一种全集成化的温补晶体振荡器

介绍了一种全集成化的温度补偿晶体振荡器 (以下简称温补晶振 )的原理及应用。它采用三次函数电压发生器得到温度补偿电压 ;采用软件的方法实现频率的自动调整。由于采用这种新的补偿方法 ,使得它便于集成化 ,因此它具有体积小、功耗低的优点。其输出信号的频率稳定性可在宽温范围 (- 30℃～ + 85℃ )下达到± 1× 10 - 6 。基于这些优点 ,这种集成温补晶振可在对体积和功耗要求严格的领域 ,尤其是在便携式设备中得到广泛的应用。     

改善高频宽压控晶振频率温度稳定性方法

高频宽压控晶体振荡器广泛应用于各种接收机和应答机中,工作温度范围通常为-40℃～+85℃。对于该类晶振,极易出现频率温度稳定性相对于其内部石英谐振器明显恶化的现象。对此,从理论上分析了引起恶化的原因,并提出通过合理控制振荡电路的压控范围和石英谐振器的激励功率,可以改善高频宽压控晶振的温频特性。最后,研制并测试了4只102.3MHz压控晶振,结果优于指标要求,充分验证了方法的有效性。     

GPS锁定晶振的数据处理方法研究

针对GPS锁定晶振频率标准,提出了一种滑动平均值法滤波方法,通过这种算法建立新的取样值与历史取样值相关性,适当选取取样点数形成滑动滤波窗口,改变的滑动滤波窗口大小,能有效克服GPS接收机输出的1×10-6的波动影响,可以在很短的时间间隔内解算出被控晶振与GPS的偏差值,应用于控制算法,不断修正压控晶振的频率,使压控晶振锁定在GPS上。     

200MHz小型化高稳恒温晶振的研究

介绍一种新型小型化高频高稳定恒温晶振,输出频率200 MHz,频率老化率优于1×10-8/d,静态相位噪声可达到￡(100 Hz)≤-110 dBc/Hz.整个晶振的体积只有40 mm×40 mm×75 mm,重量小于160g.本文详细阐述了小型化设计思想,讨论了影响稳定度的理论和实践因素,给出晶振电气性能测试数据.     

50MHz温度补偿晶体振荡器的研制

本文简要地讨论了采用50MHz三次泛音晶体的温度补偿晶体振荡器,分析了振荡电路,介绍了热敏电阻网络的计算方法。为改进计算而采用了比较简便直观的逐次渐近法。最后,给出了实验电路及测量结果。结果表明补偿后的50MHz晶振在宽温度范围内(-40℃～+60℃)具有±1×10~(-6)的频率稳定度。     

一种新型微机补偿晶体振荡器

提出了一种以微处理器 +单一A/D、D/A数据处理芯片的新型微机补偿晶体振荡器。该温补晶振的频率稳定度≤± 2× 10 -7(- 4 5℃～ +85℃ ) ,体积 35× 2 4× 10mm3 ,平均功耗≤ 30mW。     

GPS锁定晶体振荡器的数据处理方法研究

针对GPS锁定晶振频率标准,提出了一种滑动平均值法滤波方法,通过这种算法建立新的取样值与历史取样值相关性,适当选取取样点数形成滑动滤波窗口,改变滑动滤波窗口大小,能有效克服GPS接收机输出的1×10^-6的波动影响,可以在很短的时间间隔内解算出被控晶振与GPS的偏差值。应用于控制算法,不断修正压控晶振的频率,使晶体振荡器锁定在GPS频率标准上。     

一种小型高频恒温晶体振荡器设计

恒温晶体振荡器因其频率稳定度高、相位噪声低,在军用电子设备和民用通信领域得到广泛的应用。本文介绍了一种100MHz小型恒温晶振,该产品外形尺寸为25.4mm×25.4mm×12.7mm,采用SC切晶体。振荡电路使用改进的Colpitts电路,控温电路则为双运放直流放大连续控温结构。测试结果表明,产品相位噪声达到-140dBc/Hz@100Hz、-160dBc/Hz@1kHz、-172dBc/Hz@100kHz;短期稳定度达2.11E-12/1s;在-40℃～70℃的工作温度范围内,频率温度稳定性达到±3.0E-8。     

高频高稳恒温晶体振荡器设计

本文采用低频高稳振荡与低噪声倍频相结合的方法,并进行精密控温设计,研制了一种高频高稳恒温晶体振荡器,输出频率为100MHz,短期频率稳定度可以实现2.68E-13/s,2.54E-12/100s,老化率优于7E-11/d,谐波优于-50dBc。经随机振动、冲击和温度冲击等环境试验考核,晶振试验前后频率变化均小于±5E-9,可以很好地满足多领域应用对高频高稳定信号源的需求,可靠性高,有利于简化系统构成,缩小设备体积。     

