自旋稳定的末级固体运载火箭的轨道设计与计算

本文给出了人造卫星运载火箭在末级为自旋稳定的固体火箭情况下,末级轨道的设计方法和扰动轨道的计算公式。并对火箭运动的动力学方程组的形式进行了探讨。提出了在末级火箭工作期间内哥氏惯性力矩的一种计算方法,提出了火箭相对速度大地方位角和相对速度方向角的精确计算公式,可用于精确的轨道设计与计算。     

一阶扩展差分方法在测站GPS时间误差修正中的应用

分析了全球定位系统（简称GPS）时间测量原理、时间测定误差和差分误差消除模型,给出了在航天测控站两套GPS授时系统应用一阶差分方法,即站间单差定位方法,减小误差,提高时间准确度的思路方法,并提出了多站站间单差定位的一阶扩展差分模型。该模型可以用来获取测站多套GPS授时系统的精确时间和任意2个系统时钟同步误差比对。     

卫星地面站天线仰角与方位角的高精度诺谟图

根据地面站址位置与静止卫星的定点位置所给出的站仰角和方位角公式,分析了纬度以及经度差的变化状况,绘出了仰角和方位角基值的诺谟图。本诺谟图对南、北半球地面站均适用。与计算值相比可知,诺谟图所得数据能保证0.1°或更高的精度。     

三点差分GPS定向方位引入方法研究

提出了一种三点差分GPS定向方位引入方法，实现了方位角的引入。阐述了该方法的原理和应用设备，进行了误差分析，并通过比对试验，验证了方法的正确性和可行性。     

iGPS测量不确定度空间分布分析方法

针对iGPS实际测量现场的快速评估与布局优化问题,研究了iGPS测量不确定度空间分布规律.给出了iGPS测量模型,据此建立了iGPS测量不确定度通用两站分析模型,进一步提出了基于两站模型变换的测量不确定度空间分布分析方法,并根据发射器覆盖范围进行了修正.该方法适用于发射器为任意数目与空间布局的iGPS测量环境,可用于计算iGPS测量环境中任一空间点的测量不确定度.构建了iGPS两站与四站实际测量环境,并进行了数值仿真计算与实际测量偏差对比.结果表明,两者数据吻合良好,该iGPS测量不确定度空间分布分析方法能有效描述iGPS测量不确定度空间分布规律.      

太阳电池阵展开运动的数学模拟

分析了太阳电池阵的展开运动过程,并根据力学原理建立了模拟太阳电池阵展开运动规律的数学模型.根据某型卫星的数据,进行了地面模拟展开过程计算,并给出了模拟计算和地面展开运动试验的比较.结果表明,这一简化的模型和数值方法对于刚性太阳电池阵展开运动模拟的可行性.     

卫星全景象片的几何校正

本文给出了卫星全景相片的几何校正模型。该模型由三部分组成:1.推导了卫星全景相片的几何校正模型;2.给出了计算卫星姿态运动和卫星轨道运动的计算公式;3.用系统辨识方法估算卫星姿态运动公式。     

霍尔推力器羽流对太阳翼的溅射影响规律

霍尔推力器羽流对太阳翼的溅射作用是影响翼板工作性能、卫星供能稳定性的重要因素。为深入研究霍尔推力器羽流在不同布置工况下对太阳翼的溅射影响规律,采用单元粒子/直接蒙特卡洛碰撞模型（PIC/DSMC）求解羽流等离子体的输运过程,其中对离子的扩散作用采用基于菲克定律的求解模型,并以Yamamura溅射模型来求解等离子体对太阳翼表面的溅射产额。为验证修正扩散模型后的算法精度,在真空舱内开展羽流诊断试验,以试验与计算结果的对比来修正扩散经验参数以及验证计算精度。试验结果表明,在扩散系数kd=126×10-36N·m4时,该模型计算误差在87%左右。在此基础上,对不同的推力器方位角、推力器与翼板距离工况,开展羽流对太阳翼的溅射产额计算。计算结果给出太阳翼表面溅射分布随方位角、距离增加的依变规律,并进行了相关透光率影响程度的讨论,可对推力器的星上布置提供参考依据。     

一种新的GPS星座选择算法

在分析星座高度角和方位角对GPS定位误差影响的基础上,提出了一种新的最佳选星算法。理论分析和仿真结果表明：采用该方法选星作导航定位计算的误差和速度均优于以搜索4颗卫星组合的最小几何误差因子为计算准则的常规选星方法,且具有简单实用、工程易实现等优点,具有较强的适应性。     

