Al2O3陶瓷蠕动进给超声磨削加工表面质量的试验研究

为探索利用简单形状砂轮对陶瓷材料进行数控展成型面超声磨削,通过对Al2O3陶瓷进行蠕动进给超声磨削和机械磨削对比试验研究,探索各加工参数对磨削表面质量的影响规律.结果表明:超声振动方向与蠕动进给方向平行时可降低表面粗糙度值,而超声振动方向与蠕动进给方向垂直时则不利于改善加工表面质量;在超声磨削条件下,为了提高加工表面质量,应采取较小的磨削深度、较低的进给速度和适当高的磨削速度以及复合进给磨削方式.结合试验结果理论分析了蠕动进给超声磨削和蠕动进给机械磨削加工机理,并根据试验结果选择磨削参数进行了陶瓷叶片型面超声磨削的可行性试验.     

用切点跟踪磨削法磨削曲轴的研究与应用

阐述了用切点跟踪磨削法磨削曲轴的原理,对数控插补逼近所带来的误差进行了分析和计算。通过对传统曲轴磨削加工中存在问题的分析,重点介绍了用切点跟踪磨削法磨削曲轴的工艺,包括磨削用量的选择、砂轮的选择、曲轴的定位与夹紧、数控曲轴磨床的调整、磨不同型号曲轴的调整等。磨削试验证明,切点跟踪磨削法具有高精度、高柔性和高效率的特点,是曲轴磨削加工方法的发展方向。     

基于面轮廓的叶片磨削过程误差监控方法研究

针对航空发动机叶片形状复杂,传统的线轮廓统计控制方法(SPC)难以保证其整体精度的问题,本文基于面轮廓控制图,建立了叶片磨削过程误差监控模型.针对叶片型面特征,采用波纹度参数进行精度监控.建立了测量点到理论型面曲面的最短距离模型,并基于粒子群算法给出了距离求解算法;基于最短距离,构建了基于指数加权移动平均的面轮廓控制图(Exponentially Weighted Moving-Average,EWMA),并通过蒙特卡罗仿真方法给出了控制图上下控制限计算方法.最后通过基于仿真数据的模型验证,表明了该模型的有效性.     

磨削力和磨削表面粗糙度预测的新方法

介绍了采用人工神经网络方法预测磨削力和磨削表面粗糙度的分析模型。此模型可精确地描述砂轮转速、砂轮进给速度及工件转速对磨削表面粗糙度的影响,并可利用有限的试验数据得出整个工作范围内表面粗糙度的预测值,从而大量减少试验次数。     

航空发动机叶片精密自适应砂带磨削技术及试验研究

叶片的型面精度和表面完整性直接制约着航空发动机的工作性能及使用寿命。由于叶片具有薄壁易变形、材料难加工及砂带磨削柔性接触等特征而难以实现精密磨削,由此提出了一种基于检测—加工一体化的自适应砂带磨削加工方法。首先根据叶片结构特点,设计了边缘磨削工位磨头和圆角磨削工位磨头,分别用于磨削叶片型面及进排气边缘、阻尼台及根部转角等部位;其次基于模型重构的几何误差进行了自适应软件的研制;最后通过双工位集成的七轴联动数控砂带磨削中心进行了叶片磨削试验。试验结果表明,磨削后的叶片表面粗糙度Ra≤0.4μm,加工误差保持在±0.05mm范围内,叶片型面磨削加工周期仅为3.5h,满足叶片加工要求。因此,自适应砂带磨削技术是实现叶片精密磨削加工的有效技术手段。     

基于多颗磨粒随机分布的虚拟砂轮建模及磨削力预测

利用VHX-600E型超景深显微镜测量了金刚石砂轮表面的磨粒分布情况,计算得到了砂轮表面的磨粒密度、真实接触弧长以及砂轮总的磨粒数和有效磨粒数。基于磨粒间隔分布假设和虚拟格子方法在虚拟砂轮端面随机分布等磨粒密度的多颗正六面体磨粒,并随机分配磨粒的位姿以模拟砂轮的真实形貌。将1/4虚拟砂轮模型导入Deform-3D软件中,建立三维虚拟磨削仿真模型,采用Lagrangian Incremental算法获得多颗磨粒的仿真磨削力值,并建立了基于多颗磨粒磨削仿真的磨削力预测模型。通过金刚石砂轮端面磨削硬质合金刀片的实验,比较了实测磨削力与预测磨削力;仿真与实验结果具有一致性,证明了采用本方法建立的多颗磨粒虚拟磨削仿真模型可以用于磨削力预测,为多颗磨粒共同磨削的磨削力研究提供了新的思路。     

