航空材料简讯

航空材料简讯机敏涂层目前正在飞机上进行一种涂层的飞行试验，这种涂层内包含有Ｆｉｓｈｂｙ技术公司的Ｔｈｅｒｍａｓｏｒｂ吸热材料，它是一种装入微型胶囊的可产生相变的材料。研制该材料的目的是为了使新飞机设计中能采用温度较低的材料或者提高现有飞机结构的热防护...     

红外热像检测技术在吸波涂层缺陷研究中的应用

采用红外热像技术探索了一种吸波材料脱粘缺陷无损检测的方法。在铝合金基材上制备具有不同脱粘缺陷的吸波材料。采用红外热像检测系统监测热激励后材料样品表面的温度变化。通过对热图像和温度变化数据的分析,获得材料表面或缺陷的特征。试验表明这一方法可以有效地检测出铝合金基材上铁磁性吸波涂层脱粘缺陷,测量简便、结果直观,对涂层无损坏,可以实现吸波涂层施工中吸波涂层质量和使用过程中涂层可靠性的监控。     

纳米Y-PSZ基材料高温封严涂层的研制

前期探讨高温环境使用的封严涂层。研制出可磨耗封严涂层材料,以纳米Y-PSZ为基相材料,添加定量的高温软相和造孔组分,获得一种添加相分布均匀,组织细小松软的团聚型封严涂层材料粉末。并成功采用APS在试验基体上制备出≥1.0mm厚的涂层。对涂层组织、表面洛氏硬度、附着强度进行检测,并初步讨论相关性能。结果表明,研制的涂层硬度保持在HR45Y 30~55,并且孔隙率控制在30%的涂层具有适宜的结合强度和硬度,能够满足使用时的硬度和结合强度要求。     

涂层材料瞬态传热实验与导热系数辨识

针对涂层-基体一体化的双层结构,为测试评估其中涂层材料的导热性能,提出基于瞬态平面热源法（transient plane source, TPS）的涂层材料导热系数反演辨识方法。根据Hot-Disk实验测试原理,建立基体-涂层-探头整体的二维非稳态传热模型;结合测量过程中的瞬时温升数据信息,采用粒子群优化算法反演辨识获得涂层材料的导热系数;并通过实验和数值模拟论证了上述方法的可靠性。结果表明：该测量方法能够有效获得涂层导热系数,测试反演的数值偏差小于4.0%。最后,实际测量和反演辨识获得了一种涂层材料常温至773 K的导热系数,随温度提高呈现增大趋势,数值范围为0.18～0.29 W/(m·K)。     

耐烧蚀隔热涂层的研制

文摘采用环氧改性有机硅树脂、低温消融型填料、耐高温填料、增强剂、增韧剂及高成碳率的钡酚醛树脂粉等制备了一种耐烧蚀隔热涂层,研究了混配后涂层的耐烧蚀隔热性能。结果表明,该涂层是一种性能优良的防热涂层材料,具有良好的隔热和耐烧蚀性能,可用于火箭、导弹等飞行器的表面以及各种设备的防热保护。     

ZrO2梯度涂层热震的有限元分析

随着功能梯度材料概念的提出,功能梯度隔热涂层也随之问世,它是超高温材料发展的一个重要方向。功能梯度隔热涂层是把金属-陶瓷功能材料制备到基体上形成隔热涂层,是满足金属工程部件在高温环境中正常工作的一种表面技术。其主要功能是阻止高温、高热量燃气的入侵,提高基体金属部件的使用温度和使用寿命。有关资料表明,250μm厚的ZrO_2功能梯度隔热涂层     

可磨耗封严涂层研究进展

可磨耗封严涂层是一种重要的热喷涂涂层,广泛应用于飞机发动机,对提高发动机效率、降低油耗进而提升发动机整体性能具有重要意义.本文介绍了可磨耗封严涂层材料的主要种类及其发展趋势,阐述了可磨耗封严涂层性能评价方法.     

喷涂高温高辐射涂层的研究

前言在某些辐射防热的场合,往往采用高辐射系数的涂层来实现辐射冷却。就涂层来说,既要求在高温及宽的温度范围内具有高辐射系数,又要求它能耐高温,并和底材结合良好。等离子喷涂是制备无机涂层的一种高温涂层工艺,等离子焰流温度很高,能使各种无机材料熔化,因此可以喷涂各种材料,制备出各种用途的涂层。例如,防热、隔热、耐磨密封、介电绝缘等。利用涂层的辐射性能,制备高辐     

耐腐蚀涂层

Battelle-Northwest公司的研究人员现已研制出一种玻璃态不锈钢涂层材料,共耐腐蚀性能可与钛材相比拟。 研制这种涂层的目的是把它作为廉价材料取代用于腐蚀环境(如海水、地热井、核发电厂以及其它含氯液体环境)中的钛材。这种涂层材料的生产过程是使熔融金属以大约每秒十亿度的速率凝聚,这样原子运动被极快地冻结,从而它们没有时间排列成晶体,得到类似     

新型耐烧蚀涂层防隔热性能

介绍了一种新型发动机用外防热材料,该防热材料在短时间高热流的条件下,通过电弧风洞试验 考核,试样的背壁温度可降低至144℃,相较于无涂层试样,背温的降温幅度高于300℃。0. 5 mm 厚涂层与0. 8 mm 厚涂层相比,试样背温并无明显优势。且室温固化涂层比高温固化涂层试样背壁温度低30℃,均低于 234℃,均满足设计指标要求的背壁温度低于350℃的使用需求。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。