Reduction of Positional Estimate Errors in HF Hyperbolic Position-Fixing Systems

A simple ionospheric prediction model is employed to determine the reduction in the positional estimate errors in HF hyperbolic position-fixing systems provided by the use of the model. Quantitative results of positional estimate errors before and after the application of the model to experimental time-delay data are compared.     

The effects of IF bandpass mismatch errors on adaptive cancellation

The effects of IF bandpass mismatch errors on adaptive cancellers are investigated. Frequency mismatch errors occur because of errors in the synthesis process of the bandpass filters which are designed to be identical and are in each input channel. Tapped-delay line transversal filters can be used to compensate for these frequency mismatches and thus improve cancellation performance. A pole/zero error model of the filters is developed whereby closed-form solutions of the maximum achievable average cancellation are obtained. This cancellation is a function of the order of the ideally matched frequency filters, the number of time-delay taps in the compensating transversal filter, the bandwidth-tapped time-delay product, and the constraints on these parameters. A design procedure is outlined for optimizing the canceller with respect to these parameters and their constraints; specifically, results are presented for Butterworth-type input filters. It is shown that an arbitrarily low output noise residue cannot be achieved by arbitrarily increasing the number of time-delay taps     

无线电干涉测量在深空航天器导航中的应用

介绍了用于确定航天器相对于自然射电源或另一颗航天器角位置的几种无线电干涉测量技术及其在深空探测航天器导航中的应用。差分干涉测量通过对传播时延进行差分消除了大量公共误差,可以达到很高的测角精度,对深空航天器的导航具有重要意义。针对几种干涉测量技术中包含的相位整周模糊这一关键问题,介绍了当前国际上的几种解决方法。系统地分析了影响干涉测量的主要误差源,并对这一领域未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

一种基于约束因子的超载迟滞模型

在常幅载荷中加入一个超载会明显影响后续一段时间裂纹扩展的速率.要准确预测结构在变幅载荷谱下的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,必须研究超载对裂纹扩展的影响.现有的变幅疲劳裂纹扩展模型大致可分为屈服区模型、经验的裂纹闭合模型和条带屈服模型.条带屈服模型预测较准确但需要数值迭代求解,计算量大,且程序复杂,不利于工程应用;屈服区模型比较简单...     

A tip clearance prediction model for multistage rotors and stators in aero-engines

Tip clearances of multistage rotors and stators greatly affect aero-engines’ aerodynamic efficiency, stability and safety. The inevitable machining and assembly errors, as well as the complicated error propagation mechanism, cause overproof or non-uniform tip clearances. However, it is generally accepted that tip clearances are difficult to predict, even under assembly state. In this paper, a tip clearance prediction model is proposed based on measured error data. Some 3D error propagation sub-models, regarding rotors, supports and casings, are built and combined. The complex error coupling relationship is uncovered using mathematical methods. Rotor and stator tip clearances are predicted and analyzed in different phase angles. The maximum, minimum and average tip clearances can be calculated. The proposed model is implemented by a computer program, and a case study illustrates its performance and verifies its feasibility. The results can be referred by engineers in assembly quality judgement and decision-making.     

基于面向对象方法的压气机性能计算

提出一套预测压气机未知特性的方法,并基于面向对象思想采用变比热容计算方法进行压气机性能计算的分析和编程.结合粒子群优化（PSO）的全局寻优能力和反向传播（BP）神经网络的局部寻优能力提出基于PSO的BP神经网络（PSO-BP神经网络）预测压气机特性,分析了其预测误差和拟合误差:拟合误差基本都小于0.5%,预测误差基本都小于0.8%.其拟合精度和预测精度满足要求.采用变比热容计算方法来计算压气机性能,并采用面向对象方法编写了压气机性能计算程序.对几个压气机变工况点进行验证,各输出参数的最大误差为1.12%.因此,特性预测方法和性能计算的数学模型适用于压气机性能计算,这套方法同样适用于燃气轮机性能计算.      

定向合金DZ125热/机械疲劳寿命预测模型评估

分别用微裂纹扩展模型、Manson-Coffin方程和拉伸迟滞能模型对DZ125定向凝固铸造镍基高温合金的热/机械疲劳寿命进行预测。预测结果发现:三种模型都能较好对DZ125合金的热/机械疲劳寿命进行预测(分散带为2倍左右)。通过分散带和标准差的定量比较发现:对于同相位、-135°相位和同相位带保持时间的热/机械疲劳,拉伸迟滞能寿命预测模型的预测结果比微裂纹扩展模型和Manson-Coffin方程的预测结果好;而对于反相位热/机械疲劳,微裂纹扩展模型的预测结果比拉伸迟滞能寿命预测模型和Manson-Coffin方程的预测结果好。      

