ZrO2陶瓷切向超声辅助磨削表面及亚表面损伤机制

为进一步揭示切向超声辅助磨削过程中硬脆材料的表面及亚表面损伤机理,基于应变率模型对其磨削过程中材料的动态力学性能进行分析,并在此基础上建立了硬脆材料的脆-塑转变临界切削深度模型与微裂纹损伤深度模型。研究发现,脆-塑转变临界切削深度和微裂纹损伤深度均与应变率有关,其中临界切削深度随着应变率的增加而增加,而横向裂纹损伤深度与中位裂纹损伤深度均随应变率的增加而减小。通过ZrO₂陶瓷切向超声辅助磨削试验进行验证。试验结果表明：由于切向超声振动的引入提高了材料应变率,进而提高了材料的动态断裂应力以及动态断裂韧性,从而扩大了ZrO₂陶瓷的塑性域去除范围,降低了加工表面的横向裂纹与中位裂纹损伤深度,使得ZrO₂陶瓷的表面及亚表面质量得到明显改善。试验结果与理论分析相一致,为进一步揭示切向超声辅助磨削过程中硬脆材料的表面及亚表面微观损伤机理提供了理论参考。     

光学元件抛光亚表面损伤实验研究

设计光学元件抛光亚表面损伤检测实验,使用原子力显微镜(AFM)检测传统抛光亚表面塑性划痕与磁流变抛光亚表面塑性划痕的最大深度,通过比较验证磁流变抛光对亚表面塑性划痕的抑制能力;同时利用二次离子质谱仪的深度剖析功能检测磁流变抛光石英样件后表面水解层的深度,指出磁流变抛光属于低损伤性抛光技术。     

光学材料磨削加工亚表面损伤层深度测量及预测方法研究

针对光学材料磨削加工引入的亚表面损伤层,综合使用磁流变抛光斑点技术和HF差动化学蚀刻速率法测量亚表面裂纹层深度和亚表面残余应力层厚度。建立了亚表面裂纹层深度与表面粗糙度间关系的理论模型,以实现亚表面裂纹层深度的准确预测,并通过分析亚表面裂纹尖端应力场,预测了亚表面裂纹尖端塑性层厚度。     

基于磁流变斑点法的热压多晶氟化镁加工亚表面损伤实验研究

精确测量出每道加工工序残留的亚表面损伤深度值是达到光学元件加工质量要求的前提保证.通过磁流变抛光斑点法测量几种常用的加工方法对氟化镁试样加工后产生的亚表面损伤深度数值,为将来该材料实际工件加工提供参考.     

磁流变抛光近零亚表面损伤工艺研究

实验表明磁流变抛光以其独特的剪切去除机理可用于光学元件亚表面损伤的去除,并且自身不产生新的划痕,同时还可提升光学元件的表面质量,可作为高效加工无损光学元件的一种工艺。     

疏水/超疏水表面防/除冰原理及其研究进展

液体防冰、电热防冰、气热防冰、机械除冰等传统的防/除冰技术具有显著的防/除冰效果,但存在消耗能源大、防冰时间有限以及除冰不彻底等问题,而基于疏水/超疏水表面的防/除冰技术则具有独特的优势.本文首先阐述了利用疏水表面和超疏水表面防/除冰的原理及其影响因素;然后,总结了常用的疏水表面和超疏水表面在防/除冰中存在的问题,并指...     

壁面的表面粗糙度引起的Stokes层亚临界不稳定性

用数值模拟的方法研究了二维壁面的表面粗糙度下Stokes层的非线性亚临界不稳定性问题.发现当粗糙度高度极小时,响应系数曲线与线性情况就会产生较大偏离.随着粗糙度高度的增加,扰动1阶谱会出现亚谐波的成分,粗糙度高度的进一步增加使扰动1阶谱进入混乱阶段,显示出亚临界失稳的过程.根据粗糙度高度与扰动1阶谱演化的特征关系,定义了临界粗糙度高度,并给出临界粗糙度高度与雷诺数的关系曲线.结果表明:临界粗糙度高度随着雷诺数增大而减小.雷诺数为300左右时,微米量级的粗糙度高度就可能引起Stokes层的亚临界失稳,发生转捩,由此也可以给出实验中观测到的转捩通常都发生在雷诺数为300附近的原因.      

