Effects of Different Molten-salt on the Synthesis of Hexagonal Barium Ferrite

Hexagonal-plate BaFe12O19 nano-particles were prepared by combining the co-precipitation and molten-salt method. The effects of molten-salt NaCl on the products have been compared with those of KCl. The X-ray diffraction analysis,the environment scanning electron microscopy and the vibrating sample magnetometer were used to measure their characteristics. The results show that the mol-ten-salt KCl is helpful to obtain pure phase while the molten-salt NaCl will prompt the crystallinity of particles to increase. It is also found that, given the molten-salt of NaCl and that of KCl of the same quantity, the particles formed are also the same size. The size of particles slightly increases as the quantity of the salt increases. Moreover, the sample prepared under 200% NaCl salt system has mag-netization of 71.5 emu/g.     

Initial corrosion behavior and mechanism of 7B04 aluminum alloy under acid immersion and salt spray environments

The initial corrosion behavior and mechanism of 7B04 aluminum alloy under acid immersion and salt spray environments（pH = 3.5） are studied by Scanning Electron Microscope（SEM）, optical microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy（FT-IR）, X-Ray Diffraction（XRD）, potentiodynamic polarization, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy（EIS）, and Scanning Kelvin Probe（SKP）. The results show that pitting corrosion occurs at the initial corrosion stage, and the potential difference between the seco...     

纳米CeO2粉体的制备及其发光性能研究

以氨水和硝酸铈为反应原料,采用沉淀滴定法制备了纳米CeO2粉体,通过XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对其进行了结构表征和形貌分析;考察了不同溶剂、煅烧温度等对其颗粒尺寸的影响;应用荧光光谱法测试了其发光光谱,首次探讨了纳米CeO2粉体的发光性能。结果表明,前驱体经过300～700℃煅烧后可以得到颗粒尺寸为4-30nm的立方萤石结构CeO2晶体,其形貌接近于球形。在无水乙醇溶剂中得到的纳米CeO2颗粒分散较好,其颗粒尺寸随煅烧温度的升高而增大。纳米CeO2粉体具有良好的蓝光发光性能,在276nm的激发波长作用下,其发射光谱的最大峰值为473nm。     

7B04铝合金在模拟海洋大气环境下的腐蚀行为

海洋大气环境下铝合金的腐蚀本质上是薄液膜下的电化学腐蚀,与本体溶液中的腐蚀有很大不同,腐蚀速率与薄液膜的厚度及成分有关。建立并实验验证了薄液膜厚度、大气相对湿度和铝合金表面盐沉积量3者之间的关系,研究7B04铝合金在不同厚度和不同Na Cl浓度薄液膜下的电化学性能。结果表明,薄液膜下7B04铝合金的自然腐蚀电位较本体溶液中更容易达到稳定,且电位更正,自然腐蚀速率更大;液膜厚度减小,7B04铝合金阴极极化电流密度增加,阳极反应受到抑制;薄液膜中Na Cl浓度升高,7B04铝合金的自然腐蚀电位降低,腐蚀速率上升,而阴阳极极化过程受Na Cl浓度变化影响不大,当Na Cl质量分数达到5%后,自然腐蚀电位基本不再变化。     

熔盐泵外特性及内部流动的试验及数值模拟

为了揭示熔盐泵内两相流动的规律,研究了熔盐泵试验方法,得到了熔盐泵的外特性.采用粒子成像测速（PIV）技术测量了蜗舌附近熔盐泵内流动,并对熔盐泵内两相流动进行了非定常数值模拟,阐述了试验结果与模拟结果之间的差别,获得了晶体颗粒在熔盐泵内的体积分数分布,并分析了其演化规律.结果表明:熔盐泵内晶体颗粒体积分数分布较稳定,颗粒集中于叶片吸力面附近.粒径对颗粒在叶轮流道内的积聚影响比较大,粒径越大,颗粒积聚越明显.熔盐泵出口静压周期性波动,波动幅度受叶轮内颗粒体积分数分布影响.      

