共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 890 毫秒
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等离子体鞘层加速模拟质子辐照连续谱
数值仿真研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
质子辐照是导致空间飞行器热控涂层性能衰退的重要原因。目前地面多采用单一能量的粒子替代空间能量连续分布的粒子来开展质子辐照模拟试验。文章提出了在一个脉冲宽度内获得连续能量质子谱的方法,即脉冲偏压等离子体鞘层加速方法。文章利用细胞粒子(particle-in-cell,PIC)模型对在3种脉冲偏压三角波作用下等离子体鞘层加速质子以获得连续能量质子谱的动力学过程进行了数值仿真研究,分析了3种脉冲三角波形对鞘层扩展、离子加速及能量分布的影响。结果表明,电势空间分布和离子运动状态紧密联系,鞘层内离子密度变化受到脉冲波形和离子热扩散运动的综合影响,通过调整脉冲偏压三角波形,能够获得不同的能量-剂量分布,从而为下一步工作打下基础。 相似文献
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利用空间综合辐照环境模拟器对F46/Ag二次表面镜进行低能质子辐照试验,发现30 keV质子辐照会导致F46/Ag的光学性能发生显著退化,波长为350 nm处的光谱反射率变化值随累积辐照通量呈指数关系增加,太阳吸收比变化值随累积辐照通量线性增加。通过Monte Carlo模拟计算得到不同深度电离能损和位移能损的分布,发现质子辐照F46/Ag主要通过电离进行能量的传递。当质子能量为30 keV时,F46表面获得质子传递能量的最大值。量子化学计算结果表明30 keV质子辐照F46/Ag时材料表面C—F键和C—C键断裂所需吸收的能量远小于质子传递给F46表面的能量。XPS分析表明质子辐照后材料表层发生了一系列断键和重组反应,生成了自由基和分子片段,表面发生脱氟和碳富集,与量子化学计算结果相吻合。 相似文献
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二次电子发射对稳态等离子体推进器加速通道鞘层的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
稳态等离子体推进器(Stationary Plasma Thruster,SPT)工作时产生的高密度等离子体遇到其加速通道陶瓷器壁时,在陶瓷器壁与等离子体之间形成鞘层。离子会在鞘层电场作用下到达SPT加速通道器壁表面进而复合,而等离子体中的电子由于具有高能可跃过鞘层电场轰击器壁表面,从而产生二次电子发射效应。从器壁表面发射出的二次电子由于受到鞘层电场的排斥,导致其向等离子体源区移动,进而影响等离子体鞘层的特性。建立了考虑二次电子发射效应的无碰撞等离子体鞘层的一维流体模型,研究了二次电子发射对SPT加速通道鞘层特性的影响。计算结果显示,随二次电子发射系数增加,鞘层电势、离子密度、电子密度和二次电子密度增加,而离子速度降低,鞘层中离子密度始终大于电子密度。鞘层中二次电子绝大多数集中在器壁附近,随二次电子穿越鞘层厚度的增加,二次电子密度快速下降。 相似文献
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环氧树脂648和TDE-85的质子辐照损伤效应研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过地面模拟空间环境质子辐照条件(质子能量Ep=150keV,束流密度A=2.0×1012cm-2·s-1,辐照剂量范围Φ=(0~5.0)×1016cm-2;真空度10-6Pa,环境温度120 K),研究了不同辐照剂量下环氧树脂浇注体648和TDE-85的质量损失、弯曲强度和表面相糙度的变化.试验结果表明,随着辐照剂量的增加,质量损失呈现先加速递增后趋于平缓的趋势;648的弯曲强度呈单边下降趋势,TDE-85的弯曲强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,树脂表面产生了碳化效应,表面粗糙度发生了不同程度的变化. 相似文献
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光学薄膜是激光系统中最易损坏的薄弱环节。在高重复频率脉冲激光辐照下光学薄膜表面温度急剧上升,导致膜层应力、结构发生变化,最后出现宏观的灾难性损伤。文章采用红外热像仪实时测量了重复频率10 kHz 的DPL脉冲激光辐照下光学薄膜元件表面激光辐照中心点的温度变化,分析了影响薄膜元件温度变化的众多因素。结果表明,采用热导率较大的材料作基板的薄膜样品表面的温升较低;基板厚度越大的薄膜样品表面温升越低;薄膜表面激光辐照中心点的温度与样品的吸收峰值功率密度呈线性关系。 相似文献
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基于有机材料出气污染过程分析,并结合辐射化学有关理论,建立材料在紫外辐照后的分子污染模型;在ASTM E1559标准测试方法的基础上,以硅橡胶材料为污染源开展试验,测试其经过不同紫外辐照时间后的出气污染沉积量,并对辐照后材料表面的微观特性进行测试分析。根据沉积量测试结果对模型待定参数进行拟合,并结合微观测试结果,分析得到紫外辐照导致硅橡胶分子链中Si-O键以及Si-C键断裂,且部分小分子物质提前挥发,从而使得出气成分中小分子污染物含量下降,大分子污染物含量上升,并最终导致总污染量在前期有所下降,在后期显著增加。 相似文献
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真空出气对星用聚酰亚胺材料电导率的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
卫星介质材料在真空环境下的出气有可能对材料本身的介电性能产生显著影响,增加长期服役卫星寿命末期的充放电风险。文章以卫星上常用的聚酰亚胺材料为对象,通过地面90Sr-90Y辐照源加速辐照试验研究了在材料真空出气后其表面充电平衡负电位的变化,并据此计算出材料电导率的变化规律。结果显示,在5 pA/cm2电子辐照强度下,聚酰亚胺样品的电导率随着出气量的增加而明显下降,在总质量损失达到0.5%时,电导率减小一半左右。初步分析了出气导致电导率下降的物理机制。研究结果对卫星寿命末期充放电防护设计有指导意义。 相似文献
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Solid CH(3)CN and solid H(2)O + CH(3)CN were ion irradiated near 10 K to initiate chemical reactions thought to occur in extraterrestrial ices. The infrared spectra of these samples after irradiation revealed the synthesis of new molecules. After the irradiated ices were warmed to remove volatiles, the resulting residual material was extracted and analyzed. Both unhydrolyzed and acid-hydrolyzed residues were examined by both liquid and gas chromatographic-mass spectral methods and found to contain a rich mixture of products. The unhydrolyzed samples showed HCN, NH(3), acetaldehyde (formed by reaction with background and atmospheric H(2)O), alkyamines, and numerous other compounds, but no amino acids. However, reaction products in hydrolyzed residues contained a suite of amino acids that included some found in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. Equal amounts of D- and L-enantiomers were found for each chiral amino acid detected. Extensive use was made of (13)C-labeled CH(3)CN to confirm amino acid identifications and discriminate against possible terrestrial contaminants. The results reported here show that ices exposed to cosmic rays can yield products that, after hydrolysis, form a set of primary amino acids equal in richness to those made by other methods, such as photochemistry. 相似文献