TB6钛合金高速铣削表面粗糙度与表面形貌研究

TB6钛合金高速铣削以高效率、高质量的优点广泛应用于航空航天行业.面向高速铣削中表面粗糙度的工艺控制,通过高速端面铣削正交试验,研究并分析了高速铣削参数对表面粗糙度及三维表面形貌的影响.研究表明:表面粗糙度对每齿进给量变化最为敏感,对铣削速度变化敏感次之,对铣削宽度的变化最不敏感;铣削速度优选范围为100～140m/min,每齿进给量优选范围为0.04～0.08mm/z,可保障表面粗糙度在0.7μm内;铣削速度和每齿进给量配比组合影响表面形貌的形成.     

C/C复合材料切削表面粗糙度的测量评定与影响因素研究

通过对航空航天领域广泛应用的典型复合材料的切削表面进行三维表面粗糙度测量实验,研究了C/C复合材料切削表面粗糙度的三维评定参数与二维评定参数之间的差别,并基于三维评定参数对影响C/C复合材料切削表面粗糙度的因素进行了研究。     

GH4169DA磨削表面变质层软化机理

为了深入研究高温合金GH4169DA磨削表面变质层软化机理,分别采用光学显微镜、显微维氏硬度计和透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析了其微观组织、显微硬度和γ"相密度。试验结果表明：GH4169DA磨削表面及亚表面发生了明显软化和局部塑性变形。在试验参数范围内,软化深度约为30~100 μm,而变形层的深度只有约4 μm。从基体到磨削表面,γ"相密度由约2.27×10³个/μm²逐渐降低,至距磨削表面约2.2 μm以内γ"相完全消失。该变化规律与显微硬度变化规律一致,最大影响深度也基本相同。分析指出,GH4169DA磨削表面软化的根本原因是在磨削过程中热的作用下,主要强化相γ"密度降低,强化效果减弱。     

Morphology and Frictional Characteristics Under Electrical Currents of Al203/Cu Composites Prepared by Internal Oxidation

Two AhO3/Cu composites containing 0.24 wt.% A1203 and 0.60 wt.% A1203 separately are prepared by internal oxidation.Effectsof sliding speed and pressure on the fi-ictional characteristics of the composites and copper against brass are investigated and compared.The changes in morphology of the sliding surface and subsurface are examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS).The results show that the wear resistance of the AI203/Cu composites is superior to that of copperunder the same conditions.Under a given electrical current,the wear rate of AI203/Cu composites decreases as the AleO3-content increases.However,the wear rates of the Al203/Cu composites and copper increase as the sliding speed and pressure increase under drysliding condition.The main wear mechanisms for AleO3/Cu composites are of abrasion and adhesion;for copper,it is adhesion,although wear by oxidation and electrical erosion can also be observed as the speed and pressure rise.     

内氧化制备A1_2O_3/Cu复合材料载流条件下表面磨损形貌和摩擦学性能研究(英文)

Two Al2O3/Cu composites containing 0.24 wt.% Al2O3 and 0.60 wt.% Al2O3 separately are prepared by internal oxidation. Effects of sliding speed and pressure on the frictional characteristics of the composites and copper against brass are investigated and compared. The changes in morphology of the sliding surface and subsurface are examined with scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum （EDS）. The results show that the wear resistance of the Al2O3/Cu composites is superior to that of copper under the same conditions, Under a given electrical current, the wear rate of Al2O3/Cu composites decreases as the Al2O3-content increases, However, the wear rates of the Al2O3/Cu composites and copper increase as the sliding speed and pressure increase under dry sliding condition. The main wear mechanisms for Al2O3/Cu composites are of abrasion and adhesion; for copper, it is adhesion, although wear by oxidation and electrical erosion can also be observed as the speed and pressure rise.     