基于不同磨粒的氮化硅陶瓷磨削特性研究

采用多颗磨粒磨削仿真和实验相结合的方式研究磨削过程的磨削力、磨削温度和已加表面形貌。对比分析了多颗磨粒和传统单颗磨粒磨削模型在磨削特性上的差异性,并对多颗磨粒磨削仿真模型进行了验证。结果表明：当磨削速度减小、磨削深度增大时,多颗/单颗磨粒仿真与实验的磨削力均增大;当磨削速度和磨削深度增大,多颗/单颗磨粒仿真与实验的磨削温度均增大;当进给速度增大时,单颗磨粒仿真的磨削力减小、磨削温度先减小后增大,多颗磨粒仿真和实验的磨削力增大、磨削温度减小;多颗磨粒磨削时的磨削力和磨削温度大于单颗磨粒磨削时的力和温度;多颗磨粒仿真后工件表面形貌与实际加工后表面形貌相符。基于多颗磨粒磨削工程陶瓷的有限元仿真模型相比于单颗磨粒模型可更好的模拟实际加工情况。     

ELID成形磨削实验研究与表面粗糙度预测

为了探究ELID成型磨削中磨削参数和电解参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,基于未变形切屑厚度模型,考虑砂轮上磨粒出刃高度的随机性以及ELID磨削中氧化膜的影响,建立了针对ELID磨削的表面粗糙度预测模型。单因素实验研究了ELID成形磨削电源参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并探讨了电解电流与氧化膜厚度之间的关系。全因子实验以工件转速、砂轮转速和进给切深为影响因素,研究了磨削参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并对预测模型进行了验证。结果表明:磨削参数中,其他条件一定时,表面粗糙度随砂轮转速的增大而减小,随工件转速和切深的增大而增大;同时对于粗糙度的预测误差达到了8.75%,预测模型有效可靠。     

DD5镍基单晶高温合金缓进磨削力和温度实验研究

涡轮叶片榫齿缓进磨削过程热力载荷效应对成型表面质量具有重要影响。基于实验研究磨削参数对DD5 单晶高温合金磨削力和温度的影响规律,分析缓进磨削力和温度形成机理,构建 DD5 缓进磨削力、温度与磨削工艺参数的映射模型并进行验证。结果表明：DD5 缓进磨削深度对磨削力和磨削温度的影响最为显著,砂轮线速度次之,工件进给速度对其影响最小;随着砂轮线速度的增大,磨削力降低、磨削温度升高;随着工件进给速度和磨削深度的增大,磨削力和磨削温度均呈升高趋势;满足材料去除速率的前提下提高工件进给速度并降低磨削深度,可以避免 DD5 磨削表面出现较大的磨削热力耦合影响层。     

断续磨削时的脉动温度场解析

文章构造了周期变化的移动热源模型,并引进卷积概念建立了计算断续磨削时工件表层非稳态脉动温度场的理论公式。该公式可以包容连续磨削的情况,且可计算任意时刻的瞬态温度分布。文中利用推得的公式对断续磨削时的温度场及其降温机理作了深入的研究     

Systematic Geometric Error Modeling for Workspace Volumetric Calibration of a 5-axis Turbine Blade Grinding Machine

A systematic geometric model has been presented for calibration of a newly designed 5-axis turbine blade grinding machine. This machine is designed to serve a specific purpose to attain high accuracy and high efficiency grinding of turbine blades by eliminating the hand grinding process. Although its topology is RPPPR (P: prismatic; R: rotary), its design is quite distinct from the competitive machine tools. As error quantification is the only way to investigate, maintain and improve its accuracy, calibration is recommended for its performance assessment and acceptance testing. Systematic geometric error modeling technique is implemented and 52 position dependent and position independent errors are identified while considering the machine as five rigid bodies by eliminating the set-up errors of workpiece and cutting tool. 39 of them are found to have influential errors and are accommodated for finding the resultant effect between the cutting tool and the workpiece in workspace volume. Rigid body kinematics techniques and homogenous transformation matrices are used for error synthesis.     

采用碟形砂轮的面齿轮磨齿方法理论分析

为了制造出高精度硬齿面面齿轮和获得抛物线传动误差并提高传动稳定性,提出一种采用碟形砂轮加工面齿轮的磨齿方法.分析了碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮的展成原理和碟形砂轮的运动,根据展成原理推导了碟形砂轮的齿面方程,使用渐开线失配的碟形砂轮和改变砂轮的运动,推导出双向修形面齿轮的齿面方程.建立了双向修形面齿轮和常规渐开线小齿轮啮合的齿面接触分析模型,齿面计算和齿面接触分析实例表明,采用碟形砂轮加工双向修形面齿轮的磨齿方法是可行的,获得了面齿轮抛物线传动误差,避免了边缘接触并提高了传动的稳定性.      

