三维加力燃烧室湍流流场的数值模拟

采用SIMPLE方法,对涡扇航空发动机加力燃烧室内无化学反应的湍流流场进行了数值模拟。该加力燃烧室带有波瓣型混合器,并有多个环形稳定器及径向稳定器。湍流模型采用kε双方程模型。湍流流场数值计算结果合理。     

三维加力燃烧室两相湍流燃烧的数值模拟

本文对涡扇发动机三维加力燃烧室内的两相湍流燃烧过程进行了数值模拟。两相流模型采用双流体模型,湍流模型采用标准 k-ε模型,湍流燃烧采用涡旋破碎 ( EBU)模型,数值方法采用 LEAGAP算法。计算结果定性合理。      

突扩燃烧室湍流射流的相互作用及其对燃烧与混合的影响

本文应用κ－ε湍流模型和快速化学反应的守恒标量简化ＰＤＦ模型,对有中心射流和环状射流相互作用的突扩燃烧室内的湍流流动,混合与扩散燃烧进行了数值模拟。研究了环状射流与中心射流的速度比在较大范围内改变时突扩燃烧室内湍流回流流场的变化,揭示了较大的射流速度比对突扩燃烧室内湍流混合与燃烧的强化作用。     

加力室液雾燃烧的模型与应用

提出了描写航空发动机加力燃烧室内气液两相湍流燃烧的控制方程,采用了双流体模型,高温辐射通量模型,双时间尺度湍流K-ε模型,应用SIMPLE方法解这组方程,对二维轴对称的涡喷加力燃烧室进行计算,证明应用本文的液雾燃烧模型可以得出合理的计算结果。      

发动机加力燃烧室湍流流场数值计算

采用非正交曲线坐标系下非交错网格的ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法,对航空发动机加力燃烧室气相燃烧的湍流流场进行了数值计算,湍流模型采用ｋ－ε双方程模型,平均化学反应速率采用涡旋破碎模型（ＥＢＵ）计算,对ＥＢＵ模型的缺陷作了讨论。差分网格采用分区方法生成,计算时对整个流场进行分区迭代直至得到收敛结果,数值计算结果合理。     

湍流燃烧模型对双旋流燃烧室喷雾燃烧的影响

采用数值模拟与试验测量相结合的方法,研究扩展旋涡破碎模型、扩展二阶矩模型和涡团耗散概念模型等三种湍流燃烧模型对双旋流湍流喷雾燃烧流场的影响.在任意曲线坐标系下数值研究双级轴向旋流器环形燃烧室全流程流场,采用粒子图像测速仪测量燃烧流场气流速度分布,热电偶测量燃烧室出口温度分布.计算结果与验证试验数据比较表明:不同湍流燃烧模型对双旋流湍流喷雾燃烧影响较大,所得的回流区形状、速度、温度场以及出口温度分布等都不太相同,其中扩展二阶矩模型所得的结果与试验值符合最好,更适用于模拟双旋流环形燃烧室湍流喷雾燃烧.     

自适应湍流耦合建表燃烧模型的振荡燃烧数值模拟

航空发动机及燃气轮机等动力装备燃烧室广泛采用的贫燃燃烧方式经常遇到破坏性的非定常热声耦合振荡燃烧问题。非定常振荡燃烧数值预测是一个长期的研究热点和难题。发展了针对振荡燃烧的耦合直接求解数值模拟方法，包括优化的动态模型参数的高精度自适应湍流模型（SATES），耦合可压缩的详细化学反应建表FGM燃烧模型。选取的3种湍流燃烧模型包括有限速率模型（W1）及火焰面密度封闭方法中的Zimont(W2)和Fureby(W3)2种褶皱因子模型。针对经典的LIMOUSINE燃烧室多个部分预混振荡燃烧工况开展了数值研究，发现自适应湍流模拟框架下的3种燃烧模型均准确预测到了振荡燃烧的振荡频率，与试验相比，误差<6.4%；对于振荡燃烧压力脉动振幅的预测结果，有限速率模型（W1）和Zimont(W2)模型结果显著大于试验值，误差>380%;Fureby(W3)模型结果与试验值吻合较好，误差<17.9%。表明振荡燃烧的数值预测对不同的湍流及湍流燃烧模型具有较高的敏感性。不同的工况结果表明，振荡燃烧存在完全振荡模态和过渡模态，完全振荡模态中数值预测的特征主频在燃烧室上下游多个位置趋于一致；过渡振荡...     

主燃孔射流对模型燃烧室流动及燃烧影响的数值研究

数值研究不同主燃孔射流对模型燃烧室内湍流流动与液雾燃烧全流程流场的影响,采用微分方程和分区相结合方法生成包括突扩扩压器、帽罩、双级轴向旋流器、火焰筒及内外环通道的模型燃烧室三维结构化网格;在任意曲线坐标系下采用多区域耦合法计算模型燃烧室的流场.采用RNG(re-normalization group)k-ε湍流模型,旋涡破碎湍流燃烧模型模拟湍流燃烧过程;颗粒轨道模型模拟两相流动.计算结果与试验数据的比较表明:本计算方法与数学模型适用于预测模型燃烧室湍流冷、热态流场;主燃孔结构参数变化对气流温度分布的影响比对回流区尺寸与速度分布的影响更为明显,其中主燃孔Ⅱ的出口温度分布要比其他主燃孔的出口温度分布更为合理.     

水蒸气对非预混燃烧室NO_x排放数值模拟研究

为研究水蒸气的混入对实际工作条件下的涡轮发动机燃烧室流场及NOx排放分布影响,采用Laminar flamelet燃烧模型对不同水蒸气含量下的煤油燃烧进行三维数值模拟。湍流及燃烧模型采用DLR-A湍流非预混射流火焰模型实验进行校验。燃烧室的计算结果表明,水蒸气的混入会减少燃烧室高温火焰燃烧区的尺寸和温度,流场的构型变化不大。通过OH基的组分分布及含量变化分析可知,在本文计算参数范围内,水蒸气会促使燃烧反应向下游移动。在起飞工作条件下,水蒸气进入燃烧室时其组分稀释及热沉为主要作用,化学反应的促进燃烧放热相对较小。当水蒸气的质量分数达到15%时,可减少约95%的NOx排放量。     

基于火焰面模型的超声速湍流燃烧数值模拟研究

在非结构混合网格有限体积框架下,将RANS方程和层流火焰面模型相结合,开展超声速湍流燃烧流动数值模拟研究,时间和空间离散分别采用LU-SGS格式和HLLC格式。用SST k-ω模型模拟湍流,FlameMaster 3.9生成火焰面数据库,并采用β-PDF和δ-PDF分布来考察湍流和化学反应的相互作用。采用该数值方法,对DLR氢燃料超燃燃烧室和北航乙烯燃料气动斜坡超燃燃烧室开展了数值模拟研究,并将数值计算结果与实验数据进行对比,二者符合较好。研究结果表明:在主流中心支板顺流喷射超燃燃烧室内,燃烧主要发生在支板后的燃料/空气混合层内,并且火焰核心落在恰当混合物分数Zst附近区域。      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.