Al/高氯酸铵复合粒子的制备及其性能表征

用溶剂-非溶剂法制备了Al/高氯酸铵(AP)复合粒子，并用TEM，SEM，XRD和ICP对其进行了表征。首先对复合粒子的热分析进行了DTA测定，并用相同比例的简单混合物来作对比；然后选用三组推进剂样品进行DTA测定，在每组样品中分别选用添加有Al/AP复合粒子和纯Al粉来作对比。结果表明，将Al粉与AP进行复合处理后，Al粉对AP的热分解有了一定的催化作用，而相同比例的Al粉和AP简单混合物中，Al粉对AP的热分解无明显催化作用；与加有纯Al粉的推进剂样品相比较，添加有Al/AP复合粒子的推进剂样品高温分解峰温降低，总放热量大大提高。这表明Al粉与AP的复合处理能显著提高AP与推进剂的热分解性能。     

GH4096合金固溶冷却方式对性能和残余应力的影响

为了在保证GH4096合金主要力学性能的前提下,降低薄壁类零件用锻件的内部残余应力,提高零件加工过程的尺寸控制精度,研究空冷,风冷,油冷,盐浴等固溶冷却方式对GH4096合金环锻件析出相的尺寸和形貌、主要力学性能和内部残余应力的影响。结果表明:与采用传统油冷的试件相比,空冷试件的二次、三次γ′相较为粗大,蠕变性能和高温拉伸性能有较大幅度的降低,风冷试件的二次γ′相尺寸略有增大,三次γ′相尺寸相当,蠕变性能和拉伸性能有小幅降低,盐浴冷却试件的二次、三次γ′相尺寸相当,蠕变性能和拉伸性能相差较小。采用风冷的试件内部残余应力可控制在±100 MPa以内,比油冷和盐浴冷却的试件降低50%以上。GH4096合金环件固溶处理冷却方式采用风冷与传统的油冷和盐浴冷却方法相比,可以明显降低锻件内部残余应力,蠕变和高温拉伸等性能只有小幅降低,有助于改善GH4096合金薄壁零件冷加工过程的变形问题,提高尺寸控制精度。     

无机粒子对石墨烯微片／环氧树脂复合材料导电性能的影响

以 KNG-CZ030石墨烯（graphene nanoplatelets,GNPs）为导电填料,环氧树脂（E-54）为聚合物基体,2-乙基-4甲基咪唑（2,4-EMI）为固化剂,采用溶液混合和超声分散的方法制备导电复合材料。通过添加无机粒子（NaCl, TiO2）,研究了无机粒子对石墨烯微片分散均匀性的影响以及对 GNPs ／E-54复合材料导电性能的影响。实验结果表明：加入 NaCl 和 TiO2提高了石墨烯微片在基体中的分散性,降低了复合材料室温体积电阻率,即提高了导电性能;NaCl ／GNPs ／E-54和 TiO2／GNPs ／E-54复合材料室温体积电阻率为106Ω·m 时,石墨烯质量分数分别为0．75％和0．73％,与未添加无机粒子的 GNPs ／E-54复合材料质量分数0．97％相比有所降低。     

Preparation of bimodal grain size 7075 aviation aluminum alloys and their corrosion properties

The bimodal grain size metals show improved strength and ductility compared to traditional metals; however, their corrosion properties are unknown. In order to evaluate the corrosion properties of these metals, the bimodal grain size 7075 aviation aluminum alloys containing different ratios of coarse(100 μm in diameter) and fine(10 μm in diameter) grains were prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS). The effects of grain size as well as the mixture degree of coarse and fine grains on general corrosion were estimated by immersion tests, electrochemical measurements and complementary techniques such as scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope-energy disperse spectroscopy(TEM-EDS). The results show that, compared to fine grains, the coarse grains have a faster dissolution rate in acidic NaCl solution due to the bigger size,higher alloying elements content and larger area fraction of second phases in them. In coarse grains,the hydrogen ions have a faster reduction rate on cathodic second phases, therefore promoting the corrosion propagation. The mixture of coarse and fine grains also increases the electrochemical heterogeneity of alloys in micro-scale, and thus the increased mixture degree of these grains in metal matrix accelerates the corrosion rate of alloys in acidic NaCl solution.     

TiAl合金粉末射频等离子体球化过程数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法对TiAl合金粉末的射频(radio frequency)等离子体球化过程进行研究,分析速度场和温度场对不同粒径TiAl合金粉末的运动轨迹及质量变化的影响。结果表明:粉体颗粒在等离子体的高温作用下温度急剧升高,表面蒸发导致粒径降低,太小的颗粒很快蒸发消失掉;在冷却塔下端,不同粒径颗粒的运动轨迹存在较大差异,小颗粒倾向于随气流进入气流出口,大颗粒落到冷却塔底部被收集;增大气流量会提高球化系统中的气流速度,导致在气流出口能被气流带走的颗粒粒径变大,收粉率降低;模拟得到TiAl合金粉末球化后的粉末粒径分布、平均粒径及收粉率等参数与实验结果比较接近,模型能够较好地符合实际球化过程。     

Experimental studies on the burning of coated and uncoated micro and nano-sized aluminium particles

