两方程湍流模型的可压缩性修正及其应用

本文在不可压两方程湍流模型的基础上进行可压缩性修正,给出了ｋ－ε、ｋ－ε两方程模型的可压缩性修正方程,并对亚声平板湍流流动和跨声喷管流动进行了数值模拟,得到了较好的结果。从而证实了两方程湍流模型经过可压缩性修正,能较好地模拟可压缩流动。     

超燃发动机燃烧室流场的数值模拟

用显式有限差分法对超燃发动机（Ｓｃｒａｍｊｅｔ）的燃烧室内流场进行了数值模拟。计算中采用了ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ两步显格式、Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ代数湍流模型以及两方程、四组分的化学反应模型。为了解决源项的刚性问题，运用点隐式方法对它作了隐式处理。     

弹丸侧喷三维干扰湍流场数值模拟

为了研究弹丸侧喷复杂干扰湍流场的特性，从雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程出发，应用三维隐式有限体积TVD格式，在超声速和零迎角条件下，对侧喷增程无翼弹三维干扰湍流场进行了数值模拟，采用代数广泛一成了包含弹底的弹体绕流场O型网格而避免分区计算，为精确模拟侧喷口成功生成了侧喷口贴体网格，湍流模型采用高雷诺数两方程к-ε湍流模型，计算结果得到了清晰的流场波系结构，并从流场波系结构，弹体和弹底表面压力分布等角度与无侧喷流情况进行了对比与分析，表明侧喷流不仅提供增程推力，而且改变了弹丸阻力特性，其结果对于研究弹丸的火箭增程技术具的重要意义。     

双燃式冲压发动机中超燃燃烧室冷态流场数值模拟

采用Ｍａｃ Ｃｏｒｍ ａｃｋ 矢通分裂格式, 求解雷诺平均的Ｎ－Ｓ方程组, 采用Ｂａｌｄｗ ｉｎ－Ｌｏ－ｍ ａｘ 代数湍流模型和混合长度模型, 模拟超燃燃烧室内两股平行超声速来流的冷态流场, 取得了与试验相一致的结果, 计算表明回流区和射流流动参数对超燃燃烧室流场内波系的变化有着较大的影响。     

高空台扩压器的数值模拟

从雷诺平均的非定常Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程出发,利用时间相关法,采用ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ两步显格式,结合Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ代数湍流模型,数值模拟了高空台扩压器的内部流场,并计算了扩压器的性能。结果表明,采用求解Ｎ－Ｓ方程的方法计算高空台扩压器性能是一种有效的方法。     

正交射流煤粉燃烧器冷态流场的数值计算

本文采用ｋ－ε双方程湍流模型对正交射流煤粉燃烧器出口三维湍回流流动进行了数值研究，得到了副射流与主流速度比为２。５时的正交射流尾迹流场持速度分布、回流特性，并比较了不同速度比时的流场计算结果。计算结果与实测数据符合较好，所得结论对分析正交流燃烧器的稳燃机理具有一定作用。     

气固两相流k-ε-kp-εp双流体模型及应用

以流体ｋ－ε双方程模型为基础，提出了一种包括颗粒湍动能输运方程和耗散率方程的ｋ－ε－ｋｐ－εｐ两相湍流模型。并对两个垂直上升管道内气固两相湍流进行了数值计算，计算结果和已有实验结果吻合得很好。     

斜切反喷管粘性流场数值模

为了在级间分离期间提供反推力，许多固体火箭发动机前端都装有一组斜切反喷管，由于反喷管气动型面具有尖点，并在超音速区有台阶，喷管内存在一系列激波，并伴有流动分离现象。从雷诺平均的非定常Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程出发，利用时间相关法，采用ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ两步显格式，结合Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ代数湍流模型，数值模拟了斜切反喷管流场。计算得到的壁面压强分布与风洞吹风实验测得的压强分市相当一致。     

发动机加力燃烧室湍流流场数值计算

采用非正交曲线坐标系下非交错网格的ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法,对航空发动机加力燃烧室气相燃烧的湍流流场进行了数值计算,湍流模型采用ｋ－ε双方程模型,平均化学反应速率采用涡旋破碎模型（ＥＢＵ）计算,对ＥＢＵ模型的缺陷作了讨论。差分网格采用分区方法生成,计算时对整个流场进行分区迭代直至得到收敛结果,数值计算结果合理。     

斜切反喷管粘性流场数值模拟

为了在级间分离期间提供反推力，许多固体火箭发动机前端都装有一组斜切反管，由于反管气动型面具有尖点，并在超音速区有台阶，喷管内存在一系列激波，并伴有流动分离现象。从雷诺平均的非定常Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程出发，利用时间相关法，采用ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ两步显格式，结合Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ代数湍流模型，数值模拟了斜切反喷管流场。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。