。