深空探测中的自主无线电关键技术

深空探测中的自主无线电主要作用是实现多个深空探测器间的通信,优点是能在未知无线电环境下不需要地面干预,自动实现无线电参数的识别和配置.阐述了自主无线电技术对深空探测的必要性.在与常规无线电技术、软件无线电技术比较的基础上,论述了深空探测中的自主无线电技术,分析了其必须解决未知无线电环境下参数估计这一关键问题.针对无线电参数估计目前存在的因果循环问题,提出了一种自主无线电技术参数估计迭代层次结构模型,分析了各层间的消息类型和迭代过程.     

JME法测量光器件偏振模色散

琼斯矩阵特征值分析法(JME法)是测量光器件偏振模色散的一种重要方法。介绍了采用该方法测量偏振模色散的原理和试验装置,并给出偏振模色散人工传递标准的实验结果,该结果与理论值非常吻合。     

国防R&D项目的评估与中止决策

论述了对国防R&D项目进行评估及中止决策的重要意义.探讨了神经网络方法用在国防R&D项目中期评估及中止决策的可行性.提出了适用于国防口R&D项目评估及中止决策的BP多层神经网络方法.选用了国防口正在进行研究的52个项目作为实证分析案例,利用BP多层神经网络方法对之进行了分析处理.分析结果识别出了影响国防口R&D项目发展前景的6个重要因素,同时,对52个项目进行了归类处理,并对该52个国防口R&D项目作出了继续、暂停及中止研究的决策.案例研究的结果表明,该方法实施较为方便、计算较为简单,其有效性令人满意.这表明BP多层神经网络方法在R&D项目中止决策领域具有应用前景.      

Validation of an active transponder for KOMPSAT-5 SAR image calibration

This paper describes the development and validation of a transportable active transponder designed for the image calibration of Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-5 (KOMPSAT-5) with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Ground targets are essential in SAR image calibration. The environment for the deployment of ground targets for SAR image calibration should provide uniformity and minimum interference. The Amazon or deserts are regarded as desirable environments. However, such environments for SAR image calibration are difficult to find in Korea. Thus, it will be advantageous to have an active transponder whose performance will not be severely limited by the absence of such uniform environment. We have therefore developed an active transponder which has an adjustable internal delay and into which the orbit data of an arbitrary satellite can be loaded. The stored obit data with the aid of an internal global positioning system (GPS) receiver and gyroscope enables the active transponder to point to a selected satellite. In addition, a virtual deployment of the active transponder is possible due to its adjustable internal delay. Thus, the developed active transponder can be deployed at any place without environmental constraint. The performance of the developed active transponder is validated using the satellite TerraSAR-X, which is already in operation. The test results show that the active transponder is successfully compliant with the requirements for KOMPSAT-5 image calibration.     

Land use systems and their impact on environment. An attempt at a classification

The scope and degree of land transformation depends on the system of land use by man. Therefore research on land use systems is of considerable importance, both for better knowledge of resulting processes as well as for more rational land management. To start such research a classification of land use systems is necessary. The paper presents an attempt at such a classification, preceded by an information on the studies carried on in the past as well as an explanation of reasons why such an attempt has been made, followed by the discussion of possible criteria, methods and techniques of land use systems identification.     

Numerical simulation of reconnection in an emerging magnetic flux region

The resistive MHD equations are numerically solved in two dimensions for an initial-boundary-value problem which simulates reconnection between an emerging magnetic flux region and an overlying coronal magnetic field. The solution involves both ideal-MHD and resistive-MHD processes, and the solution shows an evolution which is remarkably suggestive of the preflare, impulsive, and main phases of the flare-cycle.     

生产线平衡启发式方法在微机上的实现及应用

流水生产线是空间与时间上良好结合的生产组织形式,是大量大批生产中提高效率的主要途径,手工装配流水生产线中如何保持工序加工时间与节拍的平衡又是设计中的关键。这类组合优化问题通常是采用启发式方法来解决的。本文介绍了生产线平衡中的各种启发式方法在IBM-PC机上的汉字提示式交互实现与应用,经过实例和电视机厂的实践说明是有效的。     

Practical method to identify orbital anomaly as spacecraft breakup in the geostationary region

Identifying spacecraft breakup events is an essential issue for better understanding of the current orbital debris environment. This paper proposes an observation planning approach to identify an orbital anomaly, which appears as a significant discontinuity in archived orbital history, as a spacecraft breakup. The proposed approach is applicable to orbital anomalies in the geostationary region. The proposed approach selects a spacecraft that experienced an orbital anomaly, and then predicts trajectories of possible fragments of the spacecraft at an observation epoch. This paper theoretically demonstrates that observation planning for the possible fragments can be conducted. To do this, long-term behaviors of the possible fragments are evaluated. It is concluded that intersections of their trajectories will converge into several corresponding regions in the celestial sphere even if the breakup epoch is not specified and it has uncertainty of the order of several weeks.     

Hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design using modified sequential approximate optimization

Hypersonic vehicles are receiving increased attention within the aerospace community due to their high cruise speed and long-range capabilities. In this paper, a modified Sequential Approximate Optimization method is proposed for an optimized aerodynamic design of a hypersonic vehicle. As part of this approach, a constrained experimental design method is developed to handle the constraints more efficiently. A radial basis function is used to surrogate time-consuming CFD analysis. An efficient and more robust numerical mesh morphing scheme for the hypersonic vehicle is developed for the generation of high-quality meshes. Within this paper, a novel adaptive infilling strategy is proposed which uses an inaccurate search technique coupled with an elite archive. This allows the location of a more promising sample region and hence improves the surrogate accuracy, thereby further enhancing the optimization efficiency. A hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design problem is solved using the proposed approach and satisfactory results are obtained at much lower computational costs. The lift-to-drag ratio is increased by 23.8% when compared with the base configuration while also satisfying the volume and lift constraints. The pressure and Mach contours have been compared with those of the base configuration and the results demonstrate the strength of the optimized configuration. The modified sequential approximate optimization for designing an improved hypersonic vehicle is worth referencing in future work.     

背景太阳风数值模拟的熵守恒格式

背景太阳风研究是根据行星际扰动传播情况预测空间天气状况的基础,磁流体（MHD）模拟是背景太阳风研究的重要手段.采用一种新的数值计算方式,利用Ideal GLM-MHD将计算过程中产生的磁场散度以c_h的速度向计算区域外传播,从而消去磁场散度;重构部分使用受约束的最小二乘法,将磁场散度作为约束条件添加到重构中,进一步对重构后的磁场梯度进行修正;通量计算采用满足热力学第二定律的熵守恒格式,该格式能够确保在计算过程中熵不增,保证数值稳定.研究结果表明,该方法应用于太阳风数值模拟的求解得到了更加稳定的结果.      

日冕物质抛射中非对称高密度云和非线性波的形成和演化

应用函数拟合及数字滤波等方法,对SMM飞船观测的1980年8月18日日冕物质抛射事件进行了定量分析。论证了不对称高密度云的形成与爆发日珥顶端偏离冕流对称轴有关,讨论了此不对称结构的演化及其对事件发展的影响,作出了暗腔是强磁场膨胀体的重要论断。从图象亮度的高度分布剖面中,分析出日冕非线性波在演化过程中前沿变陡的观测证据,推算了演化成激波的时间和高度,并论证了两者都是强磁场膨胀体所驱动的,而不是瞬时能量爆发所引起的。      

软件回归测试用例选取方法研究

介绍了软件回归测试的概念和进行回归测试的基本步骤,提出了一种回归测试用例选择的数学模型及用例集优化约简算法,并且用实例证明了该方法能有效缩减回归测试用例个数,降低回归测试成本．     

The influence of orbital maneuver on autonomous orbit determination of an extended satellite navigation constellation

The right ascension of the ascending node is unobservable if only the inter-satellite ranging is used for autonomous orbit determination (AOD) of an Earth navigation constellation. However, if an Earth-Moon libration point satellite is added to the Earth navigation constellation to construct an extended navigation constellation, all the orbital elements can be determined with only the inter-satellite ranging. Furthermore, the extended navigation constellation can provide navigation information for interplanetary probes. For such an extended navigation constellation, orbital control needs to be considered due to the instability of the libration-point satellite orbit. This study concerns the influence of satellite orbital maneuver on the AOD of the extended navigation constellation. An AOD method under orbital maneuver is proposed. A low thrust controller is designed to achieve libration point satellite autonomous orbit maintenance by using AOD results. A navigation constellation consisting of three GPS satellites and one libration point satellite are designed for simulation. The simulation results show that libration point satellites can achieve autonomous navigation and autonomous orbit maintenance by only using inter-satellite ranging information. The rotation drift error of the Earth navigation constellation is also suppressed.     

基于内部1553B总线的航天器控制系统可测试性框架设计与验证

可测试性设计是提升系统研制效率和测试品质的重要方法.给出基于内部1553B总线的航天器控制系统可测试性设计的分层递阶结构,建立可测试性设计的模型框架,并对基于1553B总线的航天器控制系统可测试性设计的技术实现进行了分析.最后利用TEAMS软件结合实例进行可测试性设计仿真评估,评估结果证明了这种可测试性设计方法的有效性.     

Multifractal Spectrum and Calculation

多重分形理论是进行信号奇异性处理的有用工具 ,由于只有少数集合的多重分形谱可以有解析表达式 ,多重分形谱的计算是其中重要而又较难处理的问题 .简要介绍了多重分形理论的一种形式体系 ,提出了一种采用动态链表来进行多重分形谱计算的方法 ,大幅度地降低了对存储器容量的要求 .用所提出的方法对康托集进行了计算 ,计算结果与理论结果相符 ,表明了算法的有效性 .     