Two different approaches are used in this work to reduce the burning times of aluminium particles with the ultimate goal to improve the performances of solid propellants. One method is to coat the micro-sized particles by nickel, and the second is to decrease the particle sizes to nano-metric scales.A thin coating of Ni on the surface of Al particles can prevent their agglomeration and at the same time facilitates their ignition, thus increasing the efficiency of aluminized propellants. In this work, ignition and burning of single Ni-coated Al particles are investigated using an electrodynamic levitation setup and laser heating of the particles. The levitation experiments are used to measure the particle ignition delay time and burning time at different Ni contents in the particles.Decreasing the size of Al particles increases their specific surface, and hence decreases the burning time of the same mass of particles. In this investigation, a cloud of Al nano-particles formed in a combustion tube is ignited by an electric spark. The cloud experiments are used to measure comparative flame front propagation velocities for different Al particle sizes with and without organic coating.The results and their analysis show that both methods reduce the Al burning time. Ni coating reduces significantly the ignition time of micro-sized Al particles and hence the total burning time compared to non-coated particles. Nano-sized particle clouds burn faster than micro-sized Al particle clouds.     

2198和5A90铝锂合金脉冲阳极氧化膜制备及耐蚀性

在18%(质量分数,下同)H_2SO_4+5%C_2H_2O_4水溶液中,采用脉冲(PC)电流对2198和5A90两种铝锂合金进行阳极氧化处理。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察铝锂合金阳极氧化膜表面和截面形貌;用能谱仪(EDS)对其成分进行面扫描和线扫描;用动电位极曲线检测氧化膜在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的耐蚀性。结果表明:2198和5A90铝锂合金阳极氧化膜主要由Al的氧化物组成;2198合金氧化膜表面存在细小颗粒,厚度约为150μm;5A90合金氧化膜表面存在微孔,为后续封孔处理提供结构条件,厚度约为180μm;用脉冲方法在两种铝锂合金表面生成的较厚阳极氧化膜具有较高的耐蚀性。     

Quickest detection for sequential decentralized decision systems

Quickest detection procedures are techniques used to detect sudden or abrupt changes (also called disorders) in the statistics of a random process. The goal is to determine as soon as possible that the change occurred, while at the same time minimizing the chance of falsely signaling the occurrence of a disorder before the change. In this work the distributed quickest detection problem when the disorder occurs at an unknown time is considered. The distributed local detectors utilize a simple summing device and threshold comparator, with a binary decision at the output. At the fusion center, the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) procedure is analyzed and compared with the more practical Page procedure for quickest detection. It is shown that the two procedures have practically equivalent performance. For the important case of unknown disorder magnitudes, a version of the Hinkley procedure is also examined. Next, a simple method for choosing the thresholds of the local detectors based on an asymptotic performance measure is presented. The problem of selecting the local thresholds usually requires optimizing a constrained set of nonlinear equations; our method admits a separable problem, leading to straightforward calculations. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the resulting threshold settings are optimal for practical purposes. The issue of which sample size to use for the local detectors is investigated, and the tradeoff between decision delay and communication cost is evaluated. For strong signals, it is shown that the relative performance deteriorates as the sample size increases, that is, as the system cost decreases. Surprisingly, for the weak signal case, lowering the system cost (increasing the sample size) does not necessarily result in a degradation of performance     

新型固态纳米团簇NaXe在核磁共振中的量子尺寸效应

介绍了从体材料、薄膜(面材料)至量子点材料的发展。讨论了纳米材料中量子尺寸效应的重要意义。在实验中,用Xe离子注入NaCl微晶的方法,获得了尺寸小于80 nm的新型固态纳米团簇NaXe,测得了这种新型纳米材料在核磁共振中化学位移的量子尺寸效应。     

纳米锑颗粒的制备及其分散性研究

采用电化学方法电沉积制得不同形貌及粒径的纳米锑颗粒,并在制备过程中使用OP-10对纳米锑颗粒表面进行了原位改性.通过TEM、XRD、FTIR等方法对纳米锑颗粒的形态、物相和包覆效果进行表征.结果显示,纳米锑颗粒的制备具有时间效应和电流效应.随着反应时间的加长,纳米锑颗粒粒径变大,且在某种程度上存在着团聚现象;电流密度在一定范围内,适当增大电流密度有利于纳米锑颗粒的形成.纳米锑颗粒的表面改性,主要是通过OP-10的长链分子结构与纳米锑颗粒之间的化学吸附以及OP-10的长链烷基分子之间的氢键、范德华力相互作用,分子链相互缠结,部分通过C-H键互相渗入,最终有效地包覆在纳米锑颗粒表面来达到其表面改性效果,同时在反应过程中醚键也起了一定作用.纳米锑颗粒在纯液体石蜡油中的分散稳定性能与其添加量有关,其最佳添加量为0.5％.     

