高超音速湍流分离激波结构不稳定性的实验研究

用铂膜电阻温度计测量了前向台阶诱导激波与湍流边界层相互作用流场中的表面热流率脉动。试验条件是:自由流马赫数为7.8,单位长度雷诺数为3.5×10~7米~(-1)。给出相互作用区平均热流率和脉动热流率分布。结果表明:在激波诱导的高超音速湍流分离流中,激波结构是不稳定的,产生一个间歇区域。在间歇区中,表面平均热流率由未扰动湍流边界层的热流信号和低频高幅热流脉动迭加而成,出现一个极大值。相互作用愈强,愈大,间歇区域愈长。     

绕凸台的高超声速分离流动研究

本文研究高超声速流动绕三维低凸台的流动特性。凸台高度与边界层厚度之比介于0.5～0.8,凸台周边倾角介于14°～45°。在高超声速风洞中,来流马赫数为5,单位雷诺数为2.6～6.0×10~7/米。实验过程中测量了模型中心线及特殊部位之表面压强分布,根据纹影记录及表面流动显示确定激波与边界层干扰流场特性及分离区的变化。发现分离区在中心线上距凸台最远,而在凸台肩部距周边沿法线方向最近,确定了中心线上最大压强比的位置。     

上游激波干扰时斜激波串受迫振荡特性实验研究

为了研究斜激波串在与上游激波相互干扰时对下游周期性扰动的响应特征,在来流为马赫数2.7的直管道上游设计了一种等宽度斜楔,在下游中心截面位置安装了旋转的椭圆凸轮,以产生类正弦形式的周期性反压扰动,采用了动态压力测量、高速纹影和粒子图像测速技术等手段进行了试验。结果表明:内置斜楔在管道内产生入射激波、分离激波、膨胀波、再附激波和激波诱导分离等复杂背景流场,在分离区附近形成有顺压梯度和逆压梯度的区域。下游产生的正弦形式的周期性扰动会沿着边界层亚声速混合区域逆流前传,引起壁面压力脉动和斜激波串的周期性振荡运动,振荡频率与反压扰动频率相同。在管道内均匀流场中,斜激波串受迫振荡运动的幅值随着反压扰动频率的增加而逐渐减小。在内置斜楔的管道中,斜激波串受迫振荡运动的幅值大大减小,而且随着反压扰动频率的增加基本保持不变。以文中fs=21Hz为例,斜激波串在上游激波干扰中的受迫振荡幅值仅为在均匀来流中振荡幅值的22%。     

钝缘舵高超音速湍流分离特性

给出由半圆柱前缘舵诱导的高超音速湍流分离的实验结果。实验气流Ｍａｃｈ数为７．８,单位长度Ｒｅ数为３．５×１０７ｍ－１。结果表明：钝缘舵诱导的湍流分离极不稳定,分离激波出现大尺度低频振荡,使壁面压力和热流率无量纲标准偏差在主分离线附近达最大值。Ｍａｃｈ数愈高,最大无量纲标准偏差值越大。在前缘区前缘直径是控制分离流场尺度和平均壁面压力、热流率分布的主要参数     

高分辨率激波/边界层干扰时间演化过程分析

在超声速风洞中开展了湍流边界层与圆柱相互作用流场研究,试验马赫数为3.4和3.8。圆柱安装在试验段底板上,安装位置的边界层为充分发展的湍流边界层,研究了圆柱直径和高度对流场结构和压力脉动的影响。采用基于纳米示踪的平面激光散射(NPLS)技术获取了流向和展向流场精细结构,激波系和马蹄涡结构均可清晰分辨。通过展向流场图像可以发现干扰区内激波与湍流结构的相互作用具有明显的非定常性。采用动态压力传感器测量了圆柱前方相互作用区域的压力脉动特性,在激波足区域压力呈现11～38 kHz的宽频分布,推测主要由激波足与涡结构相互作用及滞止区涡结构的破碎引起。随着圆柱高度的增加,激波足附近测点对应的特征频率有所降低;上游测点则发现了0～3 kHz低频区能量的增强,这主要是由分离区引起的,表明在一定高度范围内高度的增加增强了流动分离。     

