从F-86截击飞碟到“UFO”出世——不明飞行物报告（一）

1952年夏天。F-86喷气式飞机截击了一架飞碟。这一事件与许多类似的飞碟目击和截击事件一样，从未被公开。     

用经验模式参数研究电离层发电机效应

本文利用MSIS-86和IRI-86模式的基本参数,求得热层风系和电导率的三维分布;继而从发电机理论得到了电离层电位及层电流密度在北半球的分布和变化。本研究将大量数据统计平均的大气模式参数与热层、电离层理论研究联系了起来。     

青岛上空中层大气密度和温度的激光雷达探测

介绍了中国电波传播研究所瑞利散射激光雷达系统的结构和性能, 阐述了激光雷达探测中层大气密度和温度的工作原理, 给出了青岛地区中层大气密度和温度的初步探测结果. 通过与卫星、探空气球和大气模式数据的结果对比, 验证了激光雷达探测大气温度的可靠性. 基于2008-2009两年的观测, 获得了青岛地区上空中层大气温度的季节变化和平均分布. 激光雷达观测结果表明, 青岛地区平流层温度比CIRA86模式结果高, 且二者偏差呈夏秋季小、冬春季大的特点, 中间层温度则正好相反.      

SRB,G86和铝阳极化表面充电性能评价研究

SRB、G86涂层和铝阳极化着(黑)色是卫星表面热控用的材料。在轨道上,它们将直接与空间等离子体环境相接触,因此它们表面积累电荷的性质对是否会由它们引发放电、起弧、击穿等物理效应是至关重要的。为此在综合模拟空间环境下对它们的充电性能进行评价是十分必要的。通过实验评价可以正确了解它们的表面积累电荷的情况及其变化规律,为在工作中恰当的使用或改进提供科学依据。     

典型热层密度模式误差分析

以CHAMP卫星2001年5月15日至2008年12月31日期间2755天的加速度计反演热层大气密度数据为基准,对JB2008和MSISE00两种模式的反演误差进行了统计分析.发现这两种模式整体上均高估了热层大气密度,但JB2008模式的精度优于MSISE00模式.JB2008和MSISE00模式的平均相对误差分别为2.2%和17.6%.对空间环境简要分类,统计各类型事件下热层实测和模式密度的纬度和地方时特性,发现MSISE00模式具有较好的地方时特性,而JB2008模式具有较好的纬度特性.研究结果对掌握目前热层密度模式误差特性及指导模式改进方向具有一定意义.      

欧洲导弹集团成功进行两次紫苑导弹试射

欧洲导弹集团宣布其于5月18和19日成功进行了两次紫苑导弹试射,以验证其效能。两次试射部是在意大利海军“加富尔”号航母上进行。两次试射中的一次采用自控模式,另一次则采用战斗系统控制模式。采用自控模式试射的目的是测试SAAM／IT系统搜索、识别和拦截掠海攻击导弹的能力。采用战斗系统控制模式试射的目的是演示战斗管理系统锁定威胁并指派SAAM／IT系统对其进行拦截的能力     

多视场星敏感器工作模式设计

针对多视场星敏感器的特点设计了两种工作模式:高精度工作模式和高更新率工作模式.中央时序控制器根据指令完成工作模式配置,以相应的时序启动图像采集处理模块.结合工作模式的时序特点,在FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)内部设计了3个星点质心提取模块,与各自对应的图像采集模块同步运行,实现了两种工作模式下多视场星图快速质心提取.采用Cypress公司的IBIS5-A-1300作为图像传感器,基于FPGA设计了实验平台,对工作模式配置及数据更新率进行测试.实验结果表明:工作模式可灵活配置和切换,在高更新率工作模式下,星敏感器的数据更新率为传统单视场情况的3倍.     

美国前高官敦促政府取消远程离岸巡航导弹计划

<正>据报道,美国前国防部长威廉·佩里和助理国防部长安迪·韦伯两人敦促奥巴马总统取消美国空军发展和部署AGM-86核空射巡航导弹替代武器的计划。远程离岸巡航导弹被认为能够利用隐形的机身逃避先进雷达,能更准确的打击目标。国家利益网站的记者认为佩里和韦伯观点的问题在于,     

一类禁飞区后方安全撤离轨迹的设计方法研究

对交会对接过程中目标航天器后方的一类安全撤离轨迹进行研究,针对长方形禁飞区提出两类撤离模式,并分析与禁飞区最可能相交的点的特征,通过两个定理给出这两类撤离模式自由漂移轨迹安全的充分必要条件．最后针对实际问题提出撤离方案,给出两组仿真算例,仿真结果验证了撤离方法的正确性和撤离方案的可行性．     

