Potential starter/generator technologies for future aerospaceapplications

This paper presents a search and comparative review of the literature available on variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) technologies. In particular, most of the progress made in the past ten years, using power electronics and electric machines for VSCF systems, is reported. Two VSCF systems, based on induction and switched reluctance machine technologies are presented. The research on the singly- and doubly-fed induction machines has focused on VSCF for wind power generation, whereas that on switched reluctance machines has been directly studied as a VSCF technology in aircraft systems. Results obtained so far favor the switched reluctance machine over the induction machine. Based on the foregoing comparative review, it is recommended that the induction machine be fully investigated as a VSCF drive for aircraft systems. The findings should then be compared with the counterpart SRM system. Issues of comparison may include fault tolerance and redundancy, power density, torque requirements, overload ratings, temperature range and cooling, efficiency and stability over expected operating speed range     

Motor drive technologies for the power-by-wire (PBW) program:options, trends and tradeoffs. I. Motors and controllers

The Power-By-Wire (PEW) program involves the replacement of hydraulic and pneumatic systems currently used in aircraft with an all-electric secondary power system. One of the largest loads of the all-electric secondary power system will be the motor loads which include pumps, compressors and Electrical Actuators (EAs). Issues of improved reliability, reduced maintenance and efficiency, among other advantages, are the motivation for replacing the existing aircraft actuators with electrical actuators. The EA system contains the motor, the power electronic converters, the actuator and the control system, including the sensors. This paper and a companion paper give a comparative literature review in motor drive technologies, with a focus on the trends and tradeoffs involved in the selection of a particular motor drive technology. The reported research comprises the induction motor (IM), the brushless dc motor (BLDCM) and the switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive technologies. Each of the three drives has the potential for application in the PEW program. Many issues remain to be investigated and compared between the three motor drives, using actual mechanical loads expected in the PBW program     

飞机用开关磁阻起动/发电系统负载影响研究

组合起动/发电(IS/G)系统是多/全电飞机(M/A EA)的关键子系统,而开关磁阻电机(SRM)被认为是实现飞机IS/G系统的首选机型。研究了负载对开关磁阻起动/发电(SR S/G)系统电能质量及稳定性的影响。针对多电飞机电气系统的特点,所涉及的负载被划分为三类:传统负载、特殊负载和恒功率负载,给出了突加、突卸负载时SRM的输出电压和相电流曲线。同时,对恒功率负载下系统的稳定性进行了理论分析和仿真验证。     

高超声速飞机动力需求探讨

近年来,随着高超声速技术的长足进步,特别是在超燃冲压技术逐渐面向工程化的背景下,关于高超声速飞机及其动力系统的讨论也频繁出现。为了在宽速域条件下工作,基于不同热力循环工作模式的组合动力系统相继被提出,高超声速飞机的动力发展形式出现了百花齐放、百家争鸣的局面,也对高超声速飞机动力系统的选型提出了巨大挑战。通过对飞机发展史及高超声速相关发展技术的综述,阐述了现阶段组合动力是高超声速飞机动力主要发展方向这一结论,针对高超声速飞机需求,梳理和分析了几种高超声速组合动力系统的工作原理、工作特性及优缺点,并展望了采用组合动力系统对未来高超声速飞机研究带来的挑战。随着飞行速度的提高,高超声速飞机和动力系统的一体化势在必行。     

B777飞机供电系统的性能分析

B777飞机集中了当代飞机最先进的供电技术,因而它的电源系统具有最佳的性能。本文分析这些性能,并重点阐述支持双发延程越洋飞行能力的大容量多余度电源和变速恒频备用交流电源系统的特点。     

B737飞机变速恒频电源分析

分析Ｂ７３７飞机变速恒频电源的基本组成、工作原理，介绍按谐波抑制原理的正弦脉宽调制技术，给出试用结果和存在的主要问题，指出ＶＳＣＦ飞机电源的应用前景。     

Dymola-based modeling of SRD in aircraft electrical system

A rapid-calculation nonlinear model of switched reluctance drives system (SRD) is modularly developed based on Dymola, a new object-oriented modeling software. The SRD is constructed as a subsystem model for the aircraft electrical system model library. The purpose is to build a generic, expandable, and relatively complete airborne model library, then conveniently assemble a system-level model of airborne power system to simulate its dynamic performance, and then alleviate the difficulty in design and optimization of airborne power system during the conceptual design phase.     

用于航空高压直流电源系统的笼型异步发电机控制策略的研究

 现代电力电子技术的发展使得笼型异步发电机能够适用于航空高压直流系统中。着重对笼型异步电机与电力电子变换器结合构成的发电系统进行了研究,说明了采用直接转矩控制策略可使这种发电系统具有很好的动态特性。介绍了异步发电机直接转矩控制的原理与实现方法,并给出了仿真与实验结果。     

分布式电推进飞机电力系统研究综述

继飞机二次能源逐步统一为电能形成多电/全电飞机之后,电推进技术成为飞机动力系统电气化的重要发展方向,有望进一步提高飞机动力系统能量转换效率、降低燃油消耗和排放,代表了航空电气化的高级阶段。飞机电力系统及相关技术是支撑电推进技术发展的重要基础。系统总结了电推进飞机的类型与发展现状,论述了飞机混合动力系统及分布式电推进系统的基本概念、特点与意义。阐述了航空电推进系统的基本结构,比较了适用于分布式电推进系统的电力系统架构,系统分析了实现电推进技术所需的高效高功率密度电机、高效大容量功率变换器和综合热管理等关键技术。小型纯电动飞机正在逐步迈向实用化,而分布式混合电推进技术是中大型飞机电气化的重要方向,仍然需要航空机电和动力系统等交叉融合与创新发展。     