高背压进气道中内外流耦合作用的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟研究了出口堵塞比为50.8%的轴对称进气道流动,重点考察了内外流耦合作用下流动的非定常特性。采用国家数值风洞（NNW）工程仿真软件进行数值模拟,得到的壁面平均压力、瞬时压力分布与试验数据符合良好。分析表明：为匹配出口背压,进气道在喉道区域形成激波串结构,使内流道流场分为上游超声速区、中部激波串区以及下游亚声速区;在激波串区,剧烈的逆压梯度产生了分离激波、激波串、分离区及分离剪切层等复杂结构;伴随着激波串运动和边界层大尺度分离,进气道壁面压力出现宽频脉动特征。脉动压力的时空分布表明：内流道脉动压力以扰动波的形式传播,为此建立的声反馈模型能较好地预测亚声速区的主导频率。相关性分析表明：激波串运动受上下游流动耦合作用,其中,频率为St=0.7的运动主要受上游流动影响,频率为St=0.9的运动主要受下游压力扰动波影响。     

在激波风洞中进行的涡轮平面叶栅实验

本文描述了在激波风洞中,来流条件为总压P_0=2.0×10~5、8.0×10~5、13.0×10~5Pa,总温T_0=374.4K,入口马赫数M_1=0.40,进行的平面涡轮叶栅实验。实验内容包括叶片表面压力分布测量,热流率分布测量和激光干涉法显示叶栅通道流场。为了进行比较,文中还给出叶片表面马赫数分布和热流率分布的分析结果。测量值与计算结果规律基本一致。     

圆柱跨声速绕流中的激波/湍流相互作用大涡模拟研究

采用大涡模拟方法研究了圆柱跨声速绕流中的激波/湍流相互作用问题,来流马赫数M∞取为0.75,基于圆柱直径D的雷诺数为2×105。计算结果表明,圆柱分离点处出现一道斜激波,并且以与涡脱泻Strouhal数一致的特征频率向上游传播。激波运动导致流场中出现反对称的流动模态,剪切层中压力信号的功率谱曲线中存在0.4、-1和-5次方的斜率关系,剪切层中的剪切应力角约为0°,脉动速度以流向脉动速度为主,并且沿剪切层的大尺度结构组织性减小。     

尖前缘翼干扰区的壁面压力和热流率分布

本文给出Ｍ＿∞＝７．８和６．７２，Ｒｅ＝３．５×１０￣７／ｍ和５．４×１０￣７／ｍ气流绕迎角为２０°、３０°和３５°尖前缘翼运动时，平板锥型干扰区的壁面压力和热流率分布。结果表明：（１）平板锥型干扰区的特征几何尺度与无粘激波角β＿０和翼迎角α相关，而壁面压力和热流率的峰值与法向马赫数Ｍ＿ｎ相关。（２）翼面压力和热流率分布由于受拐角涡影响，前者在翼根部呈波谷状，而后者呈波峰状，影响尺度与翼前缘处来流边界层厚度有关。     

一种无烧蚀自适应的减阻防热新方法研究

为了解决传统激波针方法在高超声速实际应用中存在的问题,结合逆向喷流方法以及激波针方法,提出了一种无烧蚀自适应的高超声速减阻防热新方法一可伸缩姿态自调整喷流激波针方法(TSAJS).通过数值模拟的方法,针对不同L/D参数的TSAJS外形,对不同攻角、来流马赫数以及喷流马赫数状态下的流场结构、壁面压力和热流分布以及阻力系数等进行了对比研究.结果表明,TSAJS方法在有攻角状态仍然能够有效降低外形的阻力以及壁面热流,L/D为1的TSAJS外形可使壁面热流峰值及阻力系数均降低65％左右.在喷流作用下,TSAJS方法还可避免激波杆头部直接暴露于来流而产生严重的气动加热,从而不需要再特别考虑激波针的防热问题.     

从科技论文的特点看科技论文的选题

本文论述了科技文的特点及选师原则。在特点方面主要就科技论文的科学性,创造性,理论性进行了阐述,在选题方面科技论文选题的客观需要与主条件进行阐述,旨在揭示科技论文的特点与课题选择之间的关系,从而了解其特点,并据此选题,写出符合要求的科技论文。     

某任务计算机调试设备配套软件的设计与实现

简介了任务计算机调试设备配套软件在任务计算机仿真环境中的重要作用 ,对该软件设计方法和流程进行了详细的说明 ,主要介绍了VC ++6 .0环境下串行通信和显示控制软件的设计技术 ,并讨论了如何提高应用程序性能的途径。     

Analysis of a redshifted plasma flow over a sunspot

The ultraviolet spectrum of a redshifted plasma flow appearing over a sunspot observed during the first flight of the High Resolution Telescope Spectrograph (HRTS I) is analysed, and interpreted as a radiatively cooling plasma. For most of the lines emitted from this plasma, the assumption of ionization equilibrium during the cooling is good. However for He II (and other ions with a single electron outside of closed shells), this is not the case. Integrating differential equations for the various ionization fractions of helium and the temperature allows an approximate determination of the abundance of helium relative to other elements whose lines appear in the spectrum of the plasma flow.     