多舱段载人航天器氧分压控制仿真分析

为确保乘员安全性,载人航天器需通过氧分压控制系统将密封舱内的氧分压控制在指标范围内.提出了一种两舱段载人航天器密封舱氧分压控制系统数学模型,包括密封舱体、乘员、供氧组件、舱间通风(IMV)等多个子模块.通过与相关试验数据进行对比,证明了数学模型的准确性.针对由两个容积为60 m3密封舱组成的组合体,利用该模型分析了乘员驻留位置、舱间通风量、氧分压监测模式对两舱氧分压的影响.结果表明:当舱间通风量为0.5 m3/min 且6人驻留在氧分压非主控舱时,两舱氧分压上限差别达到2.2 kPa.两舱氧分压差别会随着舱间通风量的增加而减小.单舱监测模式和两舱监测模式对两舱氧分压影响并不显著,当舱间通风量超过1.5 m3/min时,两种控制模式的氧分压控制效果趋于一致.      

Variations in the thermosphere and ionosphere response to the 17–20 April 2002 geomagnetic storms

The responses of the thermospheric density and ionospheric foF2 to the intense magnetic storms event on 17–20 April were analyzed by using data from CHAMP/STAR and ionosonde stations respectively, and NRLMSISE-00 and IRI-2007 models were used to simulate. The models can capture the tendency of changes, especially under quiet or moderate geomagnetic conditions, but are less accurate under geomagnetic storms. The thermospheric density is sensitive to the EUV emission and geomagnetic activity, and double-peak structure appeared in the dayside. On 19 April dayside, TADs traveled toward the equator with phase speeds of the order of 300–750 m/s, interfered near the equator to produce a total density perturbation of 25%, and then passed through each other and into the opposite hemisphere. For ionospheric foF2, there are non-symmetric hemispheres’ features during the intense geomagnetic activities. In details, middle latitudes in the north and high latitudes in both hemispheres are negative ionospheric storms, and the maximum amplitudes of δfoF2$\delta \mathit{foF}2$ is about 60%, but the amplitudes decrease from the higher to lower latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. Meanwhile, the equatorial station shows positive phase, and the maximum value is about 100%. Finally, the mechanisms for these features will be discussed in this study.     

北美与东亚中纬地区电离层TEC变化的EOF建模和分析

考察了北美(30°N-50°N, 140°W-50°W)与东亚 (42.5°N-57.5°N, 65°E-140°E) 中纬地区电离层总电子含量 (TEC)的变化. TEC数据来自美国喷气动力实验室(JPL)约15年的全球电离层图 (Global Ionospheric Map, GIM)数据. 利用经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Functions, EOF)得到上述两地区前三阶本征模及相关时间系数, 分别约占TEC 总变化的99.57%和99.79%. 结果表明, 两地区前三阶EOF分量所表现出的TEC变 化基本一致. 第一阶EOF分量表现为受太阳活动调制的半年变化; 第二阶EOF 分量表现为关于零磁偏线的经向电子浓度东西不对称结构, 计算表明该结构 与受地磁偏角控制的热层纬向水平风引起的等离子体向上漂移密切相关; 第三 阶EOF分量表现为磁倾控制的热层子午向风引起的等离子体向上漂移影响.      

A global study of meridional winds in the thermosphere

We present neutral meridional winds derived from existing ground-based measurements of the height of the F2-layer maximum electron density (h_max). The method of calculation uses an ionospheric model to determine the relationship between h_max and the neutral wind along a magnetic meridian. The meridional wind is derived from a comparison of the modeled layer height with the measured height. This method is used in the global mapping of thermospheric winds using radar and ionosonde measurements from the Global Thermospheric Mapping Study at the summer and winter solstices. The diurnal behavior of the meridional wind is calculated for the two seasons from Millstone Hill radar measurements and from several ionosonde stations. The major features of the winds calculated from Millstone Hill radar data are a 200 m/s southward wind between 0200 and 0400 hours local time at the summer solstice and a northward daytime wind in winter. A sampling of winds derived from ionosonde data shows the diurnal pattern to vary with geographic latitude and longitude. Nighttime equatorward winds are found to be larger in Europe than at other locations of similar latitude.     

Modeling of ionospheric parameter variations in East Asia during the moderate geomagnetic disturbances

The results of modeling of ionospheric disturbances observed in the East Asian region during moderate storms are presented. The numerical model for ionosphere–plasmasphere coupling developed at the ISTP SB RAS is used to interpret the data of observations at ionospheric stations located in the longitudinal sector of 90–130°E at latitudes from auroral zone to equator. There is obtained a reasonable agreement between measurements and modeling results for winter and equinox. In the summer ionosphere, at the background of high ionization by the solar EUV radiation in the quiet geomagnetic period the meridional thermospheric wind strongly impacts the electron concentration in the middle and auroral ionosphere. The consistent calculations of the thermospheric wind permit to obtain the model results which are closer to summer observations. The actual information about the space-time variations of thermosphere and magnetosphere parameters should be taken into account during storms.     

