像元尺寸对空间光学探测系统性能的影响

针对空间光学探测系统的组成和特点,采用调制传递函数(MTF)作为系统性能指标,通过建立光学系统、探测器系统、离焦和像移调制传递函数模型,仿真分析了像元尺寸对系统成像性能的影响.结果表明,随着像元尺寸减小,探测器系统MTF值增大,光学系统、离焦、像移等的MTF值都变小,从而为像元尺寸的确定提供了参考依据.     

地气光辐射对空间目标成像特性影响分析

为分析地气光辐射对空间目标成像特性的影响,以地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星搭载的可见光成像器为探测平台,利用卫星工具包(STK)设计高椭圆轨道(HEO)及近地轨道(LEO)目标运动场景,根据空间目标、地球、太阳、探测平台之间的位置关系,采用微元法建立空间目标与地气光背景等效星等模型,推导出空间目标信噪比(SNR)计算公式。分析了距离、角度参数变化对不同轨道空间目标、地气光背景等效星等及空间目标信噪比的影响。仿真结果表明:当探测平台距离空间目标较远时,地气光背景等效星等低于空间目标等效星等,地气光辐射比空间目标信号强。当地气光辐射进入和离开空间目标探测视场时,空间目标信噪比最大,该时间段是进行空间目标探测的最佳“观测窗口”。仿真得出的空间目标信噪比值为空间目标探测识别提供了理论计算依据。      

GPS卫星信标信噪比的统计分析

GPS卫星信标信噪比(SNR)受到卫星上的发射机增益、地面站的接收机增益、卫星与接收机之间的几何距离、接收机处的仰角、信标传播路径上电离层介质衰减等因素的共同影响.首先提出了一种从SNR观测数据中分离出SNR在电离层中衰减的算法,并应用于MANA接收站(273.751°E,12.149°N)2003年的观测数据,得到了一个电离层介质引起的对L波段信标SNR衰减日变化的平均情况.通过与IRI模式计算的电波垂直穿过电离层时衰减的SNR比较发现,由我们得到的SNR在电波垂直穿过电离层时的衰减与IRI模式计算的衰减随地方时的变化符合得比较好.      

无人机定向天线自跟踪系统研究

为了满足无人机(UAV)远距离通信的需要,设计研制了以无人机位置信息为引导的地面定向天线自跟踪系统。基于实时获取定向天线载车位置、速度、方位和俯仰角等信息,实现了定向天线在运动中对目标进行自动跟踪的能力,提高了系统的机动性和隐蔽性。针对目前利用2点位置来计算目标角的方法存在需要通过相对位置才能确定实际目标角的不足,提出了一种不需要考虑2点相对位置就能直接计算出目标角的计算方法,为工程应用带来了方便。针对定向天线地面载车在机动时GPS信号容易受干扰,从而造成跟踪目标丢失,以及因无人机位置信息更新频率较低而造成的跟踪系统运动抖动、跟踪误差较大等问题,提出了一种基于速度对位置进行预测平滑的控制策略,有效解决了以上问题,并显著提高了跟踪精度。设计研制了定向天线自跟踪系统的软硬件,并进行了测试,结果表明:研制的定向天线具有机动跟踪能力和较高的跟踪精度,能满足无人机对定向天线自跟踪的需要。      

激光多普勒测速系统自适应阈值检测算法

信号检测是激光多普勒测速(LDV)系统实现高精度的关键技术,针对LDV中微弱多普勒信号的检测,本文从噪声在频域中的统计特性出发,对多普勒信号进行带阻滤波,结合雷达的恒虚警(CFAR)检测技术,设计了基于频域的单元平方和自适应阈值检测算法以解决在低信噪比(SNR)的环境中LDV的信号检测问题,提高LDV的信号探测能力,同时降低其虚警概率。仿真与实验的结果表明:该算法与固定阈值相比可以在SNR为-12 d B时实现信号的完全检测,保持低虚警概率,运算简单,工程适用性强。     

基于控制论的3种供应链动态特性比较

基于自动控制理论,以APIOBPCS(Automatic Pipeline, Inventory and Order Based Production Control System)订货系统为基础,采用模拟仿真的方法,考察传统二级供应链(TSC,Traditional two-echelon Supply Chain)、需求信息共享(DIS,Demand Information Sharing)二级供应链和供应商管理库存(VMI,Vendor Managed Inventory)这3种典型二级供应链系统在阶跃需求信息时,不同系统参数对系统订单、在制品量和库存量的影响,并对3种系统的动态响应特性进行了对比研究.研究结果表明:对于阶跃需求信息,生产提前期T_p越小,系统响应峰值越小,响应速度越快;参数T_i,T_w和T_a在不同范围内对系统峰值和调节时间的影响趋势有所不同,需要根据供应链整体目标进行选择.而且一种供应链系统往往不能兼顾系统的响应峰值和调节时间两个特性,应综合考虑响应峰值和调节时间对系统整体绩效的影响,选择适当的管理策略优化供应链系统,以提高供应链的整体运行效率.      

