Topology optimization of joint load control with geometrical nonlinearity

This paper presents an extended topology optimization approach considering joint load constraints with geo-metrical nonlinearity in design of assembled structures. The geometrical nonlinearity is firstly included to reflect the structural response and the joint load distribution under large deformation. To avoid a failure of fastener joints, topology optimization is then carried out to minimize the structural end compliance in the equilibrium state while controlling joint loads intensities over fasteners. During nonlinear analysis and optimization, a novel implementation of adjoint vector sensitivity analysis along with super element condensation is introduced to address numerical instability issues. The degrees of freedom of weak regions are condensed so that their influences are excluded from the iterative Newton-Raphson (NR) solution. Numerical examples are presented to validate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method. The effects of joint load constraints and geometrical nonlinearity are highlighted by comparing numerical optimization results.     

飞行器翼身结合部的散射特性分析

飞行器翼身结合部构成的两面角反射器是一个很强的电磁散射源,但由于其一个表面弯曲,分析这种结构的散射十分困难。采用复射线展开法和几何绕射法分别处理镜面多次反射和边缘绕射,计算了这种复杂结构产生的电磁散射和雷达截面贡献,分析了翼身两面角和机身半径等几何参数对目标雷达截面的影响。结果表明是一种有效的雷达截面预估方法,通过结构几何参数的计算机优化,可以显著地减小翼身结合部的雷达截面贡献。     

A Velocity Estimation Algorithm of Moving Targets using Single Antenna SAR

A new algorithm is proposed for velocity estimation of moving targets in single antenna synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Based on the fact that different velocity vectors cause different geometrical figures of the two-dimensional (2-D) signature in the range-Doppler (RD) domain, this algorithm estimates the azimuth and range velocities by a 2-D search such that the range cell migration correction (RCMC) and the second range compression (SRC) are correctly performed. It is shown that, using the proposed algorithm, the Doppler ambiguity problem can be avoided and satisfactory accurate velocity estimation can be obtained in high signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) scenarios.     

基于无裂纹直耳片接头接触问题的非线性分析

考虑耳片与螺栓之间配合间隙,采用Patran有限元分析软件,模拟飞机结构中典型直耳片接头的结构特征及载荷特征,对无裂纹直耳片接头进行了非线性接触分析。通过分析,计算了三种不同大小耳片孔边应力集中系数,并与理论经验公式计算得到的耳片孔边应力集中系数相比较,其结果表明,有限元计算方法合理,可为有初始裂纹耳片接头接触分析提供参考。同时,在此基础上讨论了耳片不同几何参数对其应力分布影响,也可为接头耳片的优化设计提供一定的指导。     

基于ANSYS的复合材料层合板单钉连接件参数化结构仿真

应用ANSYS参数化设计语言(APDL)开发复合材料层合板机械连接结构的ANSYS分析模块,实现有限元分析前处理过程的参数化建模和后处理过程的累积损伤可视化仿真。建立三维累积损伤有限元模型,采用ANSYS中柔体对柔体的面—面接触单元对螺栓表面和复合材料层合板孔壁间的接触行为进行模拟。进行的T300帘子布/QY8911双马来酰亚胺树脂层合板单钉单搭螺栓挤压强度试验验证此分析模块的有效性,对不同几何参数、不同铺层类型的复合材料层合板机械连接结构的承载性能进行可视化仿真模拟。     

MODIFIED WEIGHTED GRADIENT PROJECTION METHOD AND RESEARCH TO THE KINEMATIC CONTROL OF REDUNDANT MANIPULATORS

ＭＯＤＩＦＩＥＤＷＥＩＧＨＴＥＤＧＲＡＤＩＥＮＴＰＲＯＪＥＣＴＩＯＮＭＥＴＨＯＤＡＮＤＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＴＯＴＨＥＫＩＮＥＭＡＴＩＣＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＯＦＲＥＤＵＮＤＡＮＴＭＡＮＩＰＵＬＡＴＯＲＳＣｈｅｎＷｅｉｈａｉ；ＹａｎｇＺｏｎｇｘｕ；ＺｈａｎｇＱｉｘ...     