GPS掩星探测天线相位中心的校准

GPS天线是GPS接收系统的关键部件,它的性能特点直接影响GPS信号的有效接收.天线相位中心的变化直接影响GPS伪距和载波相位观测量的测量.而且,相位中心并不是固定的,它会随不同的来波方向发生移动.为了更好地满足一些高精度的需要,相位中心的变化量在解算时必须被考虑进去.本文讨论了一种GPS天线相位中心的校准方法,利用微波暗室测量出不同方位角和不同俯仰角的相位方向图,即可解算出不同来波方向天线相位中心点的精确位置.对自主研制的双频GPS天线相位中心进行了测定,在仰角±75°范围内,其相位中心变化4mm以内.      

差分 GPS 鉴定地基雷达测量系统精度的方法研究

提出了利用差分ＧＰＳ分析地面雷测系统跟踪误差的思想,详细分析了各种误差源,建立了一组简洁的差分ＧＰＳ模型,构造了测量数据的比对分析算法以及具有良好抗野值能力的误差偏差最优统计算法,并利用模拟数据进行了仿真计算     

Seismic deformation of the Mw 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from high-rate GPS observations

High-rate GPS positioning has been recognized as a powerful tool in estimating epoch-wise station displacement which is particularly useful for seismology. In this study, station displacements during the 12 May 2008 M_w 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake are derived from the 1-Hz GPS data collected at a set of stations in China. The impacts of integer ambiguity resolution and station environment-dependent effects are investigated in order to yield more accurate results. The position accuracy of horizontal components of better than 1 cm suggests that GPS can sense the rapid position oscillation of about 2 cm in amplitude. Temporal and spatial analysis is applied to the surface displacement at station XANY and the characteristics of the movements due to Rayleigh and Love waves are detected and discussed. The comparison of GPS-derived displacement with relevant synthetic data computed based on a recently published rapture model shows a reasonable agreement in waveform. The various differences in amplitude need further investigation and also imply that rapture inversion might be improved if GPS-derived displacement is assimilated.     

对空间碎片近距随遇悬停的控制方法及悬停燃耗分析

对空间碎片检视或抓捕操控中的悬停控制及燃耗问题进行了研究。通过C W方程，建立任务星近距随遇定点悬停控制模型，通过设计状态反馈控制器分析定点悬停的可控性以及推控要求，结果表明近距悬停需要与悬停位置相关的两个正交方向上的常值连续推力控制量，以及用于抵抗扰动的三轴向上的反馈变推力控制量。分析了近距随遇悬停的推控分系统配置，建立了长时近距随遇悬停的燃耗及燃耗速率的数学模型，最后分析了既满足安全距离需求、又满足悬停方位需求的最小悬停燃耗模型。     

Using only observation station data for PPP ambiguity resolution by UPD estimation

This article proposes a new method for uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation to improve the accuracy of precise point positioning (PPP), which uses only observation station data. This means that the station used to generate the UPDs is the same station to which they are applied. First, dual-frequency observation equations based on a raw PPP model are developed. Then, the UPDs are calculated from integer linear combinations of float ambiguities. Third, with the UPD corrections, the least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) method is utilized to obtain the integer ambiguities. Since only observation station data are used for UPD estimation, the partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) method is adopted to increase the possibility of finding a subset of integer ambiguities. The UPD estimation and ambiguity resolution are performed in each epoch. To obtain the correct integer ambiguity, the ratio test and success rate (bootstrapping) are used to evaluate the estimated integer ambiguity. Finally, by treating the integer ambiguities as constants, fixed solutions can be obtained. Quality control is also applied throughout the entire data processing procedure to obtain high quality float and fixed solutions. Data from 22 stations of the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) in East Asia on day of year (DOY) 206, 2017, are used to verify the feasibility of this method. The experimental results show that compared with the float solution, the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy in the east, north and up directions by 24%, 21% and 18% for static PPP and 36%, 18% and 34% for dynamic PPP, respectively. However, the accuracy of the proposed method is still lower than that of the fixed solutions obtained by the PRIDE-PPPAR software, in which the fractional cycle bias is computed based on reference network data. These findings sufficiently show that the proposed method can offer better solution accuracy than the float solution. However, the quality of the UPDs estimated only from observation station data is not as good as that of the estimates obtained based on reference network data.     

