液体火箭发动机推力室内壁寿命预估

为了分析推力室内壁失效机理及准确预估推力室内壁寿命,对推力室进行流-热-固耦合计算.流-热耦合为热-固耦合提供准确的热和机械载荷,热-固耦合模型对推力室内壁在循环加载下的变形进行非线性平面应变有限元分析.通过计算,得到了推力室内壁在单循环各阶段的应力-应变分布和循环加载下的变形过程,并进行了寿命预估.结果表明:采用的流-固耦合策略能准确地实现流-热耦合模块向热-固耦合模块的载荷传递,能为结构分析提供准确的边界条件.在预冷、后冷和松弛阶段,内壁承受拉应力;在工作阶段,内壁承受压应力.随着循环次数的增加,内壁残余应力和应变不断增大,内壁向燃烧室内鼓起和不断变薄,冷却通道中心最先失效.所采用的分析模型能够模拟内壁在循环热和机械载荷下的变形过程,用于预估推力室内壁的循环寿命.      

液体火箭发动机再生冷却结构弹塑性分析

为了分析推力室壁应力和变形分布情况,研究推力室失效位置和失效机理,建立了一种弹塑性有限元分析方法。建立推力室一维流动传热模型,为结构弹塑性分析提供输入。进一步建立推力室壁在温度和压强载荷下的二维弹塑性计算模型,分析了在预冷-工作-后冷-关机的工作循环下推力室壁的应力应变响应,比较了温度载荷和压强载荷的作用程度,并预估了推力室使用寿命。结果表明：推力室壁产生的弹塑性变形是由温度载荷和压强载荷共同作用所致,温度载荷起主导作用。推力室内壁冷却通道中心位置最先发生失效破坏,限制了推力室的使用寿命。从计算时间和准确性来说,该方法能够为再生冷却通道的优化设计和性能估算提供参考。     

液体火箭发动机推力室内壁三维热强度分析

为了分析再生冷却式液体火箭发动机推力室内壁失效机理、判断失效位置及确定循环次数,对其进行流-热-固耦合计算。流-热耦合模拟推力室再生冷却耦合传热过程并为热-固耦合提供边界条件,热-固耦合对推力室壁在循环加载下的变形进行三维结构非线性分析。通过计算,得到了推力室壁在单循环各阶段和循环加载下的应力应变分布,对计算结果进行后处理,得到了推力室内壁失效时的循环次数。结果表明,推力室内壁在循环热和机械载荷作用下向推力室内鼓起和变薄,喉部上游冷却通道中心最先失效。     

液体火箭发动机推力室壁瞬态加载三维热结构分析

为了预测再生冷却液体火箭发动机推力室壁的应变分布,研究内壁失效机理,使用有限元法对推力室壁进行了三维瞬态热分析,在瞬态热分析结果的基础上采用多线性随动硬化模型对推力室壁进行了三维弹塑性结构分析。计算结果表明,多线性随动硬化模型能够准确地模拟推力室内壁材料的应力-应变关系;内壁温度达到稳态的时间相比外壁要短得多,在预冷、试车和后冷开始约0.1s后内壁温度便已经接近稳态;瞬态加载三维热结构分析能够确定推力室内壁最先失效的危险点的位置在喉部上游冷却通道中心;推力室壁瞬态加载三维热结构分析得到的最大残余应变比稳态加载大15.7%。     

再生冷却推力室热障涂层系统的热结构分析

为了设计和优化适用于液体火箭发动机推力室的热障涂层,应用ANSYS的热-结构分析功能,对再生冷却推力室-热障涂层系统进行了热结构有限元分析,得到在不同涂层覆盖下,推力室壁中的温度场和应变场,并通过对热障涂层中应变场的分析,研究不同涂层发生分层剥落的关键位置以及主要驱动力。结果表明,陶瓷层厚度较大的YSZ+Ni Cr Al Y涂层拥有更优异的性能,使推力室壁在热试阶段的最大应变量减少约36.1%;工作循环中,涂层与推力室壁的接触面上会产生较大的应变量,最终有可能导致涂层剥落失效;粘结层能缓解涂层与推力室壁间的热膨胀系数不匹配,使陶瓷层在热试阶段的最大应变量减少约80%。     

