基于等效磁路的LIPS-200离子推力器磁场特性

以放电室阳极振荡电压和放电损耗的最小化为目标,结合正交试验方法,获得了性能提升后可实现长期稳定工作的LIPS-200离子推力器最佳磁路结构与磁场构型。基于此,运用等效磁路方法,采用有限元离散形式,建立了LIPS-200离子推力器放电室磁场模型,研究了特定空间排布下电磁体的永磁体替代方案。利用放电室磁感应强度测试和整机工作性能对比验证了永磁体替代方案的等效性及分析方法的可行性和计算结果的正确性。结果表明:两种磁场状态下的推力器放电室特征位置磁感应强度相对误差低于5%,且推力器工作敏感参数变化情况符合预期,满足磁路等效目标,达到磁路结构再优化,工作性能再提升的整体目标。      

配电方式对Kaufman离子推力器性能的影响研究

目前Kaufman离子推力器主要有两种最具代表性的配电方式:屏栅极电源正端分别连接阳极电源正、负端的配电方式。为了研究配电方式对Kaufman离子推力器工作性能的影响,基于等离子体理论和推力器工作原理,分析两种主要配电方式下放电室电极电势及电流平衡关系,推导了放电室等离子体特性表达式,理论分析了配电方式对离子推力器多种性能参数的影响。结合兰州空间技术物理研究所自研的LIPS300离子推力器在两种配电方式下工作在3kW和5kW的性能试验,通过解析方法对离子推力器多种工作参数和性能参数进行分析,试验结果与理论分析结果具有良好的一致性。研究表明:采用屏栅极电源正端连接阳极电源负端的配电方式能够获得更大的推力和比冲,并能提高离子对栅极透明度,减少离子对屏栅极的溅射,从而提高栅极寿命,但束离子产生成本稍高。研究结果可为离子推力器配电方式的设计与优化提供依据。     

PLANS '94. Position, Location and Navigation Symposium '94

A new age in position, location, and navigation has arrived, and PLANS '94 is where engineers from all over the world came to evaluate systems and predict the future. Topics ranged from mapping ice in Greenland to landing passenger-carrying airplanes in Category III weather. PLANS '94, sponsored by IEEE-AESS was held in Las Vegas, Nevada, with 400 engineers attending 27 technical sessions in which 140 papers were presented. General Chairman of the conference was Thomas A. Stansell, Jr., and the program chairman was Michael J. Hadfield     

Transitional wave configurations between Type III and Type IV oblique-shock/bow-shock interactions

The interactions of oblique/bow shock waves are the key flow phenomena restricting the design and aerothermodynamic performance of high-speed vehicles. Type III and Type IV Shock/Shock Interactions(SSIs) have been extensively investigated, as such interactions can induce abnormal aerodynamic heating problems in hypersonic flows of vehicles. The transition process between these two distinct types of shock/shock interactions remains unclear. In the present study, a subclass of shock/shock interaction configuration is revealed and defined as Type IIIa. Type IIIa interaction can induce much more severe aerodynamic heating than a Type IV interaction which was ever reported to be the most serious in literature. The intense aerodynamic heating observed in this configuration highlights a new design point for the thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles. A secondary Mach interaction between shock waves in the supersonic flow path of a Type III configuration is demonstrated to be the primary mechanism for such a subclass of shock/shock interaction configuration.     

Multiple-model estimation with variable structure. IV. Design andevaluation of model-group switching algorithm

For pt. III see ibid., vol. 35, pp. 225-41 (1999). A variable-structure multiple-model (VSMM) estimator, called model-group switching (MGS) algorithm, has been presented in Part III, which is the first VSMM estimator that is generally applicable to a large class of problem with hybrid (continuous and discrete) uncertainties. In this algorithm, the model-set is made adaptive by switching among a number of predetermined groups of models. It has the potential to be substantially more cost-effective than fixed-structure MM (FSMM) estimators, including the Interacting Multiple-Model (IMM) estimator. A number of issues of major importance in the application of this algorithm are investigated here, including the model-group adaptation logic and model-group design. The results of this study are implemented via a detailed design for a problem of tracking a maneuvering target using a time-varying set of models, each characterized by a representative value of the expected acceleration of the target. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the performance (based on more reasonable and complete measures than commonly used rms errors alone) and computational complexity of the MGS algorithm, relative to the fixed-structure IMM (FSIMM) estimator using all models, under carefully designed and fair random and deterministic scenarios     

GPS Program Status

The Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) Program is composed of three segments ? Space, Control, and User Equipment. The Space segment is responsible for the development and launch of the GPS satellite constellation. The Control segment is responsible for monitoring the satellite telemetry and providing updated navigation information to the satellites. The User Equipment (UE) segment is responsible for the development and procurement of the GPS receivers for a variety of host vehicle platforms. Recently, approval was given to the User segment to enter Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP). This approval marks the beginning of Phase III (production and deployment) of the GPS program. This paper will discuss the overall status of all three segments with an emphasis on the User Equipment segment as it enters the production phase of the program.     