Detailed Design of a High Speed Switched Reluctance Starter/Generator for More/All Electric Aircraft

The basic concepts and advantages of more/all electric aircraft (M/AEA) are briefly addressed. The combined starter/generator (CS/G) system is introduced as a key technology to enable M/AEA. Some important performance requirements for CS/G system are obtained. Based on these requirements, a high speed switched reluctance machine (SRM) is designed to operate as a starter/generator. The entire design process is mainly divided into two stages: electromagnetic design and thermal design. In electromagnetic design stage, the electromagnetic structure and dimensions of the machine and the number of phase winding turns per pole are obtained; the topology and main technical details of the converter are briefly introduced as well. In thermal design stage, a liquid-cooling system is designed based on the thermal analysis of the machine. In the end, the performances of the designed SRM are basically verified by simulation. To get high performances, the exciting angles are optimized in two different operating modes respectively, and the optimized performances in the motoring mode are given as well.     

Dynamic tests with a switched reluctance motor drive

Starting and reversing times of less than 40 ms, torque ripple below ten percent and operational speeds over 5000 1/min. (rpm) can be achieved with our 6/4 prototype switched reluctance motor drive. The drive efficiency approaches 80 percent but it is currently limited by high switching frequency. Peak currents of 50 A are needed in the 4.2 kW machine. Experimental results of the prototype switched reluctance machine are shown     

开关磁阻电机发电运行强励方案的研究与实践

从开关磁阻发电机的运行原理可以看出 ,合理和充分的励磁是发电工作的关键。本文提出了强化励磁的构想 ,设计了强励的解决方案 ,并进行了样机实验验证。分析和实验表明 ,强励方案对运行在低压宽转速系统中的开关磁阻发电机 ,可以获得显著效果     

民用飞机轮速传感器综述

民用飞机轮速传感器是飞机刹车系统的关键设备,用于刹车系统的防滑控制,防止刹车过程中机轮深度打滑和锁死.简要介绍了国外飞机轮速传感器随防滑刹车系统的发展历史,从工作原理和结构形式等方面阐述了变磁阻式、直流式、霍尔式和光电式四种类型的轮速传感器.目前主流民用飞机(包括A320、A330和波音737、波音747、波音777等...     

Generation Schemes for Wind Power Plants

This paper reviews various electric generation schemes for wind energy conversion suitable for interconnection with a power grid. The schemes can be generally classified as constant speed constant frequency (CSCF) and variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) systems. Historically, only CSCF systems have been used for large power generation in wind power plants. However, with the advent of power electronics and the availability of solid state devices capable of handling large amounts of power, VSCF systems are becoming competitive. Various schemes under each classification are discussed and compared. It is stressed, however, that the optimum choice of the generating scheme is not decided by considering the generator alone. The optimum choice is one which minimizes the cost of energy generated by the wind power plant.     

一种新型的双凸极起动/发电机的研究及实践

介绍一种可以适应于航空低压直流、变速恒频、高压直流电气系统的新型双凸极起动 /发电机系统 ,并对其电动及发电机理进行了理论研究 ,给出起动 /发电机的相应控制策略 ,在此基础上研制了 18k W样机并进行了原理试验研究 ,试验结果表明 :双凸极电机起动 /发电系统的方案具有结构简单、可靠及控制方便等优点 ,适合作航空用起动 /发电机     

双绕组异步发电机励磁控制的优化

定子双绕组异步发电机控制绕组接励磁调节器,只提供发电机励磁无功功率。在风力发电、飞机发电等系统中,转速变化范围较宽,控制绕组无功变换器的容量最小有助于降低系统的成本,功率绕组励磁电容的大小直接影响着控制绕组的无功容量。文章研究了变速变载运行时励磁电容的取值对于控制绕组无功容量的影响规律,对电机参数的影响作了分析。     

Nonlinear controller design for switched reluctance drive systems

A nonlinear speed-loop controller for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive system is proposed. The details of the controller design and analysis are discussed. In addition, to extend the controllable speed range, the commutating angle of the drive system is suitably adjusted as the motor speed goes beyond base-speed. By using a 32-bit microprocessor, a fully digital drive system including a digital speed-loop controller and a digital current-loop controller is implemented here. The hardware circuit of the drive system is very simple. The system has satisfactory performance in both the pulsewidth modulated (PWM) region and the single pulse region. The adjustable speed range of the system is from 10 r/min to 3000 r/min. In addition, the proposed drive system performs well in tracking ability, load disturbance rejection capability, and robustness. Several experimental results are presented to validate the theoretic analysis.     

新一代战斗机全机地面强度试验技术

介绍了全机地面强度试验及验证要求，分析了试验的新问题和新挑战。通过试验顶层规划，采用全新设计模式、先进的加载技术，从试验的边界条件、综合平台、动力系统、测量与控制、损伤检测与监测等方面制定了总体技术方案。研究并应用了全硬式单侧双向加载技术、试验综合平台设计技术、试验边界条件模拟技术、动力系统设计技术等多项新技术，提高了设计效率、加快了试验实施速度、提升了试验安全性和可靠性。这些新技术在新一代战斗机多架次全机静力/疲劳试验中成功应用，结果表明各试验系统安全、可靠，达到了试验要求和预期试验目标，实现了全机地面强度试验技术的跨越式进步，技术成果为后续型号试验提供了较高参考价值。