GH169蠕变/疲劳交互作用下裂纹扩展研究

本文采用翻转电位法,研究了航空发动机的涡轮盘材料GH169在650℃时不同保持时间的蠕变疲劳交互作用下的裂纹扩展行为,进行了两种不同预测模型的比较,并用扫描电镜对断口作了微观分析。实验结果表明,利用Paris公式拟合初始裂纹扩展阶段实验数据时相关性差,但双曲正弦寿命预测模型具有良好的相关性及预测性,且这种模典更为方便实用。在实验中还发现逐次从小载荷循环增至大载荷循环的裂纹扩展速率比一次加载明显减慢。     

射频仿真幅相控制误差对目标位置精度的影响分析

在射频仿真系统中,精确的目标位置通过“三元组”幅相控制实现,幅相控制误差直接影响阵列上目标位置的模拟精度。详细推导了角闪烁方程,以此建立了幅控误差传播模型,提出了相控误差传播的等效分析方法,分析了幅相控误差对目标位置精度影响的基本规律。基本分析结论经仿真验证正确,具有工程指导意义。     

Atmospheric Error in Range and Range-Rate Measurements between a Ground Station and an Artificial Satellite

The propagation errors caused by the atmosphere are investigated in order to find out the causes of the observed errors in range and range-rate measurements between a ground station and an artificial satellite. The calculations show that the observed errors are mostly caused by the measuring instruments. The propagation errors are mainly caused by increases, decreases, or fluctuations of the refractive index of the atmosphere, and the errors caused by the refraction of the propagation path are about 10 percent of the errors caused by the decrease of the propagation velocity. The tropospheric range errors are less than 150 meters and are approximately expressed by a cotangent function, and they are reduced by about 90 percent through the use of monthly average refractivity profiles of the troposphere. The ionospheric errors are usually negligible at centimeter radio waves (less than 10 cm), and even at decimeter waves or meter waves almost all errors can be removed by the use of two different frequencies on the down-link so that the range can be made independent of frequency.     

三维非平面裂纹扩展参数化模拟方法

发展一种基于有限元方法（FEM）的自动模拟三维非平面裂纹扩展的模拟方法。该方法采用参数化建模的方式建立裂纹体,以镶嵌裂纹体的方式在结构中插入裂纹,然后通过有限元计算得到裂纹扩展参量,自动更新裂纹体从而模拟裂纹的扩展过程。通过模拟三个裂纹扩展算例,计算了裂纹扩展循环数,对比试验结果,误差分别为195%、161%、21%。结果表明:该方法能够模拟三维非平面裂纹的扩展并计算扩展寿命,具有一定的精度和适用性。      

基于流管试验的管道声传播预测

通过平板声衬流管试验,测试了管道内无流动和有流动下不同入射声波频率的管道壁面复声压,并基于试验模型与数据分别开展了二维和三维管道声传播预测,将试验测量结果与预测结果进行了对比。结果表明:二维和三维的预测结果非常吻合,尤其是在无流动条件下;在不同流动条件和不同频率下,声传播预测给出了与试验数据较为吻合的结果,壁面声压级的趋势与试验结果一致,基本验证了管道声传播预测模型的准确性;对比不同流动条件和频率点,有流动下预测的壁面声压级的误差比无流动更大,低频下预测的壁面声压级的误差比高频更大。      

Filtering of discontinuous processes arising in marine integratednavigation systems

A refined stochastic model for the errors of the Loran-C radio navigation aid is described, and it is shown how this model can be used to improve the performance of integrated navigation systems. In addition to the usual propagation errors, Loran-C time of arrival measurements are occasionally plagued with sudden intermittent errors of a particular magnitude and caused by receiver cycle selection errors. These result in sudden large jumps in the calculated position solution. The Loran-C error has been modeled as the sum of a diffusion process, representing the normal propagating errors, and a pure jump process of Poisson type, representing the cycle selection errors. A simple integrated navigation system is then described, based on the Loran-C model and the standard dead reckoning (heading and speed) system model. Assuming that the observed process is governed by a linear stochastic difference equation, a recursive linear unbiased minimum variance filter is developed, from which the Loran-C and dead reckoning errors, and hence position and velocity, can be estimated     

改进的多级涡轮噪声经验预测模型

基于早期的涡轮噪声经验预测模型和涡轮噪声试验数据,对影响涡轮噪声的关键涡轮参数进行了分析,发展了改进的多级涡轮噪声经验预测模型.该模型由单级涡轮噪声计算、涡轮噪声在下游涡轮级中传播的衰减量计算和各级涡轮噪声叠加3个部分组成.采用涡轮噪声试验数据对单级涡轮噪声计算方法进行了验证.结果表明:该单级涡轮噪声计算方法的计算结果误差小于1.5dB.由试验数据拟合得到的涡轮噪声叶片排衰减经验预测模型也被应用于该改进的多级涡轮噪声经验预测模型中.与早期经验预测模型相比,改进模型的计算方法更合理,噪声预测结果更可靠.      