Interplanetary type III radio bursts observed from high southern heliographic latitudes

Type III radio bursts observed from high southern latitudes are analyzed for the first time. The continual observation of these radio bursts by Ulysses from after the Jupiter swing-by to 50°S latitude argues for a wide latitudinal directivity of type III radiation. From this high latitude perspective, type III radio sources that lie in the far hemisphere of the Sun with respect to Ulysses are unambiguously resolved for the first time. Using the Ulysses direction-finding capabilities, the radio source locations in the 3-D heliosphere are derived for a radio event on 31 January 1994 when Ulysses was 45°S latitude. The source locations describe a spiral-like trajectory originating from the far side of the Sun. The angular radii of these radio sources are compared to angular radii that were previously derived from in-ecliptic observations.     

GPS III system operations concepts

Over the past three years, the Lockheed Martin GPS III team has analyzed potential operational concepts for the Air Force. The completed tasks support the government's objective of a "realizable and operationally feasible" US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) and Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) concept of operations. This paper provides an overview of the operational improvements for the command and control of satellites, the provision of safe, precise navigation and timing services to end-users. The GPS III system changes existing operational paradigms. Improved operator capabilities are enabled by a new high-speed uplink/downlink and crosslink communication architecture. Continuous connectivity allows operators a "contact one satellite - contact all satellites" concept enabling near-real-time navigation updates and telemetry monitoring. This paper describes potential improvements for the following operations: constellation monitoring, command and control, navigation upload monitoring, global service monitoring, global service prediction, civilian navigation (CNAV) messaging, and anomaly detection and resolution. This paper also describes future operational improvements as GPS applications continue to proliferate and the need for an improved infrastructure to effectively manage all the systems that affect GPS service grows     

斜爆轰波的波角和法向速度-曲率关系初探

为研究斜劈诱导斜爆轰波的波阵面弯曲效应，以期为斜爆轰的不稳定性及其演化规律提供新的见解，基于加权本质无振荡（WENO）格式空间离散和附加Runge-Kutta方法时间离散的求解器，针对不同的化学反应参数（释热量、放热速率和化学反应区参考长度）条件，开展斜爆轰波的数值计算研究。结果表明斜爆轰波沿波阵面的波角变化可分为3个区域：区域I，波角平滑减小；区域II，波角跃升后衰减；区域III，波角有规律振荡。波阵面法向速度-曲率关系在区域I呈现准垂直直线变化趋势，并伴随着爆轰波强度的不断衰减；在区域III则呈现出"D"形曲线，即由极曲线段、光滑水平变化段和拟线性变化段组成，为类胞格结构的周期性演变；区域II可认为是以上两个区域特征的耦合。不同的化学反应参数对斜爆轰波波阵面的弯曲效应影响存在较大差别。     

Microwave Landing System

The National Microwave Landing Systems (MLS) program is a joint DOT/DOD/NASA effort to implement a common civil/military precision landing system to replace the current Instrument Landing System (ILS). The MLS will be capable of providing precision landing guidance down to Category III minimum while allowing for complex approach paths in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The system is based on the Time Reference Scanning Beam (TRSB) technique which was selected by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in April 1978 as the new international landing system standard. MLS is less susceptible to interference from the surrounding area and provides a greater signal coverage area than ILS.     

工业CT大视场扫描成像方法研究

工业CT二代扫描方式扫描视场大，但扫描时间长；三代扫描方式扫描时间短，但扫描视场小。为解决较大尺寸构件ICT快速检测问题，讨论了一种基于三代扫描的大视场扫描方式，推导了它的FBP重构算法。计算机模拟和实验结果证明了该算法的正确性。分析表明，其有效扫描视野在三代的1．9倍以上。     

Federal Radionavigation Plan-pie in the sky for civil aviation?

The Federal Radionavigation Plan states that all present navigation and landing guidance facilities will be retired starting in 2005, and full dependence for these functions will be placed on augmented GPS. Once this is implemented, civil aviation will be totally vulnerable to terrorist jamming of the GPS signals over wide earth areas with widespread disruption of air traffic and potential disasters. It has become apparent that the use of GPS/GNSS is complex and expensive for the required civil aviation functions. It is clear that a different system form is needed for civil aviation, a redundant satellite/ground based system that will prevent it from being a jamming target while providing ATC surveillance, area navigation, collision warning/avoidance, high-speed data link and Category I landing guidance globally, plus precision Category III guidance in the terminal areas as needed. Such a system will be described     