Morphological Biosignatures from Subsurface Environments: Recognition on Planetary Missions

The Earth is inhabited by life not just at its surface, but down to a depth of kms. Like surface life, this deep subsurface life produces a fossil record, traces of which may be found in the pore space of practically all rock types. The (palaeo)subsurface of other planetary bodies is therefore a promising target in the search for another example of life. Subsurface filamentous fabrics (SFFs), i.e. mineral encrustations of a filament-based textural framework, occur in many terrestrial rocks representing present or ancient subsurface settings. SFF are interpreted as mineral encrustations on masses of filaments/pseudofilaments of microbial origin. SFF are a common example of the fossil record of subsurface life. Macroscopic (pseudostalactites, U-shapes) and microscopic (filaments) characteristics make SFF’s a biosignature that can be identified with relative ease. SFF in the subsurface are probably about as common and easily recognizable as are stromatolites in surface environments. Close-up imagers (～50 micron/pixel resolution) and microscopes (～3 micron/pixel resolution) on upcoming Mars lander missions are crucial instruments that will allow the recognition of biofabrics of surface- and subsurface origin. The resolution available however will not allow the recognition of small (～1 micron) individual mineralized microbial cells. The microscopy of unprepared rock surfaces would benefit from the use of polarizing filters to reduce surface reflectance and enhance internally reflected light. Tests demonstrate the potential to visualize mineralized filaments using this procedure.     

Investigations on femtosecond laser-induced surface modification and periodic micropatterning with anti-friction properties on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy

Titanium alloys have a wide application in aerospace industries as it has greater strength and low density, but it has poor tribological properties. To improve its friction and wear performance, in present work, a femtosecond laser is used to directly irradiate the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface in air conditioning, which results in localized ablation and the formation of periodic microstructures but also a strong pressure wave, propagating the material inside. Through the optimization of proces...     

Sesame – An Experiment of the Rosetta Lander Philae: Objectives and General Design

SESAME is an instrument complex built in international co-operation and carried by the Rosetta lander Philae intended to land on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014. The main goals of this instrument suite are to measure mechanical and electrical properties of the cometary surface and the shallow subsurface as well as of the particles emitted from the cometary surface. Most of the sensors are mounted within the six soles of the landing gear feet in order to provide good contact with or proximity to the cometary surface. The measuring principles, instrument designs, technical layout, operational concepts and the results from the first in-flight measurements are described. We conclude with comments on the consequences of the last minute change of the target comet and how to improve and to preserve the knowledge during the long-duration Rosetta mission.     

大型不规则椭球回转面的曲面重构与仿真加工

提出了大型不规则椭球回转面的一种新的曲面重构与仿真加工方法。基于GeomagicStudio软件,处理大型不规则椭球回转面的采集数据点云,重构了实测曲面的等距面模型;采用Pro/E对实测曲面的等距面模型进行等距操作,生成实测曲面模型;利用GeomagicQualify软件对实测曲面的等距面模型相对于原始数据点云,以及实测曲面模型相对于理论曲面模型进行误差分析;最后利用Pro/NC模块对实测曲面模型进行数控编程和仿真加工。研究结果表明,该方法提高了大型不规则椭球回转面的曲面重构精度,生成的标准数控加工程序具有可移植性,解决了原加工方法对专用设备的依赖。     

表面粗糙度对冰冻黏强度影响试验研究

为改进飞机防冰技术和科学合理除冰,对冰和材料表面的冻黏强度进行研究。通过分析冻黏形成机理的和界面受力状态发现,冻黏强度受结冰环境和材料特性2大类因素影响,其中环境温度和材料表面粗糙度变化可引起冻黏界面状态改变,对冻黏强度的影响是非线性或非单调变化的,对此尚难以建立合适的理论预测模型。通过试验测试研究和分析了在不同温度和不同表面粗糙度下冰与常用金属铝、铜之间的冻黏强度。试验研究结果有助于认识冻黏机理和改进防/除冰技术,对于采取合适的表面加工技术以降低表面冻黏强度具有指导意义。