可重复使用液体火箭发动机设计参数对推力室身部棘轮应变的影响

为探究可重复使用火箭发动机设计参数对推力室身部在工作过程中热棘轮现象的影响,采用经典的液体火箭发动机设计方法设计了不同室压、推力及混合比的推力室,通过准二维传热计算方法、非线性有限元热-结构耦合分析方法和局部应变法对比了不同设计参数的推力室在工作过程中的棘轮应变及其发展情况。计算结果表明,相同的热试时间,循环工作的发动机推力室比单次工作的发动机推力室产生的应变更大;设计参数对棘轮应变的影响是通过改变推力室热环境来实现的;其他设计参数不变,室压更高、推力更小或混合比更高的推力室的棘轮应变更大;高室压、大推力或高混合比的推力室棘轮应变随循环次数的增加而减小。     

冷却剂不同流动方式对膨胀循环推力室再生冷却换热的影响

为了解液体火箭发动机膨胀循环推力室再生冷却换热特性,对某一参考发动机推力室和另外两种面积比的膨胀循环推力室建立三维计算模型,采用数值模拟的方法,考察冷却剂的温升、冷却通道压降以及推力室内壁面温度和热流密度的分布情况.重点比较了不同燃烧室圆柱段长度、冷却剂不同流动方式以及不同面积比对以上结果的影响.计算过程中采用二阶迎风格式离散控制方程.计算结果表明:采用逆流冷却时,通过加长推力室圆柱段长度使推力室受热面积增加70%后,冷却剂温升提高了一倍左右;对膨胀循环推力室进行再生冷却时,采用顺流冷却要比逆流冷却的冷却通道压降低,但同时冷却剂温升也较低,并且对喉部壁面的冷却效果较差.     

全流量补燃循环发动机推力室再生冷却技术研究

将层板式大高宽比、薄壁、弹性冷却内衬等新技术采用到全流量补燃循环发动机推力室再生冷却设计上,结合全流量发动机工作特点,建立了冷却通道准一维换热和二维数学模型,得到了推力室轴向热参数分布和危险截面冷却通道的温度场和应力场,得出了采用推力室再生冷却新技术相对于传统模式可以较大地降低推力室喉部内壁温、内衬最大等效应力和冷却压降,从而提高推力室寿命及发动机性能的结论,并初步设计出大推力全流量补燃循环发动机推力室再生冷却结构.      

推力室内壁热结构寿命预估及延寿技术研究

为了研究推力室内壁热结构的寿命预估方法,探索延长内壁循环寿命的可行性措施,基于热试验验证后的传热计算,利用内壁寿命预估经验公式对国内大推力氢氧推力室的再生冷却通道内壁寿命进行了估算,并与热试车结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,喉部及其附近区域寿命预估与热试车结果基本一致,传热计算和寿命预估公式适用于该类高深宽比冷却通道内壁寿命的近似预测.在此基础上提出了提高推力室内壁寿命的可行性措施,相关结论可为再生冷却通道结构设计方案的合理选择提供相应的参考.     

针栓式喷注器液氧/甲烷发动机燃烧特性数值仿真

为研究针栓式喷注器结构对液氧/甲烷发动机推力室燃烧性能的影响,采用非绝热稳态扩散火焰面模型,并考虑真实流体的物性,对针栓式喷注器液氧/甲烷发动机推力室的跨临界燃烧和流动进行数值模拟。结果表明,针栓式喷注器发动机在推力室头部区域形成两个回流区;在一定范围内,减小针栓式喷注器径向喷注通道尺寸和针阀直径,可以提高燃烧室压力和燃气温度,从而提高推力室的燃烧性能;对于针阀伸进燃烧室长度,为提高推力室的燃烧性能,同时考虑推力室头部的冷却问题,应取越程比在1附近。     

Thermo-structural analysis of regenerative cooling thrust chamber cylinder segment based on experimental data