D300mm×3420mm圆管内旋转流流场的LDV实验测量

利用激光多普勒测速仪（LDV）对直径D300mm×3420mm圆管内的旋转流场进行了实验测量,重点测量切向速度与轴向速度的分布以及湍流强度分布。测量结果表明圆管内的旋转流是Rankine涡结构形态,旋转流强度沿轴向存在着明显的衰减特性,且最大切向速度的径向位置沿轴向逐渐向内移动,即由上游的刚性涡逐渐向下游的准自由涡和刚性涡组合过渡;轴向速度的分布存在着很大的不均匀性,在r=0．5R区域存在一个轴向速度的低速区,甚至出现上行,但在轴向位置z〉10R后轴向速度全部向下,并向均匀分布发展;圆管内的切向湍流强度比轴向湍流强度大一倍,两者的湍流强度在准自由涡区径向分布比较平均,中心刚性涡区域的湍流强度比较高,而且随轴向位置的变化衰减不明显。     

卫星定轨综述

对卫星定轨中的热点问题作一综述,内容包括短弧定轨和长弧精密定轨。对于短弧定轨(通常指初轨),不仅从原理上分析其关键之处,还介绍如何将适用于无摄运动的特殊定轨方法推广用于同时考虑各种摄动的受摄运动,并可同时适用于圆锥曲线的各种情况：变化的椭圆轨道、抛物线轨道和双曲线轨道,后者在深空探测器的运动过程中将会遇到。对于长弧精密定轨,阐述当今提高精密定轨精度的力模型补偿问题以及几何定轨的提法,天地基网联合定轨和星-星相对测量的自主定轨问题。     

3R-3URU可展单元机构及其在构架式可展天线中的应用

提出了一种空间单自由度(DOF)可展单元机构3R-3URU。首先,基于螺旋理论和修正的G-K公式分析了RURUR单闭环机构的自由度,建立了该机构中主动关节和被动关节速度之间的解析关系式,基于此关系式和3个RURUR机构共用首尾转动副的结构特点推导了3R-3URU单元机构的自由度,得到了3R-3URU机构具有1个自由度时各运动副的方向和位置满足的几何关系式。其次,将3R-3URU机构应用于3RR-3RRR四面体可展单元及其组成的球面构架式可展天线中,得到了具有收拢和调姿两种自由度的新型可展机构。最后,利用Adams软件对3R-3URU可展单元机构的自由度和其在四面体构架式可展天线中的应用进行了仿真验证。该3R-3URU可展单元机构具有单自由度、铰链种类少、结构简单等优点,可用于曲面构架式可展天线的支撑机构中,实现大折叠比。     

Microstructural formation and mechanical performance of friction stir double-riveting welded Al-Cu joints

A novel friction stir double-riveting welding (FSDRW) technology was proposed in order to realize the high-quality joining of upper aluminum (Al) and lower copper (Cu) plates, and this technology employed a Cu column as a rivet and a specially designed welding tool with a large concave-angle shoulder. The formations, interfacial characteristics, mechanical properties and fracture features of Al/Cu FSDRW joints under different rotational velocities and dwell times were investigated. The results showed that the well-formed FSDRW joint was successfully obtained. The cylindrical Cu column was transformed into a double riveting heads structure with a Cu anchor at the top and an Al anchor at the bottom, thereby providing an excellent mechanical interlocking. The defect-free Cu/Cu interface was formed at the lap interface due to the sufficient metallurgical bonding between the Cu column and the Cu plate, thereby effectively inhibiting the propagation of crack from the intermetallic compound layer at the lap interface between the Al and Cu plates. The tensile shear load of joint was increased first and then decreased when the rotational velocity and dwell time of welding tool increased, and the maximum value was 5.52 kN. The FSDRW joint presented a mixed mode of ductile and brittle fractures.     

用内式六分量应变天平实测导弹挂飞载荷

 本文研究了导弹挂飞载荷的飞行实测技术。研制了两套由导弹模拟壳体和内式六分量应变天平组成的测力系统,在进行多项飞行环境适应性、安全性、测试功能性地面试验后,将其左右对称安装在载机截尖三角形翼下,在国内首次对三挂点、大长细比导弹的挂飞载荷进行了飞行实测,试验结果可信可靠。采用与实弹相同的挂装连接方式模拟壳体气动外形和几何尺寸,采用框式双天平一体结构、集中传力、天平校心与测力系统质心重合以及测力系统整体校准等,实现对导弹质心处航向、侧向和法向3个方向上力和力矩的直接测量,测量不确定度小于5%。为导弹挂飞载荷的安全、精准实测提供了一种重要技术途径。     

某机身壁板结构环向裂纹扩展分析与试验对比

对于机身加筋壁板结构,获取较为准确的应力强度因子是进行裂纹扩展分析的基础,其核心工作是计算结构的几何因子。本文结合T.Swift提出的机身加筋壁板结构几何因子计算方法,编制了相关分析工具,计算获得某机身壁板结构环向裂纹几何因子,将计算结果与采用有限元法计算获得的几何因子进行对比。最后,将几何因子输入Nasgro软件进行裂纹扩展寿命分析,与试验结果进行对比,吻合较好。该方法计算效率高,可节省大量计算时间,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