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远紫外辐射下Kapton/Al薄膜材料的力学性能研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
薄膜材料在探测器中有着重要的应用,在深空辐照环境下,其力学性能将发生较大的变化。文章首先介绍了薄膜材料在航天器中的应用,接着对Kapton/Al薄膜材料空间远紫外辐照下的力学性能进行了研究。研究发现:随着拉伸速度增加,薄膜的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率随着拉伸速度的增加而降低;随着远紫外曝辐量的增加而呈线性减小;远紫外辐照下薄膜材料分子键出现断裂和交联,C―CO和C―N键断裂并发生脱氧和脱氮,C-H基团相对含量增大的主要原因是薄膜力学性能降低。 相似文献
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We present new experimental results on the formation of oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and carbonic acid, under ion irradiation of icy mixtures of water/carbon dioxide at different ratios and temperatures (16 and 80 K). Pure water ice layers and mixtures with carbon dioxide were irradiated by 200 keV He+ ions. We found that the CO(2)/H(2)O ratio progressively decreased to a value of about 0.1, the H(2)O(2) production increased with increasing CO(2) abundance at both 16 and 80 K, and the CO and H(2)CO(3) production increased with increasing CO(2) abundance at 16 K. At 80 K, the synthesis of CO was less efficient because of the high volatility of the molecule that partially sublimed from the target. The production of carbonic acid was connected with the production of CO(3). O(3) was detected only after ion irradiation of CO(2)-rich mixtures. The experimental results are discussed with regard to the relevance they may have in the production of an energy source for a europan or a martian biosphere. 相似文献
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在激光辐照充压壳体的破坏评价中,需确定断裂参数的分布类型及相关的分布参数.壳体材料的断裂韧性KIC是评估模型中对破坏结果有重要影响的断裂参量.因此,以壳体材料30CrMnSiNi2A的KIC为主要研究对象,利用数理统计的方法,对其相关分布特性进行了研究.首先,根据提供的样本,对于断裂参数的分布类型,利用Shapiro-Wilk W检验和正态概率纸检验,表明断裂参数的分布服从正态分布.其次,对于分布类型的数字特征,利用参数估计的方法给出了点估计结果,同时对估计精度及相关的最小样本容量进行了分析.这些问题为了解评估数据的可信程度提供了基础,同时也可为实验室数据处理提供了参考. 相似文献
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As part of the PROTECT experiment of the EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station (ISS), the mutagenic efficiency of space was studied in spores of Bacillus subtilis 168. After 1.5 years' exposure to selected parameters of outer space or simulated martian conditions, the rates of induced mutations to rifampicin resistance (Rif(R)) and sporulation deficiency (Spo(-)) were quantified. In all flight samples, both mutations, Rif(R) and Spo(-), were induced and their rates increased by several orders of magnitude. Extraterrestrial solar UV radiation (>110?nm) as well as simulated martian UV radiation (>200?nm) led to the most pronounced increase (up to nearly 4 orders of magnitude); however, mutations were also induced in flight samples shielded from insolation, which were exposed to the same conditions except solar irradiation. Nucleotide sequencing located the Rif(R) mutations in the rpoB gene encoding the β-subunit of RNA polymerase. Mutations isolated from flight and parallel mission ground reference (MGR) samples were exclusively localized to Cluster I. The 21 Rif(R) mutations isolated from the flight experiment showed all a C to T transition and were all localized to one hotspot: H482Y. In mutants isolated from the MGR, the spectrum was wider with predicted amino acid changes at residues Q469K/L/R, H482D/P/R/Y, and S487L. The data show the unique mutagenic power of space and martian surface conditions as a consequence of DNA injuries induced by solar UV radiation and space vacuum or the low pressure of Mars. 相似文献