利用平滑约束复原方法处理CCD相机遥感图像

重点研究了频域平滑约束复原方法以及该方法对遥感领域中的实际应用，文章先介绍了平滑约束复原方法的理论基础，然后用该方法对CCD相机的遥感图像进行了复原处理，讨论了遥感器系统调制传递函数（MTF）曲线的拟合，遥感器系统MTF矩阵的构造以及复原参数的选择。可以得出结论，在一定条件下，利用平滑约束复原方法可以有效地改善整个系统的调制传递函数，从而使图像变得清晰。     

基于最大熵法和遗传算法的SMSP干扰对抗方法

线性调频(LFM)信号是现代雷达常用的发射信号,可以有效提高雷达的检测性能,然而频谱弥散(SMSP)干扰应用于主瓣自卫式干扰时,干扰信号强度远大于目标回波信号,能够对目标回波信号形成遮盖,是一种有效对抗LFM信号的干扰样式。利用干扰信号与目标回波信号时频特征的不同,通过广义S变换(GST)凸显时频特征差异。运用最大熵法和遗传算法(GA)求取时频滤波器的分割阈值。通过构造的时频滤波器达到干扰抑制的目的。仿真结果表明:当干信比(JSR)大于10 dB、信噪比(SNR)大于0 dB时, 所提方法具有较好的干扰抑制效果,其中最大信干噪比(SJNR)增益接近25 dB。      

大气密度变化对卫星返回轨道参数的影响

本文在考虑大气密度(90km高度以下) 随地理纬度、高度及时间(月份)随机变化的基础上,沿卫星的返回轨道建立了随机大气密度的统计模型。并应用该模型产生的随机大气密度样本,进行返回轨道的Monte Corlo法模拟计算。通过对模拟计算得到的返回轨道参数样本的统计处理,本文分析了大气密度变化对卫星返回轨道参数的影响。另外,本文还介绍了近似估计大气密度变化对返回轨道参数影响的影响系数法。     

追踪及凝视状态下地气光对空间目标成像影响

为了分析不同探测方式下地气光辐射对空间目标成像特性的影响,利用卫星仿真工具包(satellite tool kit,STK)设计了一个以地球同步轨道(geosynchronous orbit,GEO)卫星与中轨道(medium orbit,MEO)卫星上搭载的可见光成像器为探测平台,以高椭圆轨道(highly elli...     

基于深度学习的无人机数据链信噪比估计算法

无人机数据链通信受到各种自然与人为的干扰,信噪比（SNR）是信道状态和通信质量的有效评估指标。为解决传统估计算法信噪比估计精度不足的问题,提出了一种卷积神经网络（CNN）与长短时记忆（LSTM）网络结合的估计模型。利用仿真与实测相结合的方式,构建了一个包含不同信噪比、调制方式、衰落信道等信息的无人机通信信号数据集;在网络训练阶段,将样本序列进行分割,对分割后的每一部分序列使用CNN-LSTM网络提取深度特征,多次训练并保存模型参数;在测试阶段,利用构建好的测试集完成对算法的验证与测试,得到信噪比估计值。实验表明,相比于传统信噪比估计算法与单一网络结构的深度学习算法,所提算法的均方误差最低,实现了对信噪比的高精度估计。      

A Partially Orthogonal EnKF approach to atmospheric density estimation using orbital debris