一种长期稳定的卫星编队队形优化设计方法

 对于卫星编队飞行设计长期稳定以节省控制燃料的队形是一项非常重要的工作，本文提出了一种队形长期稳定的优化设计方法。首先利用Hill方程设计出满足任务要求的相对位置和相对速度的约束关系，以剩下的自由相对位置或相对速度作为优化变量。优化目标选择为主从星在J2摄动下的各平均轨道根数相对漂移率最小。文中的优化算法采用改进的遗传算法，遗传算法作为一种通用的全局最优随机搜索算法，在解决一些复杂问题时它还存在着过早收敛和收敛速度慢的缺陷，针对此问题，本文提出一种改进的遗传算法。仿真结果表明利用这种优化设计方法设计的队形在各种摄动力下能够长期保持稳定。     

飞机圆弧风挡鸟撞动响应分析

采用等效动载荷法对某机圆弧风挡进行鸟撞动响应分析。着重考虑了应变率对透明件材料性能的影响和几何非线性对刚度矩阵的影响,并将计算结果与全尺寸鸟撞试验结果进行比较。得出了风挡位移在鸟撞击过程中的变化规律。结果表明:应变率对位移、应变影响较大,几何非线性对飞机风挡鸟撞动响应分析结果的影响不可忽略。     

用X热线探针测量二元非定常流速度的方法

为同时测得气流速度V(t)的大小和方向,一般就需要二条互成一定角度(2α)的热线。这时气流方向通常与热线不垂直。      

基于反步法的挠性航天器姿态镇定

利用反步法研究了一类挠性航天器的姿态镇定问题,提出一种基于模态观测器的反步控制设计方案.首先,构造挠性模态观测器对挠性模态变量及其变化率进行观测;其次,将角速度看成虚拟控制器,设计虚拟角速度镇定运动学模型与挠性模态变量组成的子系统;最后,利用反步法设计了一种非线性控制器使得角速度能够跟踪虚拟角速度,从而实现姿态镇定的目...     

Geometrical entropy approach for variable structure multiple-model estimation

The variable structure multiple-model(VSMM) estimation approach, one of the multiple-model(MM) estimation approaches, is popular in handling state estimation problems with mode uncertainties.In the VSMM algorithms, the model sequence set adaptation(MSA) plays a key role.The MSA methods are challenged in both theory and practice for the target modes and the real observation error distributions are usually uncertain in practice.In this paper, a geometrical entropy(GE) measure is proposed so that the MSA is achieved on the minimum geometrical entropy(MGE) principle.Consequently, the minimum geometrical entropy multiple-model(MGEMM) framework is proposed, and two suboptimal algorithms, the particle filter k-means minimum geometrical entropy multiple-model algorithm(PF-KMGEMM) as well as the particle filter adaptive minimum geometrical entropy multiple-model algorithm(PF-AMGEMM), are established for practical applications.The proposed algorithms are tested in three groups of maneuvering target tracking scenarios with mode and observation error distribution uncertainties.Numerical simulations have demonstrated that compared to several existing algorithms, the MGE-based algorithms can achieve more robust and accurate estimation results when the real observation error is inconsistent with a priori.     

基于两相法的机翼结构几何优化设计

针对机翼结构的几何优化问题,提出了一种基于两相法的几何优化设计新方法。采用参数化命令流文件进行有限元建模,利用复合形法进行位置优化,利用MSC/NASTRAN进行尺寸优化,并将尺寸优化结果传递给复合形法作为复合形法进行操作的依据。算例表明,本文所提方法可行,所得结果可信度高。     

Numerical Modeling of the Compression Process of Elastic Open-cell Foams

The random models of open-cell foams that can reflect the actual cell geometrical properties are constructed with the Voronoi technique. The compression process of elastic open-cell foams is simulated with the nonlinear calculation module of finite element analysis program. In order to get the general results applicable to this kind of materials, the dimensionless compressive stress is used and the stress-strain curves of foam models with different geometrical properties are obtained. Then, the influences of open-cell geometrical properties, including the shape of strut cross section, relative density and cell shape irregularity, on the compressive nonlinear mechani- cal performance are analyzed. In addition, the numerical results are compared with the predicted results of cubic staggering model. Numerical results indicate that the simulated results reflect the compressive process of foams quite well and the geometrical properties of cell have significant influences on the nonlinear mechanical behavior of foams.     

等离子体气动激励诱导气流加速的实验

为揭示等离子体气动激励诱导气流加速的作用机理及影响因素,对静止空气条件下的诱导气流速度进行了测量.实验结果表明:等离子体气动激励启动瞬间形成启动涡,随即旋涡向下游运动并最终演化为近壁面射流;激励电压增大时,诱导气流速度增大,近壁面射流的射程增加;激励频率增大时,诱导气流速度变化不明显;多组电极激励器诱导的气流速度周期性地先增大后减小,并且诱导气流加速的效果沿流向方向逐渐减弱.