Oscillations of a viscous liquid in a cylindrical container

The natural damped frequencies of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained for slipping and anchored contact line at the container wall r = a. In addition the response to translational forced excitation has been determined. The results may also be applied to viscous liquid in a micro-gravity environment, as long as the contact angle of the liquid surface to the cylindrical container wall is in the vicinity of π/2, indicating, that the free liquid surface equilibrium position remains a plane surface. It could be found that there exists in contrast to frictionless liquid a small filling range, in which the liquid performs only an aperiodic motion. The adherence condition at the side wall was replaced by the somewhat weaker condition of an anchored contact line.     

Effect of a transverse plasma jet on a shock wave induced by a ramp

We conducted experiments in a wind tunnel with Mach number 2 to explore the evolution of a transverse plasma jet and its modification effect on a shock wave induced by a ramp with an angle of 24°. The transverse plasma jet was created by arc discharge in a small cylindrical cavity with a 2 mm diameter orifice. Three group tests with different actuator arrangements in the spanwise or streamwise direction upstream from the ramp were respectively studied to compare their disturbances to the shock wave. As shown by a time-resolved schlieren system, an unsteady motion of the shock wave by actuation was found: the shock wave was significantly modified by the plasma jet with an upstream motion and a reduced angle. Compared to spanwise actuation, a more intensive impact was obtained with two or three streamwise actuators working together. From shock wave structures, the control effect of the plasma jet on the shock motion based on a thermal effect, a potential cause of shock modification, was discussed. Furthermore, we performed a numerical simulation by using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES) method to simulate the evolution of the transverse plasma jet plume produced by two streamwise actuators. The results show that flow structures are similar to those identified in schlieren images. Two streamwise vortices were recognized, which indicates that the higher jet plume is the result of the overlap of two streamwise jets.     

Solving a radiation problem with forward speed using a lifting surface method with a Green''s function

The progress of seakeeping computations requires development of computating codes for unsteady flows around a ship or its elements. In this paper, we present a method of calculation concerning waves radiated by an oscillating surface-piercing flat plate with forward speed, with a yaw angle. By use of Green's third identity, the problem is transformed into the resolution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind by a panel method using Green's function. The Green's diffraction-radiation function with forward speed is used. Its numerical values are calculated by an adaptative integration procedure to reduce the computation time. The present method permits determination of the pressure jump distribution across the plate, the total forces and moments. The results obtained are compared with other numerical methods in hydrodynamics and in aerodynamics, and with experimental data obtained in a water tank.     

Flow about a jet source with a deflector

We suggest a method to solve one of the model problems of aerohydrodynamics, namely, a problem of a flow about a point source, from which a fluid with density and total pressure, different from the corresponding values in the incoming flow enters. The calculations are carried out for various values of the determining parameter; and the data are compared with the known results. We revealed the advantages of the suggested method in comparison with the known ones.     

Impact of a cavitation bubble on a wall

Impulse action of a cavitation bubble on a rigid wall is studied depending on the distance between them. We determine the distances at which the periphery pressure maximums on a wall are preserved as well as the distances at which these maximums exceed the water hammer pressure.     

Relativistic Energy-Momentum of a Body with a Finite Volume

The problem of energy-momentum in a body with a finite volume has been causing confusion in the theory of relativity, especially in relativistic thermodynamics. Its correct understanding has been given since the early years of relativity, however, erroneous misunderstandings are still found in papers and textbooks to this date. The present paper introduces a simple paradox to demonstrate the problem, and gives a brief review on a way to handle the energy-momentum correctly.     

直升机起落架的集成计算

直升机起落架常规计算包括停机状态计算及减缩质量计算、静态性能计算及主、尾起落架的着陆性能计算.要完成这些计算需要整机及起落架的诸多数据.在研制过程中,为了获得最优的设计,需要对起落架的各参数进行不断调整,对计算结果进行反复分析和比较,计算量较大,数据处理较为繁复耗时.详细阐述如何采用Excel和Matlab对起落架的常规计算进行集成.为完成一种直升机起落架的常规计算,采用该集成方法,编制了2000余行的M代码.在惠普Z800计算机平台下运行,耗时400余秒即可完成所有相关计算.输入输出的数据存储在同一Excel文件,文件中各项参数和计算结果数据可直接用于查阅、校对、分析,也可再编辑.