To evaluate the structural failure risk of the regenerative cooling thrust chamber cylinder segment, a Finite Element Method (FEM) based on experimental data was developed. The methodology was validated and utilized to reveal the thermal response and the nonlinear deformation behavior of the cylinder segment phase by phase. The conclusions of the research are as follows: The 2D heat flux distribution caused by the injector determines the uneven temperature distribution on the gas-side wall and leads to the temperature disparity between various cooling channels; The reason for the accumulation of residual strain is that the tensile strain generated in the post-cooling phase is greater than the compressive strain produced in the hot run phase; Through the single-cycle simulation, two potential failure locations with conspicuous deformations were found, but it is difficult to determine which point is more dangerous. However, the multi-cycle thermo-structural analysis gives the evolution of the stress-strain curve and gradually discloses that the low-temperature corner of a particular channel is the most likely location to fail, rather than the maximum residual strain point of the gas-side wall. The damage analysis for dangerous point indicates that the quasi-static damage accounts for the majority of the total damage and is the main factor limiting the service life.     

Damage localization effects of the regeneratively-cooled thrust chamber wall in LOX/methane rocket engines

To investigate the damage localization effects of the thrust chamber wall caused by combustions in LOX/methane rocket engines, a fluid-structural coupling computational methodology with a multi-channel model is developed to obtain 3-demensioanl thermal and structural responses. Heat and mechanical loads are calculated by a validated finite volume fluid-thermal coupling numerical method considering non-premixed combustion processes of propellants. The methodology is subsequently performed on an LOX/methane thrust chamber under cyclic operation. Results show that the heat loads of the thrust chamber wall are apparently non-uniform in the circumferential direction. There are noticeable disparities between different cooling channels in terms of temperature and strain distributions at the end of the hot run phase, which in turn leads to different temperature ranges, strain ranges, and residual strains during one cycle. With the work cycle proceeding, the circumferential localization effect of the residual strain would be significantly enhanced. A post-processing damage analysis reveals that the low-cycle fatigue damage accumulated in each cycle is almost unchanged, while the quasi static damage accumulated in a considered cycle declines until stabilized after several cycles. The maximum discrepancy of the predicted lives between different cooling channels is about 30%.     

Thermal-structural analysis of regenerativelycooled thrust chamber wall in reusable LOX/Methane rocket engines

To predict the thermal and structural responses of the thrust chamber wall under cyclic work,a 3-D fluid-structural coupling computational methodology is developed.The thermal and mechanical loads are determined by a validated 3-D finite volume fluid-thermal coupling computational method.With the specified loads,the nonlinear thermal-structural finite element analysis is applied to obtaining the 3-D thermal and structural responses.The Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening model calibrated by experimental data is adopted to predict the cyclic plastic behavior of the inner wall.The methodology is further applied to the thrust chamber of LOX/Methane rocket engines.The results show that both the maximum temperature at hot run phase and the maximum circumferential residual strain of the inner wall appear at the convergent part of the chamber.Struc tural analysis for multiple work cycles reveals that the failure of the inner wall may be controlled by the low-cycle fatigue when the Chaboche model parameter γ3 =0,and the damage caused by the thermal-mechanical ratcheting of the inner wall cannot be ignored when γ3 ＞ 0.The results of sen sitivity analysis indicate that mechanical loads have a strong influence on the strains in the inner wall.     

液体火箭发动机推力室可重复使用技术

为了验证液体火箭发动机推力室可重复使用技术,采用流-固耦合方法对推力室内壁材料、外壁厚度、冷却通道高宽比等影响推力室内壁寿命的因素进行了数值模拟.通过计算,得到了推力室内壁在不同内壁材料、不同外套厚度、不同冷却通道高宽比下单循环各阶段的应力、应变分布,对计算结果进行后处理,得到了内壁损伤.结果表明,采用高强度及延展性内壁材料、低刚性外套、大冷却通道高宽比可以减小推力室内壁损伤,延长推力室内壁使用寿命.      