A trajectory planning method on error compensation of residual height for aero-engine blades of robotic belt grinding

While the traditional trajectory planning methods are used in robotic belt grinding of blades with an uneven machining allowance distribution, it is hard to obtain the preferable profile accuracy and surface quality to meet the high-performance requirements of aero-engine. To solve this problem, a novel trajectory planning method is proposed in this paper by considering the developed interpolation algorithm and the machining allowance threshold. The residual height error obtained from grinding e...     

伺服加工平台的综合误差建模与补偿

伺服加工平台的几何误差是影响工件加工形貌精度的重要因素。在多体系统理论的基础上,首先,运用低序体阵列描述伺服平台多体系统的拓扑结构,建立各相邻体间的齐次变换矩阵,构建其综合误差模型;其次,利用雷尼绍测量系统对平台的定位误差、直线度误差、俯仰误差、偏摆误差以及两轴之间的垂直度误差进行辨识,将辨识得到的误差值代入构建的模型得出平台几何综合误差;最后,选择凸锥面、平面、球面3种面型工件补偿试验,对误差模型进行原理性验证。研究表明,经补偿后加工所得3种面型工件表面精度均提高了25%左右,证实了提出的补偿方法可用于伺服加工平台几何误差控制。     

航空齿轮磨削加工安装偏心误差补偿研究

磨齿加工时齿坯几何中心与回转工作台轴心存在安装偏心误差,降低了磨齿加工精度。以数控成型砂轮磨齿机工作原理为基础,建立偏心误差磨削加工几何模型;提出安装偏心误差补偿法,建立偏心误差补偿数学模型,通过数学模型求出磨削砂轮在X、Y两个方向的进给补偿增量;以YK73125数控成型砂轮磨齿机为例,进行安装偏心误差补偿实验,齿轮的左右齿面单个齿距极限偏差绝对值分别减小了0.9μm和1.6μm,齿距累积总偏差绝对值分别减小了49.6μm和43.3μm。结果表明:安装偏心误差与单个齿距偏差和齿距累积总偏差成正比;采用安装偏心误差补偿进行磨齿加工,有效地减小了单个齿距偏差和齿距累积总偏差,齿轮的精度有所提高。     

基于椭圆路径的光学镜面超精密研磨技术研究

利用基于椭圆成形方法建立的二次回转曲面加工误差模型,并用最小二乘方法建立了二次回转曲面铣磨误差辨识模型。考虑到各项误差对面形误差影响的相似性,分析了合并、分开辨识相似误差所引入的误差,以此得到处理相似误差的策略。     

Profile error compensation in precision grinding of ellipsoid optical surface

Optical glass elements with the ellipsoidal surface are used in many critical aerospace instruments, such as satellites, telescope and cameras. Their optical performance is mainly affected by profile accuracy and surface quality. In this paper, a rectangular ellipsoid surface is precisely ground on a BK7 optical glass blank by grating scanning grinding path with a three-axis CNC precision surface grinder. A profile error compensation procedure for ellipsoidal grinding is proposed based on the error analysis about the primary error sources in the XY and YZ projection planes during the grinding process. The mathematical prediction models of the wheel arc profile error, the measurement and wear error of the grinding wheel radiuses are established. By applying the proposed error compensation procedure, the profile accuracy of the ellipsoidal surface was improved from 4 μm to 2 μm in the XY plane, and improved from 15 μm to 5 μm in the YZ plane.     

Analysis of grinding mechanics and improved grinding force model based on randomized grain geometric characteristics

Too high grinding force will lead to a large increase in specific grinding energy, resulting in high temperature in grinding zone, especially for the aerospace difficult cutting metal materials,seriously affecting the surface quality and accuracy. At present, the theoretical models of grinding force are mostly based on the assumption of uniform or simplified morphological characteristics of grains, which is inconsistent with the actual grains. Especially for non-engineering grinding wheel,most g...     

Simulation of multi-axis grinding considering runout based on envelope theory

As one of the most important methods for machining process with high accuracy, ultra-precision grinding is widely used in fields such as aerospace, automotive and mold, etc. Simultaneously, it is common that wheel and spindle axis do not coincide with each other due to wheel settings, machining errors and so on. This could result in the generation of wheel runout, which may reduce the machining surface’s quality. In this paper, combining this phenomenon, an analytic algorithm method for the multi-axis grinding process is introduced according to the envelope theory. After that, the accuracy of this method is verified. Two experiments are carried out on a 5-axis machining center. The artificial runout is set up and calculated utilizing the least square method. Finally, using the presented method, two examples with and without runout are introduced to illustrate the validation of the proposed model. The error due to the runout effect is also analyzed.