北京轩宇空间科技有限公司

<正>6U CPCI模拟量采集板◆基于32位CPCI总线;◆6U CPCI结构;◆采用16位ADC;◆通道数量:128单端通道,64差分通道;◆采集速度大于100ksamples/s;◆采集精度优于0.1%;◆量程可设置:±2.5V,0~5V;◆总线隔离,隔离电可控;◆驱动时钟:50MHz;◆FPGA逻辑控制;◆工作温度:0℃~+60℃相对湿度:10%~90%;◆存储温度:-40℃-+85℃相对湿度:5%~95%。     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

清镇陨石（EH3）中陨硫钙石的REE微量元素及成因意义

本文运用INAA分析了14个清镇陨石中陨硫钙石单矿物颗粒的难熔元素(La、Ce、Sm、Eu、Yb、Lu、Ca、Sc、Hf和Th),挥发性元素(Na、Cr、Zn、Se、Br等)和亲铁元素(Fe、Ni、Co、Ir、Au、As)含量。结果表明陨硫钙石高度富集难熔亲石元素,是顽火辉石陨石中REE的主要载体,携带了约80％的全岩REE总量。相对于HREE,LREE有更大的富集程度,而且早期凝聚的颗粒较晚期凝聚的颗粒更富集REE,同时陨硫钙石富集挥发性元素Se、Br等。清镇陨硫钙石的微量元素特征揭示了它来自于太阳星云的高温凝聚特征和成因。     

柔性航天器IPACS建模与动力学分析

利用拟坐标下的拉格朗日方程和动量矩定理,建立了带变速控制力矩陀螺群(VSCMGs,Variable Speed Control Moment Gyroscopes)的柔性航天器的能量/姿态一体化控制系统(IPACS, Integrated Power/Attitude Control System)的动力学模型,该模型适合于姿态控制律设计及VSCMGs操纵律设计.采用动量管理和VSCMGs构型选取相结合的方法,有效地避免了VSCMGs设计时可能出现的奇异问题.分析了采用VSCMGs的柔性航天器IPACS中的动力学耦合问题,并以某大型航天器为例进行了数值仿真.分析和仿真结果显示出,当VSCMGs的力矩轴接近(或陷入)奇异或进行储/放能切换时,VSCMGs都会对柔性附件造成显著影响.      

Progress in tropospheric ammonia retrieval from the MIPAS satellite instrument

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding is a polar orbiting high resolution mid-infrared emission limb sounder with a nominal vertical resolution of 3 km. Work to extend the list of routinely retrieved species led to the examination of ammonia, NH₃. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of upper tropospheric retrievals around 6-km altitude, discussing appropriate methods. We demonstrate a weak north to south gradient outside the error bars, using co-addition to improve signal-to-noise and compare these first results with a model.     

Monitoring spatio-temporal variations in aerosols and aerosol–cloud interactions over Pakistan using MODIS data

Clouds are important elements in climatic processes and interactions between aerosols and clouds are therefore a hot topic for scientific research. Aerosols show both spatial and temporal variations, which can lead to variations in the microphysics of clouds. In this research, we have examined the spatial and temporal variations in aerosol particles over Pakistan and the impact of these variations on various optical properties of clouds, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from the Terra satellite. We used the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model for trajectory analysis to reveal the origins of air masses, with the aim of understanding these spatial and temporal variabilities in aerosol concentrations. We also documented seasonal variations in patterns of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Pakistan, for which the highest values occur during the monsoon season (June–August). We then analyzed the relationships between AOD and four other cloud parameters, namely water vapour (WV), cloud fraction (CF), cloud top temperature (CTT) and cloud top pressure (CTP). Regional correlation maps and time series plots for aerosol (AOD) and cloud parameters were produced to provide a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interaction. The analyses showed strong positive correlations between AOD and WV for all of the eight cities investigated. The correlation between AOD and CF was positive for those cities where the air masses were predominantly humid, but negative for those cities where the air masses were relatively dry and carried a low aerosol abundance. These correlations were clearly dependent on the meteorological conditions for all of the eight cities investigated. Because of the observed AOD–CF relationship, the co-variation of AOD with CTP and CTT may be attributable to large-scale meteorological variations: AOD showed a positive correlation with CTP and CTT in northern regions of Pakistan and a negative correlation in southern regions.     

Technology development for a long duration,mid-cloud level Venus balloon

This paper describes the results of ongoing technology development activities for a Venus spherical superpressure balloon capable of flying for long durations (30 days) in the middle cloud layer at an altitude of 55.5 km. Data is presented from a successful aerial deployment and inflation flight experiment on a 5.5 m diameter prototype balloon conducted at a 2.5 km altitude above the Earth. Although the balloon in that test was not released for free flight, all other steps in the deployment and inflation process were successfully executed. Experimental and computational results are also presented from an investigation of the stress concentration phenomenon at the junction of the metal end fitting and fabric end cap of the prototype Venus balloon. Good agreement was found between the simulation and experimental results and a stress concentration factor of 1.55 determined for this end cap design compared to the expectations of thin membrane theory. Finally, results are presented for a new, second-generation Venus balloon material utilizing Aclar™ film instead of Teflon. Optical property and sulfuric acid tolerance data are presented for this material based on laboratory testing of samples.