液氧甲烷发动机台阶型冷却通道的耦合传热特性

为了研究液氧甲烷发动机再生冷却通道中跨临界甲烷的流动和传热特性,以及冷却通道较大幅度的突扩突缩对冷却效果的影响,采用整场直接耦合的方法对推力室三维耦合传热进行了数值模拟,考虑了燃气的非平衡流动.通过计算得到了推力室三维温度场和流场.计算结果表明：由于喉部截面附近存在较强的二次流,燃气侧壁面温度的最大值出现在喉部上游.由于突扩突缩处存在较强的旋涡运动,冷却剂的湍流强度增强,冷却剂侧表面传热系数显著提高,燃气侧壁面温度出现局部极小值,同时也产生了较大的局部损失.由于铜内衬热阻比镍外套热阻小得多,从燃烧室进入的大部分热量在冷却通道底面和侧面被冷却剂吸收.冷却通道底面的温度和热流密度沿程变化比顶面更剧烈.     

Preliminary experiment on spontaneous ignition performances of cavity-based strut flameholder

The thermal-structural response and low cycle fatigue life of a three-dimensional (3D) channel wall nozzle with regenerative cooling were numerically investigated by coupling the finite volume fluid-thermal method, nonlinear finite element thermal-structural analysis and local strain methods. The nozzle had a high area ratio (nozzle exit area divided by throat area) under cyclic working loads. Parametric studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of channel structural parameters such as channel width, channel height, liner thickness and rib width. Results showed that the integrated effects of three-dimensional channel structure and load distribution caused serious strain, which mainly occurred at the intersectant regions of liner wall on the gas side and the symmetric planes of channel and rib. The cooling effect and channel structural strength were significantly improved as the channel width and height decreased, leading to substantial extension of the nozzle service life. On the other hand, the successive decrease in liner thickness and rib width apparently increased the strain amplitude and residual strain of channel wall nozzle during cyclic work, significantly shortening the service life. The present work is of value for design of the channel wall nozzle to prolong its cyclic service life.      

Thermal-structural response and low-cycle fatigue damage of channel wall nozzle

To investigate the thermo-mechanical response of channel wall nozzle under cyclic working loads,the fnite volume fluid-thermal coupling calculation method and the fnite element thermal-structural coupling analysis technique are applied.In combination with the material lowcycle fatigue behavior,the modifed continuous damage model on the basics of local strain approach is adopted to analyze the fatigue damage distribution and accumulation with increasing nozzle work cycles.Simulation results have shown that the variation of the non-uniform temperature distribution of channel wall nozzle during cyclic work plays a signifcant role in the thermal-structural response by altering the material properties;the thermal-mechanical loads interaction results in serious deformation mainly in the front region of slotted liner.In particular,the maximal cyclic strains appear in the intersecting regions of liner gas side wall and symmetric planes of channel and rib,where the fatigue failure takes place initially;with the increase in nozzle work cycles,the residual plastic strain accumulates linearly,and the strain amplitude and increment in each work cycle are separately equal,but the fatigue damage grows up nonlinearly.As a result,a simplifed nonlinear damage accumulation approach has been suggested to estimate the fatigue service life of channel wall nozzle.The predicted node life is obviously conservative to the Miner＇s life.In addition,several workable methods have also been proposed to improve the channel wall nozzle durability.     

圆转方内喷管换热特性

为了解圆转方内喷管再生冷却的换热特性,采用数值模拟的方法,分别对内喷管燃气、壁面和冷却液建立不同的控制方程,进行流动和传热的耦合计算,得到了内喷管和冷却液的流场和温度场。计算结果表明:转方之后的扩张段,如果型面不连续,间断点之后出现压缩波,波后壁面的温度和热流密度出现峰值,成为另一个危险截面;而且不连续壁面的温度高于光滑壁面的温度,使扩张段圆周方向壁面温度分布不均匀,造成热应力的不均匀;冷却肋和高导热系数的锆铜加强了冷却通道的换热,使冷却肋附近的气壁温度低于冷却通道底部气壁的温度。