Maximum likelihood angle extractor for two closely spaced targets

In a scenario of closely spaced targets special attention has to be paid to radar signal processing. We present an advanced processing technique, which uses the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion to extract from a monopulse radar separate angle measurements for unresolved targets. This processing results in a significant improvement, in terms of measurement error standard deviations, over angle estimators using the monopulse ratio. Algorithms are developed for Swerling I as well as Swerling III models of radar cross section (RCS) fluctuations. The accuracy of the results is compared with the Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) and also to the monopulse ratio technique. A novel technique to detect the presence of two unresolved targets is also discussed. The performance of the ML estimator was evaluated in a benchmark scenario of closely spaced targets - closer than half power beamwidth of a monopulse radar. The interacting multiple model probabilistic data association (IMMPDA) track estimator was used in conjunction with the ML angle extractor     

Local SNR considerations in decentralized CFAR detection

We consider the decentralized detection problem, involving N sensors and a central processor, in which the sensors transmit unquantized data to the fusion center. Assuming a homogeneous background for constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) analysis, we obtain the performances of the system for the Swerling I and Swerling III target models. We demonstrate that a simple nonparametric fusion rule at the central processor is sufficient for nearly optimum performance. The effect of the local signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) on the performances of the optimum detector and two suboptimum detectors is also examined. Finally, we obtain a set of conditions, related to the SNRs, under which better performance may be obtained by using decentralized detection as compared with centralized detection     

用应力杂交法计算Reissner型板复合型弯曲应力强度因子

本文在Reissner型平板裂纹尖端应力应变场一般解~[2,3]的基础上,采用应力杂交法构造高阶奇异元。由于采用了奇异元并解决了单元协调问题,使得Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型应力强度因子均获得较好的计算精度。本文计算了有限尺寸板复合型弯曲应力强度因子,并对Reissner型板若干力学特性进行了讨论分析。     

压力对Fe_（16）N_2结构和磁性的影响

用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,系统地研究了压力对Fe16N2体系结构和磁性的影响。结果表明仅仅离N位最远的Fe Ⅲ拥有一个约为2.84μB的大磁矩,而FeⅠ和Fe Ⅱ原子没有大磁矩产生。此外,还发现从0到47 GPa,总磁矩和单胞体积随着压力的增加单调减小,然而,在48 GPa的压力作用下,伴随着单胞体积的剧减,体系总磁矩消失。     

基于蜂群算法的舰艇编队维修作业调度方法

针对编队维修保障系统需要对编队内所有舰艇装备提供快速有效的保障,使之具有持续作战能力,将维修保障过程中涉及的机构及资源,分割为功能相对独立的多个智能体Agent,并提出基于多Agent的具有良好扩展性和智能性的舰艇编队保障体系架构.基于该架构中Agent单元的特点,提出基于蜂群算法的任务调度优化方法,该方法可缩短舰艇编...     

On deterministic chaos,stationarity, periodicity and intermittency in coronal bursts and flares

Solar and stellar flares are highly structured in space and in time, as is indicated for example by their radio signatures: the narrowband spikes, type III, type II and IV, and pulsation events. Structured in time are also the not flare related type I events (noise storms). The nature of this observationally manifest fragmentation is still not clear. Either, it can be due to stochastic boundary or initial conditions of the respective processes, such as inhomogeneities in the coronal plasma. Or else, a deterministic non-linear process is able to cause complicated patterns of these kinds.We investigate the nature of the fragmentation in time. The properties of processes we enquire are stationarity, periodicity, intermittency, and, with dimension estimating methods, we try to discriminate between stochastic and low-dimensional deterministic processes. Since the measured time series are rather short, the dimension estimate methods have to be used with care: we have developed an extended dimension estimate procedure consisting of five steps. Among others, it comprises again the questions of stationarity and intermittency, but also the more technical problems of temporal correlations, judging scaling and convergence, and limited number of data points (statistical limits).We investigate 3 events of narrowband spikes, 13 type III groups, 10 type I storms, 3 type II bursts and 1 type IV event of solar origin, and 3 pulsation-like events of stellar origin. They have in common that all of them have stationary phases, periodicities are rather seldom, and intermittency is quite abundant. However, the burst types turn out to have different characteristics. None of the investigated time series reveals a low-dimensional behaviour. This implies that they originate from complex processes having dimensions (degrees of freedom) larger than about 4 to 6, which includes infinity,i. e. stochasticity. The lower limit of the degrees of freedom is inferred from numerical experiments with known chaotic systems, using time series of similar lengths, and it depends slightly on the burst types.     

运输类飞机旅客座椅动态冲击仿真方法研究

介绍了使用瞬态有限元软件与经SAE 1999-01-1609修正的Hybrid III ATD(Anthropomorphic Test Dummy)模型的组合进行运输类飞机旅客座椅动态冲击仿真分析的方法,重点描述仿真模型的评估原则和仿真分析过程中的关键要素和审定判据,运用计算机模型来精确预测物理试验的结果,将目前最佳的实践方法展现给工程分析人员以达到节省研发与取证成本的目的。