三维加力燃烧室湍流流场的数值模拟

采用SIMPLE方法,对涡扇航空发动机加力燃烧室内无化学反应的湍流流场进行了数值模拟。该加力燃烧室带有波瓣型混合器,并有多个环形稳定器及径向稳定器。湍流模型采用kε双方程模型。湍流流场数值计算结果合理。     

三维加力燃烧室两相湍流燃烧的数值模拟

本文对涡扇发动机三维加力燃烧室内的两相湍流燃烧过程进行了数值模拟。两相流模型采用双流体模型,湍流模型采用标准 k-ε模型,湍流燃烧采用涡旋破碎 ( EBU)模型,数值方法采用 LEAGAP算法。计算结果定性合理。      

突扩燃烧室湍流射流的相互作用及其对燃烧与混合的影响

本文应用κ－ε湍流模型和快速化学反应的守恒标量简化ＰＤＦ模型,对有中心射流和环状射流相互作用的突扩燃烧室内的湍流流动,混合与扩散燃烧进行了数值模拟。研究了环状射流与中心射流的速度比在较大范围内改变时突扩燃烧室内湍流回流流场的变化,揭示了较大的射流速度比对突扩燃烧室内湍流混合与燃烧的强化作用。     

加力室液雾燃烧的模型与应用

提出了描写航空发动机加力燃烧室内气液两相湍流燃烧的控制方程,采用了双流体模型,高温辐射通量模型,双时间尺度湍流K-ε模型,应用SIMPLE方法解这组方程,对二维轴对称的涡喷加力燃烧室进行计算,证明应用本文的液雾燃烧模型可以得出合理的计算结果。      

发动机加力燃烧室湍流流场数值计算

采用非正交曲线坐标系下非交错网格的ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法,对航空发动机加力燃烧室气相燃烧的湍流流场进行了数值计算,湍流模型采用ｋ－ε双方程模型,平均化学反应速率采用涡旋破碎模型（ＥＢＵ）计算,对ＥＢＵ模型的缺陷作了讨论。差分网格采用分区方法生成,计算时对整个流场进行分区迭代直至得到收敛结果,数值计算结果合理。     

湍流燃烧模型对双旋流燃烧室喷雾燃烧的影响

采用数值模拟与试验测量相结合的方法,研究扩展旋涡破碎模型、扩展二阶矩模型和涡团耗散概念模型等三种湍流燃烧模型对双旋流湍流喷雾燃烧流场的影响.在任意曲线坐标系下数值研究双级轴向旋流器环形燃烧室全流程流场,采用粒子图像测速仪测量燃烧流场气流速度分布,热电偶测量燃烧室出口温度分布.计算结果与验证试验数据比较表明:不同湍流燃烧模型对双旋流湍流喷雾燃烧影响较大,所得的回流区形状、速度、温度场以及出口温度分布等都不太相同,其中扩展二阶矩模型所得的结果与试验值符合最好,更适用于模拟双旋流环形燃烧室湍流喷雾燃烧.     

自适应湍流耦合建表燃烧模型的振荡燃烧数值模拟

航空发动机及燃气轮机等动力装备燃烧室广泛采用的贫燃燃烧方式经常遇到破坏性的非定常热声耦合振荡燃烧问题。非定常振荡燃烧数值预测是一个长期的研究热点和难题。发展了针对振荡燃烧的耦合直接求解数值模拟方法，包括优化的动态模型参数的高精度自适应湍流模型（SATES），耦合可压缩的详细化学反应建表FGM燃烧模型。选取的3种湍流燃烧模型包括有限速率模型（W1）及火焰面密度封闭方法中的Zimont(W2)和Fureby(W3)2种褶皱因子模型。针对经典的LIMOUSINE燃烧室多个部分预混振荡燃烧工况开展了数值研究，发现自适应湍流模拟框架下的3种燃烧模型均准确预测到了振荡燃烧的振荡频率，与试验相比，误差<6.4%；对于振荡燃烧压力脉动振幅的预测结果，有限速率模型（W1）和Zimont(W2)模型结果显著大于试验值，误差>380%;Fureby(W3)模型结果与试验值吻合较好，误差<17.9%。表明振荡燃烧的数值预测对不同的湍流及湍流燃烧模型具有较高的敏感性。不同的工况结果表明，振荡燃烧存在完全振荡模态和过渡模态，完全振荡模态中数值预测的特征主频在燃烧室上下游多个位置趋于一致；过渡振荡...     

主燃孔射流对模型燃烧室流动及燃烧影响的数值研究

数值研究不同主燃孔射流对模型燃烧室内湍流流动与液雾燃烧全流程流场的影响,采用微分方程和分区相结合方法生成包括突扩扩压器、帽罩、双级轴向旋流器、火焰筒及内外环通道的模型燃烧室三维结构化网格;在任意曲线坐标系下采用多区域耦合法计算模型燃烧室的流场.采用RNG(re-normalization group)k-ε湍流模型,旋涡破碎湍流燃烧模型模拟湍流燃烧过程;颗粒轨道模型模拟两相流动.计算结果与试验数据的比较表明:本计算方法与数学模型适用于预测模型燃烧室湍流冷、热态流场;主燃孔结构参数变化对气流温度分布的影响比对回流区尺寸与速度分布的影响更为明显,其中主燃孔Ⅱ的出口温度分布要比其他主燃孔的出口温度分布更为合理.     

水蒸气对非预混燃烧室NO_x排放数值模拟研究

为研究水蒸气的混入对实际工作条件下的涡轮发动机燃烧室流场及NOx排放分布影响,采用Laminar flamelet燃烧模型对不同水蒸气含量下的煤油燃烧进行三维数值模拟。湍流及燃烧模型采用DLR-A湍流非预混射流火焰模型实验进行校验。燃烧室的计算结果表明,水蒸气的混入会减少燃烧室高温火焰燃烧区的尺寸和温度,流场的构型变化不大。通过OH基的组分分布及含量变化分析可知,在本文计算参数范围内,水蒸气会促使燃烧反应向下游移动。在起飞工作条件下,水蒸气进入燃烧室时其组分稀释及热沉为主要作用,化学反应的促进燃烧放热相对较小。当水蒸气的质量分数达到15%时,可减少约95%的NOx排放量。     

基于火焰面模型的超声速湍流燃烧数值模拟研究

在非结构混合网格有限体积框架下,将RANS方程和层流火焰面模型相结合,开展超声速湍流燃烧流动数值模拟研究,时间和空间离散分别采用LU-SGS格式和HLLC格式。用SST k-ω模型模拟湍流,FlameMaster 3.9生成火焰面数据库,并采用β-PDF和δ-PDF分布来考察湍流和化学反应的相互作用。采用该数值方法,对DLR氢燃料超燃燃烧室和北航乙烯燃料气动斜坡超燃燃烧室开展了数值模拟研究,并将数值计算结果与实验数据进行对比,二者符合较好。研究结果表明:在主流中心支板顺流喷射超燃燃烧室内,燃烧主要发生在支板后的燃料/空气混合层内,并且火焰核心落在恰当混合物分数Zst附近区域。      

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.