侵蚀燃速辨识

本文将控制论中的辨识技术用于确定固体推进剂火箭发动机装药的侵蚀燃速关系式,对燃速辨识方法作了较为全面和详细的研究.通过对假想发动机作燃速辨识,对该方法的可行性作了充分的论证.用燃速辨识法对真实型号的发动机作了侵蚀燃速辨识,获得了同一发动机装药在不同初温下侵蚀燃速关系式.由于燃速辨识仅需利用一条发动机试车压力一时间曲线,并且在电子计算机上用最优化方法给出结果,因而该方法具有迅速、经济、准确等优点,能更实际地研究固体火箭发动机工作状态下的装药侵蚀燃烧特性.而且便于观察过去实验研究做得较少的初温对侵蚀燃速的影响.这是一种在工程应用上确定装药侵蚀燃速的切实可行的方法.     

在高燃速推进剂中粗颗粒铝粉的作用

本文用50μm铝粉作复合固体推进剂金属燃料,与大量超细氧化剂(AP)组成合理级配,改善了药浆流变特性,有利于提高燃速。50μm铝粉的推进剂药条的燃速及φ118发动机推进剂的燃速比相应的填加30μm铝粉的高2～3mm/s。讨论了50μm铝粉对推进剂工艺和燃速所起的作用。     

固体发动机药柱燃速估算的试验研究

本文叙述了由112mm发动机估算880mm发动机药柱燃速的试验研究.经统计分析,给出了大、小发动机药柱燃速之间的三个关系式,以及相应的估算误差.采用有效燃速可使估算误差t·S_y/(?)(%)减小至1.5%左右.     

固体火箭发动机中推进剂燃速的预测(综述)

本文论述了燃速预测的重要性,分析了发动机中实际燃速与预测燃速的差异,分别评述了SPP程序对燃速的处理方法、标准发动机预测燃速的要求、测试精度对燃速相关性的影响以及用燃烧理论模型进行燃速相关的问题.介绍了端面燃烧药的锥化现象和内孔燃烧药柱的驼峰效应.最后对开展燃速预测的研究工作提出了建议.     

固液火箭发动机试验燃速的计算

基于固液火箭发动机固体药柱燃速与药柱通道氧化剂质量流率的关系,推导分析得出:在2s短工作时间内或者药柱通道直径增大10%的情况下,燃烧室压力与其氧化剂质量流量成正比.因此通过试验测量的燃烧室压力可计算得到发动机转级或者关机拖尾段中的氧化剂质量流量.据此,计算发动机拖尾段消耗的燃料质量,消除发动机拖尾段燃料消耗对平均燃速的影响,可以修正常用的计算试验燃速的起止点平均法.利用此方法对两种试验推进剂组合的燃速进行了计算,原偏高的燃速值降低约20%,不同尺寸发动机的燃速符合尺寸规律,偏差在5%以内,使小尺寸发动机测得的燃速可应用到大尺寸发动机的设计中.      

采用N_2O与含金属HTPB燃料固液火箭发动机燃速试验研究(英文)

为了研究含金属固体燃料固液火箭发动机的燃速及发动机的工作特征,采用N2O氧化剂与含Al,Mg和C的HTPB基固体燃料的固液发动机进行试验研究与分析,试验在3种尺寸药柱、多种氧化剂流量下进行,获得发动机的燃速、燃烧室压强及燃烧效率等参数。为分析辐射换热对燃速的影响,把燃速分成两部分并提出相应的分析式:一部分由对流换热控制的燃速,由通过药柱通道的总质量流率来衡量;另一部分由辐射换热控制,通过燃烧产物中凝相组分对固体燃料壁面的辐射换热量决定。对试验结果进行分析发现,除富氧的情况外,热辐射控制的燃速约占总燃速的30%~60%,辐射控制燃速与对流控制燃速的比例趋势与燃烧产物中凝相组分的质量分数随氧燃比的变化规律相似。同时,试验结果显示,试验燃速总体上随着固体药柱通道中氧化剂质量流率的增加而增大。发动机的燃烧效率绝大多数位于80%~97%的范围,在化学当量比附近和富氧范围内,随着燃烧温度的降低而降低,效率曲线与理论绝热燃烧温度值的平方相似。     

高速旋转固体发动机低燃速推进剂燃速性能的研究

本文研究了推进剂的降速剂种类及其含量、氧化剂粒度和粒度分布,以及发动机的旋转对低燃速固体推进剂燃速性能的影响.并研究了采用新型药条包覆剂提高推进剂燃速测试精度的方法.在此基础上,研制出稳定的低燃速复合固体推进剂.它具有高的燃速精度,较低的压强指数.文章还指出了发动机的高速旋转(2400r/min)对推进剂的燃速性能和比冲的影响.     

固体火箭发动机HTPB推进剂燃速性能老化研究

为研究某型固体火箭发动机高燃速端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂在全寿命期内的燃烧性能——燃速,通过高温加速老化实验和活化能理论推测出发动机推进剂在常温25℃下和高温70℃下的老化速度;由此,通过高温70℃的加速老化实验来获得不同贮存期的发动机推进剂试验样本;通过推进剂燃烧实验,测试了不同贮存期的推进剂的燃速,结果表明,随着发动机贮存时间的延长,HTPB推进剂燃速逐渐降低。     

超期贮存发动机固体推进剂能量特性试验研究

固体推进剂的老化,会使其燃速、爆热值下降,势必会影响固体火箭发动机的内弹道性能,从而影响导弹的正常飞行。文中介绍了通过3台超期贮存的某型固体发动机的解剖,并对其推进剂的燃速和爆热进行了试验测定;根据试验数据,对该型超期固体发动机进行了内弹道仿真及相关计算,得到了不同贮存期发动机的比冲和推力,为正确评估该型发动机服役寿命提供了参考数据。     

无喷管发动机燃速特性的实验研究

针对无喷管发动机的工作特点,采用二维片型装药实验方案,对高燃速含铝丁羟复合推进剂做了相当数量的试验来研究其燃速特性.试验参数的选择应用正交设计法.在此试验的基础上,参照有关的燃烧理论,得出了适合无喷管发动机工作特点的固体推进剂的实际燃速表达式.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.