Response of the ionosphere to super geomagnetic storms: Observations and modeling

The relative importance of the main drivers of positive ionospheric storms at low-mid latitudes is studied using observations and modeling for the first time. In response to a rare super double geomagnetic storm during 07–11 November 2004, the low-mid latitude (17°–48°N geomag. lat.) ionosphere produced positive ionospheric storms in peak electron density (NmF2) in Japan longitudes (≈125°–145°E) on the day of main phase (MP1) onset (06:30 LT) and negative ionospheric storms in American longitudes (≈65°–120°W) on the following day of MP1 onset (13:00–16:00 LT). The relative effects of the main drivers of the positive ionospheric storms (penetrating daytime eastward electric field, and direct and indirect effects of equatorward neutral wind) are studied using the Sheffield University Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model (SUPIM). The model results show that the penetrating daytime (morning–noon) eastward electric field shifts the equatorial ionisation anomaly crests in NmF2 and TEC (total electron content) to higher than normal latitudes and reduces their values at latitudes at and within the anomaly crests while the direct effects of the equatorward wind (that reduce poleward plasma flow and raise the ionosphere to high altitudes of reduced chemical loss) combined with daytime production of ionisation increase NmF2 and TEC at latitudes poleward of the equatorial region; the later effects can be major causes of positive ionospheric storms at mid latitudes. The downwelling (indirect) effect of the wind increases NmF2 and TEC at low latitudes while its upwelling (indirect) effect reduces NmF2 and TEC at mid latitudes. The net effect of all main drivers is positive ionospheric storms at low-mid latitudes in Japan longitude, which qualitatively agrees with the observations.     

中纬电离层暴负相的开始时间与磁暴主相开始时间的对应关系及其理论模式

本文分析了满洲里、Freiburg、Billerica三个站的电离层暴负相开始时间与磁暴主相开始时间的相关关系,并且提出了一个电离层暴负相开始时间的计算模式。假定在磁暴主相开始时,在极光椭圆上空出现了含有较多分子的气体。气体被热层风携带,同时向外膨胀。当富含分子的气体到达台站上空时,负相电离层暴就开始了。计算结果与满洲里。Freiburg和Billerica三个站的统计结果相符合。      

Evaluation of the IRI-2016 and NeQuick electron content specification by COSMIC GPS radio occultation,ground-based GPS and Jason-2 joint altimeter/GPS observations

We examined performance of two empirical profile-based ionospheric models, namely IRI-2016 and NeQuick-2, in electron content (EC) and total electron content (TEC) representation for different seasons and levels of solar activity. We derived and analyzed EC estimates in several representative altitudinal intervals for the ionosphere and the plasmasphere from the COSMIC GPS radio occultation, ground-based GPS and Jason-2 joint altimeter/GPS observations. It allows us to estimate a quantitative impact of the ionospheric electron density profiles formulation in several altitudinal intervals and to examine the source of the model-data discrepancies of the EC specification from the bottom-side ionosphere towards the GPS orbit altitudes. The most pronounced model-data differences were found at the low latitude region as related to the equatorial ionization anomaly appearance. Both the IRI-2016 and NeQuick-2 models tend to overestimate the daytime ionospheric EC and TEC at low latitudes during all seasons of low solar activity. On the contrary, during high solar activity the model results underestimated the EC/TEC observations at low latitudes. We found that both models underestimated the EC for the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere regions for all levels of solar activity. For low solar activity, the underestimated EC from the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere can compensate the overestimation of the ionospheric EC and, consequently, can slightly decrease the resulted model overestimation of the ground-based TEC. For high solar activity, the underestimated EC from the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere leads to a strengthening of the model underestimation of the ground-based TEC values. We demonstrated that the major source of the model-data discrepancies in the EC/TEC domain comes from the topside ionosphere/plasmasphere system.     

华南地区电离层闪烁的时空分布特征研究

利用位于赤道异常区的广州(23.17°N, 113.34°E)和茂名(21.45°N, 111.31°E)两台站2011年7月至2012年6月观测到的GPS电离层闪烁数据, 分析比较了这两地电离层闪烁出现的逐月变化及地方时变化和空间分布特征. 结果表明, 中等强度闪烁(S₄ > 0.4)和强闪烁(S₄ > 0.6)的出现均呈现明显季节分布规律, 两站的闪烁活动均表现出春秋强, 冬夏弱的特点, 在时间上主要发生在20:00LT-24:00LT; 从空间分布来看, 两站的闪烁活动在2011年秋季, 闪烁出现的区域比较分散, 而在2012年春季, 主要在两站上空区域出现的闪烁最为频繁.