我院建成航空卫星通信实验地球站

在世界范围内实现新的通信、导航和监视／空中交通管理，能改善空中交通服务，减少运营费用和提高飞行安全等。中国民航学院建成航空卫星移动通信实验地球站，为研究新航行系统、试验自动相关监视等，创造了良好条件     

基于本体的空管系统防护分析研究与应用

由于空管工作任务的特殊性,对安全要求很高.为了提升空管系统防护水平,提出了一种基于本体的空管系统防护分析方法.基于防护性质的不同,将系统防护分为预防性防护、恢复性防护和事故减轻性防护,建立了空管系统防护模型.根据空管系统防护模型构建了空管系统防护本体,并自定义推理语句,实现空管系统防护分析的智能化.最后以乌伯林根空难为例详细说明了空管系统防护分析过程,并编写软件加以实现,验证了方法的有效性和可行性.     

The flying object: a flight data management concept

The drive for greater cost-effectiveness and improved safety/security in an environment of increasing air movements calls for improved availability of accurate and consistent flight data to stakeholder systems. Studies conducted by EUROCONTROL in 2001-2003 indicate significant levels of inconsistency between flight data available to aircraft operators, air traffic control (ATC), air traffic flow management (ATFM), airports and military systems, causing unnecessary workload, inefficient use of resources, and unnecessary delays. Eurocontrol's new flight data interoperability concept is intended to resolve this problem. Having passed through the initial feasibility phase, this concept is now entering the development phase, in which it will become the basis for the development of a draft interoperability standard to be used in Europe for the specifications of new flight data processing systems deployed from 2007 onwards, and potentially to be proposed to the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) for global standardisation.     

What is System Wide Information Management (SWIM)?

System wide information management (SWIM) has been identified by the FAA as a key enabler for the next generation air traffic system (NGATS). Boeing has been working with the FAA since 2004 to define the role of SWIM within the framework of the existing and envisioned set of national airspace system (NAS) communications systems and air traffic operations. SWIM, as an information management infrastructure, in effect creates a "system of systems" of existing (and new) systems (or software applications, or simply applications) interacting through SWIM services. Describing SWIM in such a context is only fruitful when adopting the point of view of each person based on their role and perspective of airspace operations, be they a user, an application developed, or a SWIM implemented. This paper describes the current vision of SWIM from multiple viewpoints (operational, functional, physical) in an attempt to provide a broad perspective of SWIM to a technical audience of mixed backgrounds     

Is the need for a new ATM operational concept a strategic necessity?

We must face the fact that conventional methods of air traffic management (ATM) that have served us well cannot continue to cope indefinitely. We need-therefore, to decide what the new operational concept should be and agree on the transition path. Air traffic management is the term we apply today to the totality of the activities involved in the handling of air traffic. The quest for a new concept led to what was first called "free flight," an idea that has, in the meantime, acquired some notoriety and is today more commonly referred to in Europe as "air/ground cooperative ATS." Simply put, the original free flight concept, stipulated that given the right on-board equipment (display of traffic information, conflict detection, and resolution tools) aircraft could navigate and avoid each other completely on their own, without the need for ATC. That a new ATM operational concept will be needed to take the industry further by the time traditional methods run out of potential is difficult to question. Equally clear is that the only new concept available is free flight a.k.a. air/ground cooperative ATS.     

基于组合赋权的空管系统安全风险物元评价

空管系统的安全风险状况对航空运输安全运营有直接的影响。综合考虑空管系统安全运行管理的特点,构建空管系统安全风险的评价指标体系;应用欧几里得距离函数对空管系统安全风险评价指标进行组合赋权,确定空管系统安全风险评价指标的组合权重;引入物元分析方法建立空管系统安全风险评价物元模型,并进行实例验证。结果表明:物元分析方法能够评估空管系统整体的安全风险状况,得到了各个评价指标的安全风险状况,有助于采取针对性的有效措施提高空管部门的安全风险管理水平。     

Communication System Architecture for Air Traffic Management and Weather Information Dissemination