A regional tropospheric model for airborne GPS applications

A regional tropospheric model can be constructed using surveys from GPS ground networks. Using this model the tropospheric delays of a kinematic station within the region can be interpolated. However, such a model is generally not suitable for an airborne platform high above the ground networks. In this paper, a method of constructing a regional tropospheric model for airborne GPS applications is described. First, the kinematic station in the air is projected onto the ground. Then the tropospheric delays at projected point are interpolated from those of the ground networks. Finally, the tropospheric delays at projected point are extended upward to the airborne platform using pressure and temperature gradients and humidity exponential function. For validation of this method, the data of airborne campaign carried out by BKG in cooperation with GFZ and BGR 2008 in the northern Alps are used. The results show that GPS kinematic positioning precision in height component can be improved using this method.     

基于电推力器进行南北位置保持的一种地球同步轨道注入参数方法

摘要： 电推力器在静止轨道卫星上应用越来越广泛,特别是基于电推力器进行南北位置保持,可以有效节省推进剂.提出改进的GPS星历参数解析算法,在此基础上考虑包含电推力模型在内多摄动项模型进行地面精密轨道计算,采用微分修正法,提出一种地球同步轨道注入参数方法,该方法可应用于星上自主完成基于电推力器的南北位置保持.仿真算例表明使用该方法得到的轨道注入参数,卫星能够在保证姿态确定精度的同时,完成南北位置保持任务.     

Performance analysis of PPP ambiguity resolution with UPD products estimated from different scales of reference station networks

Integer ambiguity fixing with uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) products can significantly shorten the initialization time and improve the accuracy of precise point positioning (PPP). Since the tracking arcs of satellites and the behavior of atmospheric biases can be very different for the reference networks with different scales, the qualities of corresponding UPD products may be also various. The purpose of this paper is to comparatively investigate the influence of different scales of reference station networks on UPD estimation and user ambiguity resolution. Three reference station networks with global, wide-area and local scales are used to compute the UPD products and analyze their impact on the PPP-AR. The time-to-first-fix, the unfix rate and the incorrect fix rate of PPP-AR are analyzed. Moreover, in order to further shorten the convergence time for obtaining precise positioning, a modified partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) and corresponding validation strategy are presented. In this PAR method, the ambiguity subset is determined by removing the ambiguity one by one in the order of ascending elevations. Besides, for static positioning mode, a coordinate validation strategy is employed to enhance the reliability of the fixed coordinate. The experiment results show that UPD products computed by smaller station network are more accurate and lead to a better coordinate solution; the PAR method used in this paper can shorten the convergence time and the coordinate validation strategy can improve the availability of high precision positioning.     

Using GPS-TEC data to calibrate VTEC computed with the IRI model over Nigeria

This paper presents the development of a Total Electron Content (TEC) map for the Nigerian ionosphere. In this work, TEC measurements obtained from the AFRL-SCINDA GPS (Air Force Research Laboratory-Scintillation Network Decision Aid, Global Positioning System) equipment installed at Nsukka (6.87°N, 7.38°E) are used to adapt the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model for the Nigerian Ionosphere. The map is being developed as a computer program (implemented in the MATLAB programming language) that shows spatial and temporal representations of TEC for the Nigerian ionosphere. The method is aimed at showing how the IRI model can be used to estimate VTEC over wide areas by incorporating GPS measurements. This method is validated by using GPS VTEC data collected from a station in Ilorin (8.50°N, 4.55°E).     

卫星不足情况下低成本MEMS-INS/GPS伪松组合导航

为了解决GPS可观测卫星不足情况下低成本微电子机械-惯性导航系统/全球定位系统（MEMS-INS/GPS）组合导航精度维持问题,提出基于灰色模型和自适应卡尔曼滤波的MEMS-INS/GPS伪松组合导航方法。以MEMS-INS/GPS松组合导航模式为框架,建立了伪松组合导航系统的状态空间模型。基于MEMS-INS/GPS的历史观测数据,使用灰色模型对MEMSINS/GPS观测差值进行预测,称为系统伪观测量。当GPS可观测卫星充分时,使用噪声自适应估计卡尔曼滤波对MEMS-INS/GPS进行松组合导航;当GPS可观测卫星不足时,使用噪声自适应估计卡尔曼滤波依据系统伪观测量,将MEMS-INS/GPS进行伪松组合导航。以车载低成本MEMSINS/GPS组合导航系统为例进行仿真和实验验证,结果表明：当GPS可观测卫星不足时,传统的MEMS-INS/GPS松组合导航精度迅速下降并发散,而MEMS-INS/GPS伪松组合导航精度与GPS正常工作时的导航精度相差不大,维持了较高精度的导航状态。