Ho_2O_3掺杂对原位合成HoAl-Al_2O_3/TiAl复合材料显微组织及性能的影响

采用固态置换反应原位合成工艺,利用Al—Ti—TiO2-Ho2O3体系的放热反应合成了HoAl-Al2O3／TiAl复合材料。利用XRD和SEM分析了Ho2O3掺：枭对原位合成HoAl,Al2O3颗粒强化钛铝基复合材料显微组织的影响,探讨了稀土氧化物（Ho2O3）的细化机制。测试了力学性能。结果表明：Al—Ti—TiO2-Ho2O3系原位合成的HoAl-Al2O3／TiAl复合材料由TiAl,Ti3Al,Al2O3以及HoAl相组成;HoAl金属间化合物弥散分布于基体晶粒和Al2O3颗粒交界处,限制颗粒长大,细化基体晶粒与Al2O3,颗粒,同时提高了HoAl,Al2O3颗粒在基体中的分散度;Ho2O3的引入改善了复合材料的力学性能。     

熔盐泵盐析两相流冷态模型试验和数值研究

为了揭示熔盐泵内盐析两相流动的规律,采用白金汉定理,建立了熔盐泵输送固液两相流的相似准则,根据所设计的熔盐泵模型试验方案,对熔盐泵内部流动进行了数值模拟,采用高速摄像技术捕捉了泵内的盐析两相流动,阐述了试验结果与模拟结果之间的差别。研究了颗粒直径和密度对熔盐泵外特性和内部流动的影响。结果表明:数值模拟结果和试验结果之间的误差小于10%。叶轮流道出口处颗粒的绝对速度从叶片的压力面到吸力面逐渐减小。分析得到了叶轮内固相和液相的速度三角形之间的关系,当颗粒的密度大于液相的密度时,颗粒绝对速度沿圆周方向的分量小于液相。进一步分析得到了叶轮出口处密度分别为2000、2250、2500、2750、3000kg/m3的颗粒的运动速度三角形之间的关系,颗粒密度越大,叶轮出口绝对速度沿圆周方向的分量越小,泵的扬程越小。      

加工工艺对航空发动机燃油喷嘴性能的影响研究

介绍了喷嘴主要构件的技术要求和加工工艺。通过试验得到喷嘴的流量特性、喷雾锥角、索特尔平均直径的分布规律。喷嘴的SMD随供油压力的增大而减小,当压力增大到一定程度时,SMD趋于不变;喷雾锥角基本不随压力的改变而改变。对10个试验喷嘴测量数据的拟合和方差分析结果表明:喷嘴流量与喷口半径的平方、旋流槽截面积成比例。在生产中,可以按小公差加工喷口和旋流槽,流量不足时,可采取加大旋流槽尺寸或增大研磨喷口(尢其是主喷口)的半径的措施,以增大喷雾锥角。     

Effect of grain refinement on cutting force of difficult-to-cut metals in ultra-precision machining

The nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 is treated with Coupled Ultrasonic and Electric Pulse Treatment(CUEPT), and the surface grain is refined from the average size of 9550.0 nm to287.9, 216.3, 150.5, 126.3, 25.8 nm by different effective treatment currents, respectively. The ultraprecision turning experiments are carried out on the processed workpiece after CUEPT. The experimental results show that the average cutting force increases with the decrease of surface grain size.Moreover, a mathema...     

固体火箭发动机Al_2O_3凝结及颗粒破碎的数值模拟

Al2O3凝结对固体火箭发动机Al颗粒的燃烧效率及燃气流动有很大影响。结合拉格朗日方法,建立Al2O3凝结模型,分析了在Al2O3烟雾凝结及颗粒自身破碎作用下,不同初始直径Al颗粒的燃烧效率及燃烧室流场的变化规律。计算结果与同条件下的测试数据有较好的吻合,颗粒分布符合相关实验现象。结果表明,小颗粒燃烧后,流场温度及Al2O3烟雾分布均匀;随颗粒初始直径的增加,径向出现明显分层现象;在发动机出口,小颗粒燃烧效率较高,颗粒中Al2O3质量分数较大,但破碎程度较小;随初始直径增加,颗粒燃烧效率逐渐降低,颗粒中仍含有大量未燃烧的Al,破碎程度提高,颗粒数目急剧增加。