The authors present the communication system architecture for air traffic management and weather information dissemination as viewed within the context of the overall National Airspace System (NAS) and the services it provides. This presents the architecture in the 2015 time frame when the final phases of transition take place from analog voice to digital data exchange of common data via integrated networks. The results of this transition are an integrated collection of systems and procedures that efficiently use the capacity of the NAS while balancing access to all user classes and maintaining the highest levels of safety. Efficient collaboration among users is built on a foundation of common data. This information base provides common situational awareness to all participants. All users are accommodated and will receive benefits commensurate with equipage level. This architecture development provides a technical framework for decision-making, research, and analysis of communication technologies     

Identifying and managing risks of AI-driven operations: A case study of automatic speech recognition for improving air traffic safety

In this work, the primary focus is to identify potential technical risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven operations for the safety monitoring of the air traffic from the perspective of speech communication by studying the representative case and evaluating user experience. The case study is performed to evaluate the AI-driven techniques and applications using objective metrics, in which several risks and technical facts are obtained to direct future research. Considering the safety–critical specificities of the air traffic control system, a comprehensive subjective evaluation is conducted to collect user experience by a well-designed anonymous questionnaire and a face-to-face interview. In this procedure, the potential risks obtained from the case study are confirmed, and the impacts on human working are considered. Both the case study and the evaluation of user experience provide compatible results and conclusions: (A) the proposed solution is promising to improve the traffic safety and reduce the workload by detecting potential risks in advance; (B) the AI-driven techniques and whole diagram are suggested to be enhanced to eliminate the possible distraction to the attention of air traffic controllers. Finally, a variety of strategies and approaches are discussed to explore their capability to advance the proposed solution to industrial practices.     

基于复杂网络的空中交通特征与延误传播分析

空中交通流量管理主要集中在尾随间隔、空中等待等局部战术空中交通流量调配,对空中交通流量整体运行规律、延误传播和整体解决的研究较少。航空运输网络是一个复杂系统,从复杂网络理论角度对航空运输网络进行研究很有必要。首先,分析了空中交通流量网络的度、度分布、权值、权分布、流量、容量、延误等静态特征;然后,提出了空中交通流量网络整体效能评估方法,使用选择性攻击和随机攻击方法分析了空中交通流量网络的抗毁性,基于负荷容量级联失效模型和病毒传播模型与空中交通延误传播的相似性建立了空中交通延误传播模型,最后,使用实际运行数据验证了空中交通流量网络的特征与延误传播模型的有效性,该研究可以为大范围空中流量管理提供决策支持。     

空管中带班主任管理模式研究

通过对中国空中交通管制中带班主任管理模式研究，提出了适用于该管理模式的权变-行为混合管理模型。采用对比研究方法，分析了传统的权变管理模型、行为管理模型等当今流行管理学理论和模型，从而提出了权变-行为混合管理模型。通过一线带班主任的反馈，能够最大限度调动发挥全班组人员的主观能动性和积极性，合理地组织人力、物力，从而预防和消除人为差错，提高管制工作效率。     

机场飞行区资源调度问题研究(一)：基本概念与框架

世界航空运输系统的一体化、协同化和智能化发展对机场飞行区资源调度精细化管理和空中交通运行高效化管控提出了高要求。本文聚焦机场飞行区资源调度的基本概念与框架问题,是飞行区资源调度问题研究系列之一。从国际公约、理论研究和行业规范视角界定飞行区的基本概念,分析飞行区的一般运行过程和资源调度内涵。对飞行区资源调度体系涉及的理论方法、系统工具、管理机制等要素及逻辑关系进行系统总结。研究成果旨在为机场运行管理理论与应用的可持续发展提供科学指引。     

Concepts of user centered automation

The accident statistics of large technical systems have been steadily improved during the last decades. Also the number of fatal accidents in air and surface transportation is decreasing in spite off increased traffic. However, the relative share of so called human errors is increasing across application areas. Hence, for further improved reliability, the functional integration of humans in such systems must be reconsidered. Since the user, in the long run, will not and should not be eliminated by computers this paper reviews basic requirements of a human centered automation. Following an analysis of generic system functions, human factors requirements for automated functions are defined. It is shown how manual functions can be supported by assistance functions, for which a general system architecture and a classification scheme are presented.     