城市空间无线定位信号传播模型校正方法研究

城市空间中的无线定位信号会因建筑物的遮挡等原因发生不同程度的衰落,信号的传播模型能够较好地描述这种衰落情况。传播模型是时分码分-正交频分复用(TimeCode DivisionOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,TC-OFDM)信号进行广域室内外无缝定位网络规划的基础,传播模型的准确性直接关系到基站布局规划的合理性。在对经典室外传播模型和现有模型校正方法研究的基础上,提出了一种新型的基于非线性最小二乘法的Okumura-Hata校正模型,通过添加校正因子使模型更加接近实测数据。误差分析和仿真结果表明,相比传统的室外传播模型,所提出的校正模型可以提高TC-OFDM信号的预测准确度5dB以上,为TC-OFDM基站的合理布局提供理论依据。     

粉末冶金涡轮盘裂纹扩展寿命分析

采用J积分方法建立了断裂力学有限元模型,对FGH95粉末高温合金标准紧凑拉伸(CT)试样的裂纹扩展试验结果进行了数值模拟,分析了材料的裂纹扩展规律。计算结果与试验结果吻合很好,表明了分析方法的准确性及可行性。将该方法加以拓展,建立了含有不同尺寸缺陷的粉末盘断裂力学有限元模型,并对其裂纹扩展寿命进行了评估。与传统预测方法相比,该方法将给出更为实际的结果,可应用于复杂构件裂纹扩展特性的工程分析。     

鲁棒EKF在脉冲星导航系统中的应用

针对脉冲星导航系统的滤波问题,传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法存在不能克服系统模型存在不确定性参数以及乘性噪声等缺陷,提出一种鲁棒EKF算法。首先,分析了状态预测误差方程和估计误差方程,利用统计学原理,得到了状态预测方差矩阵和状态估计方差矩阵计算等式。由于系统模型存在不确定性参数,状态预测协方差矩阵和状态估计协方差矩阵无法计算;因此,利用4个重要矩阵不等式,分析并找到预测方差矩阵和状态估计方差矩阵的上界。最后,利用状态估计误差协方差矩阵上界设计状态增益矩阵,使得状态估计协方差矩阵的迹最小。将该算法对脉冲星导航系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

地月系共线平动点探测器的星上轨道预报问题

针对定点在地月系共线平动点附近运动的探测器,研究其轨道预报问题,并探讨了星上外推预报时的力模型简化问题。首先定量分析了共线平动点L1和L2附近探测器的受力情形;然后构造了真实力模型下这些点附近的目标轨道并研究了其误差传播规律,指出这类轨道相比一般卫星轨道预报的不同特征;最后结合星上有限的计算和存储资源限制探讨了力模型的简化问题。此项工作可为定点在平动点附近的探测器的星上预报提供参考。     

基于神经网络的体视PIV空间标定模型

体视粒子图像测速（SPIV）中的空间标定精度对SPIV的测试结果精度有较大影响。为研究标定模型对输入误差的处理能力,定义了一个无量纲参数——误差衰减系数,来评判空间标定模型对误差的响应。在此基础上针对SPIV两相机空间标定的误差产生和传播特性,发展了一种基于神经网络的且具有联合标定能力的SPIV空间标定模型。使用仿真实验手段,证实了该神经网络模型在很大的参数空间内均具有对输入误差的抑制能力,而传统的多项式模型或小孔模型并不具备这一能力;此外,神经网络模型在高光学畸变情况下的表现也优于多项式模型及小孔模型。因此,神经网络具备替换传统空间标定模型的能力,有助于提高SPIV的测量精度。最后在实验中证实了神经网络标定模型的空间定位误差仅为传统模型的1/4。     

Active flutter suppression of a multiple-actuated-wing wind tunnel model

In this study, a multi-input/multi-output（MIMO） time-delay feedback controller is designed to actively suppress the flutter instability of a multiple-actuated-wing（MAW） wind tunnel model in the low subsonic flow regime. The unsteady aerodynamic forces of the MAW model are computed based on the doublet-lattice method（DLM）. As the first attempt, the conventional linear quadratic-Gaussian（LQG） controller is designed to actively suppress the flutter of the MAW model. However, because of the time delay in the control loop, the wind tunnel tests illustrate that the LQG-controlled MAW model has no guaranteed stability margins. To compensate the time delay, hence, a time-delay filter, approximated via the first-order Pade approximation, is added to the LQG controller. Based on the time-delay feedback controller, a new digital control system is constructed by using a fixed-point and embedded digital signal processor（DSP） of high performance. Then, a number of wind tunnel tests are implemented based on the digital control system.The experimental results show that the present time-delay feedback controller can expand the flutter boundary of the MAW model and suppress the flutter instability of the open-loop aeroelastic system effectively.