多重分形谱及其计算

多重分形理论是进行信号奇异性处理的有用工具,由于只有少数集合的多重分形谱可以有解析表达式,多重分形谱的计算是其中重要而又较难处理的问题.简要介绍了多重分形理论的一种形式体系,提出了一种采用动态链表来进行多重分形谱计算的方法,大幅度地降低了对存储器容量的要求.用所提出的方法对康托集进行了计算,计算结果与理论结果相符,表明了算法的有效性.     

Automated guidance algorithms for a space station-based crew escape vehicle.

An escape vehicle was designed to provide an emergency evacuation for crew members living on a space station. For maximum escape capability, the escape vehicle needs to have the ability to safely evacuate a station in a contingency scenario such as an uncontrolled (e.g., tumbling) station. This emergency escape sequence will typically be divided into three events: The first separation event (SEP1), the navigation reconstruction event, and the second separation event (SEP2). SEP1 is responsible for taking the spacecraft from its docking port to a distance greater than the maximum radius of the rotating station. The navigation reconstruction event takes place prior to the SEP2 event and establishes the orbital state to within the tolerance limits necessary for SEP2. The SEP2 event calculates and performs an avoidance burn to prevent station recontact during the next several orbits. This paper presents the tools and results for the whole separation sequence with an emphasis on the two separation events. The first challenge includes collision avoidance during the escape sequence while the station is in an uncontrolled rotational state, with rotation rates of up to 2 degrees per second. The task of avoiding a collision may require the use of the Vehicle's de-orbit propulsion system for maximum thrust and minimum dwell time within the vicinity of the station vicinity. The thrust of the propulsion system is in a single direction, and can be controlled only by the attitude of the spacecraft. Escape algorithms based on a look-up table or analytical guidance can be implemented since the rotation rate and the angular momentum vector can be sensed onboard and a-priori knowledge of the position and relative orientation are available. In addition, crew intervention has been provided for in the event of unforeseen obstacles in the escape path. The purpose of the SEP2 burn is to avoid re-contact with the station over an extended period of time. Performing this maneuver requires knowledge of the orbital state, which is obtained during the navigation state reconstruction event. Since the direction of the delta-v of the SEP1 maneuver is a random variable with respect to the Local Vertical Local Horizontal (LVLH) coordinate system, calculating the required SEP2 burn is a challenge. This problem was solved using elements of neural network theory for model-free function approximation and decision making.     

Mutation induction in human lymphoid cells by energetic heavy ions.

One of the concerns for extended space flight outside the magnetosphere is exposure to galactic cosmic radiation. In the series of studies presented herein, the mutagenic effectiveness of high energy heavy ions is examined using human B-lymphoblastoid cells across an LET range from 32keV/micrometer to 190 keV/micrometer. Mutations were scored for an autosomal locus, thymidine kinase (tk), and for an X-linked locus, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt). For each of the radiations studied, the autosomal locus is more sensitive to mutation induction than is the X-linked locus. When mutational yields are expressed in terms of particle fluence, the two loci respond quite differently across the range of LET. The action cross section for mutation induction peaks at 61 keV/micrometer for the tk locus and then declines for particles of higher LET, including Fe ions. For the hprt locus, the action cross section for mutation is maximal at 95 keV/micrometer but is relatively constant across the range from 61 keV/micrometer to 190 keV/micrometer. The yields of hprt-deficient mutants obtained after HZE exposure to TK6 lymphoblasts may be compared directly with published data on the induction of hprt-deficient mutants in human neonatal fibroblasts exposed to similar ions. The action cross section for induction of hprt-deficient mutants by energetic Fe ions is more than 10-fold lower for lymphoblastoid cells than for fibroblasts.     

月球引力转弯软着陆的制导控制研究

对于月球引力转弯软着陆过程 ,采用反馈线性化方法 ,对高度和速度信息分别设计了跟踪制导控制律 ,并应用微分几何的有关理论证明了这两种跟踪制导控制系统的李雅普诺夫稳定性。此外 ,根据软着陆系统推力、燃料和状态的约束条件 ,给出了引力转弯着陆过程初始条件的可达集合。最后给出的软着陆跟踪制导实例 ,只需要测得斜向距离、速度和姿态角度信息。这种制导方法测量简单 ,适于低成本的软着陆任务。     

Global approach to simulation: a gateway to long-term human presence in space.

The establishment of an autonomous European manned space capability is an objective set up by the ESA Council Meeting at the ministerial level, in 1985/1987. ESA's Long-Term Programme Office (LTPO), charged of the preparation of the programme for a European Manned Space Infrastructure (EMSI), started during 1988 to build up an intellectual framework in the domain of long-duration manned space missions. EMSI scope was eventually extended to embrace Moon/Mars missions and bases. Several exploratory studies on problems related to human factors in long-duration space missions were initiated by LTPO. The work of an ad-hoc group of experts (SIMIS Group) has been focused during 1989/1990 on the planning for simulation of such missions with a broad mandate, covering the physiological, psychological and operational aspects of long-duration exposure to microgravity and isolation/confinement. Preliminary results of SIMIS activities are reported. The HYDREMSI experiment, carried out in a terrestrial, analogous environment for 72 days during 1989, is described as an example of the envisaged simulations.