Evaluation of conflict-resolution policies on controller taskload

In an effort to maintain safety while satisfying growing air traffic demand, air navigation service providers are considering the inclusion of advisory systems to identify potential conflicts and propose resolution commands for the air traffic controller to verify and issue to aircraft. To understand the potential workload implications of introducing advisory conflict-detection and resolution tools, this paper examines a metric of controller taskload: how many resolution commands an air traffic controller issues under the guidance of an advisory system. Through a simulation study, the research presented here evaluates how the underlying protocol of a conflict-resolution tool affects the controller taskload (system demands) associated with the conflict-resolution process, and implicitly the controller workload (physical and psychological demands). Ultimately, evidence indicates that there is significant flexibility in the design of conflict-resolution algorithms supporting an advisory system.     

基于时钟驱动的循环调度

实时系统,诸如航空电子系统、空中交通控制系统(Air Traffic Control: ATC)等,从本质上说都是一种分布式实时系统,从理论上说,它们由三种类型的处理器组成,包括数据控制处理器、数据传输处理器和数据处理器.无论是数据控制处理器和数据处理器的数据计算任务,还是数据传输处理器的数据传输任务,它们的执行都必须满足任务的时间约束要求,从而正确完成系统设计的各项应用任务.本文将描述基于时钟驱动的循环调度策略,它不仅适用于对数据计算任务的实时调度,也适用于对数据传输任务的实时调度,最后,分析了此调度策略应用中存在的优势与劣势.     

基于多目标算法的空中作战任务规划框架研究

空中作战任务规划是一项复杂的任务,随着空中作战飞行器的种类、数量及其之间交互性的增加,任务规划也变得越来越复杂。任务规划人员必须在有限的时间内制定出最优的任务分配策略。决策支持工具可以辅助任务规划人员找到最优的规划方案。介绍了设计多目标进化算法以及在空中作战任务规划领域的框架和工作流程,具体的任务包括空中打击动态目标的定位问题和情报监视侦察（ISR）任务规划。总结了这些研究的经验教训,探讨了未来可能的发展方向。     

空中交通复杂性研究进展

空中交通复杂性是空中交通态势的本质属性，是空中交通管制工作负荷的主要驱动因素。空中交通复杂性的科学评价是实现空中交通精细化管理的关键，也是当前空管领域研究热点。本文介绍了国内外空中交通复杂性的研究团队，梳理了空中交通复杂性与工作负荷、安全水平等相互之间的区别和联系，并详细分析了现有研究的具体研究路线。在分析新一代空中交通管理系统特征的基础上，对空中交通复杂性的未来研究趋势和方向进行了展望。     

基于复杂性的六边形扇区驶入问题研究

为解决飞机穿越扇区边界飞行时存在局部复杂性上升的问题，在未来航空统一化管理的前提下，使用六边形的扇区理想化模型，并针对六边形扇区的几何特性及驶入飞机与扇区内飞机的相对位置、速度关系，提出了飞机在驶入六边形扇区时的空中交通复杂性模型。根据构建的空中交通复杂性模型，进行了复杂性分布图的计算，为飞机选择驶入扇区的位置、航向提供了参考依据。     

空中交通仿真中的航空器对象设计与实现

介绍了面向对象技术在空中交通的计算机仿真中的应用,重点研究了航空器对象的属性和方法的设计与实现,并对面向对象技术在程序管制模拟、空中交通流量管理系统中的应用给出了评价。     

TBO模式下终端区进场交通流优化模型与仿真分析

持续增长的交通需求量和日趋饱和的可用空域资源促使未来空中交通管理向基于航迹运行（TBO）的精细化管理模式转变。在TBO概念的基础上，依据目前繁忙机场终端区常见进场航线结构，提出了对应TBO模式下的截点直飞方式与融合点方式进场交通流优化模型，并以法国戴高乐机场终端区为例，构建了仿真运行环境。基于实际飞行计划与雷达记录轨迹模拟生成了航空器四维航迹，而后运用上述2种模型对进场交通流进行了优化，根据仿真结果对特定交通流参数展开了对比分析。研究结果表明，模型可通过航迹选择、时隙分配、顺序交换及动态间隔等方式有效化解终端区内潜在的航空器冲突并保持交通流安全高效运行，同时在一定程度上揭示了TBO模式下交通流的部分运行特性，为以四维航迹为核心的未来空中交通管理策略提供了理论支持。