A key requirement for accurate trajectory prediction and space situational awareness is knowledge of how non-conservative forces affect space object motion. These forces vary temporally and spatially, and are driven by the underlying behavior of space weather particularly in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Existing trajectory prediction algorithms adjust space weather models based on calibration satellite observations. However, lack of sufficient data and mismodeling of non-conservative forces cause inaccuracies in space object motion prediction, especially for uncontrolled debris objects. The uncontrolled nature of debris objects makes them particularly sensitive to the variations in space weather. Our research takes advantage of this behavior by utilizing observations of debris objects to infer the space environment parameters influencing their motion.The hypothesis of this research is that it is possible to utilize debris objects as passive, indirect sensors of the space environment. We focus on estimating atmospheric density and its spatial variability to allow for more precise prediction of LEO object motion. The estimated density is parameterized as a grid of values, distributed by latitude and local sidereal time over a spherical shell encompassing Earth at a fixed altitude of 400 km. The position and velocity of each debris object are also estimated. A Partially Orthogonal Ensemble Kalman Filter (POEnKF) is used for assimilation of space object measurements to estimate density.For performance comparison, the scenario characteristics (number of objects, measurement cadence, etc.) are based on a sensor tasking campaign executed for the High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model project. The POEnKF analysis details spatial comparisons between the true and estimated density fields, and quantifies the improved accuracy in debris object motion predictions due to more accurate drag force models from density estimates. It is shown that there is an advantage to utilizing multiple debris objects instead of just one object. Although the work presented here explores the POEnKF performance when using information from only 16 debris objects, the research vision is to utilize information from all routinely observed debris objects. Overall, the filter demonstrates the ability to estimate density to within a threshold of accuracy dependent on measurement/sensor error. In the case of a geomagnetic storm, the filter is able to track the storm and provide more accurate density estimates than would be achieved using a simple exponential atmospheric density model or MSIS Atmospheric Model (when calm conditions are assumed).     

A preliminary Chandra X-ray spectroscopy of the supernova remnant N132D

We present the preliminary results of a Chandra X-ray study of N132D, a young shell-like supernova remnant (SNR) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The equivalent width maps of emissions from O, Ne, Mg, Si, and S are provided. Spatially resolved spectral analysis for the small-scale regions were tentatively performed. X-ray spectra of the interior can be described with a single-thermal model. The faint interior regions have lower density, higher temperature above 1 keV than that of bright interior regions. The X-ray spectra along the shell can be phenomenally fitted with either a double-vpshock model or a vpshock + powerlaw model. If the non-thermal component is true, N132D would be listed as another X-ray synchrotron SNR.     

XMM-Newton survey of non-thermal shell candidates: Preliminary results on DA 530

The investigation of the general properties of non-thermal (NT) X-ray shell supernova remnants (SNRs), of which SN 1006 is the prototype, is important to understand how electrons are accelerated in SNR shocks and what is the origin of cosmic rays. Using the XMM-Newton satellite, we are carrying on a survey of putative non-thermal SNR candidates previously unknown or little studied in the X-ray band, in order to investigate the different manifestations of NT emission in SNR shells. The SNRs we have selected are likely to expand in a low density medium, and therefore to have a low thermal X-ray emission, that usually outshines the non-thermal one. We report here preliminary results obtained on the SNR shell DA 530.     

FTN传输条件下极化码帧间物理层安全结构设计

极化码是适用于物理层wiretap信道安全模型的一种编码方式,针对在超奈奎斯特（FTN）条件下传输的极化码,设计了一种无需获知窃听信道信噪比（SNR）的帧间链式加密的安全结构。通过混淆结构将对合法接收端可靠而对非法窃听端阻塞的码元进行扩散,利用物理层主信道和窃听信道的差异,在每一帧中生成主信道可译而窃听信道不可译的密钥序列,对下一帧进行加密,实现安全容量的帧间传输。仿真结果显示,在FTN加速场景和窃听信道SNR相对于主信道波动的前提下,提出的极化码帧间安全结构可在wiretap信道的平均信道退化程度为0 dB时实现信息的安全传输。      

Quantifying the relationship between the measurement precision and specifications of a UV/visible sensor on a geostationary satellite

To investigate the feasibility of new satellite observations, including air quality (AQ) observations from geostationary (GEO) orbit, it is essential to link the measurement precision (ε) with sensor specifications in advance. The present study attempts to formulate the linkage between ε and specifications of a UV/visible sensor (signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the slit function, and sampling ratio (SR)) on a GEO satellite. A sophisticated radiative transfer model (JACOSPAR) is used to calculate synthetic radiance spectra that would be measured by a UV/visible sensor observing the atmosphere over Tokyo (35.7°N, 139.7°E) from GEO orbit at 120°E longitude. The spectra, modified according to given sensor specifications, are analyzed by the differential optical absorption spectroscopy technique to estimate the ε for slant column densities of O₃ and NO₂. We find clear relationships: for example, the ε of the O₃ slant column density (molecules cm⁻²) and SNR at 330 nm are linked by the equation log(ε) = −1.06 · log(SNR) + 20.71 in the UV region, and the ε of the NO₂ slant column density and SNR at 450 nm are linked by log(ε) = −0.98 · log(SNR) + 18.00, at a FWHM = 0.6 nm (for the Gaussian slit function) and SR = 4. The relationships are mostly independent of other specifications (e.g., horizontal and temporal resolutions), as they affect ε primarily through SNR, providing constraints in determining the optimal SNR (and alternatively FWHM and SR) for similar UV/visible sensors dedicated for AQ studies.