基于粘贴式应变传感器的车辆超载监测系统

针对车辆超载运输,深入研究了车载称重技术,设计了基于车载称重装置的短消息技术的车辆超载监测系统.利用安装在汽车钢板弹簧上的粘贴式应变传感器测量车辆钢板弹簧承受的载荷信息,计算显示车辆总载荷,在车辆超载的情况下车辆超载监测装置启动车载短消息终端以短消息形式发送超载信息,并将数据提供给相关部门.系统经过反复的试验验证,能够准确地检测出车辆的载重状态,可用于交通部门和路政部门对载重车辆进行收费、管理和处罚.      

高分七号卫星高精度控制技术与验证

高分七号卫星（GF-7）控制系统，一方面通过研制甚高精度星敏感器和高平稳度翼板驱动机构（SADA），提高部件性能指标；另一方面采用在轨参数标定、星地闭环补偿等控制技术，进一步提高系统性能。经飞行验证表明，控制系统实现了角秒级姿态测量精度，稳定度达到10-5(°)/s量级，与同类型测绘卫星控制系统比较，姿态测量精度和稳定度均达到中国领先、国际先进的水平，使中国遥感测绘卫星控制能力得到了大幅提升。最后展望了GF-7卫星控制分系统进一步提高控制精度的发展方向。     

嫦娥一号卫星的地月转移变轨控制

文章阐述了嫦娥一号卫星地月转移阶段(从星箭分离到进入使命轨道)的高可靠、高精度自主变轨控制方案,介绍了飞行轨道、轨控策略及控制参数优化、星上自主变轨控制的系统设计和相关参数的地面标定等,给出了在轨飞行试验的验证结果。     

基于黎曼距离的编队飞行卫星姿态控制系统故障检测数据优选方法

为突破星上资源的严苛约束、提升编队飞行卫星故障检测能力,提出了一种适用于编队飞行卫星姿态控制系统的故障检测数据优选方法,通过利用黎曼距离衡量无故障情况和故障情况下系统测量信息之间的差距,构建了编队飞行卫星姿态控制系统故障检测能力的评价指标。在此基础上,提出了故障检测数据优选方法,为系统输出信息结构优化提供了理论依据。仿真表明,所提出的方法能够在星上资源受限的情况下有效提升编队飞行卫星姿态控制系统的故障检测能力。     

Autonomous satellite navigation using starlight refraction angle measurements

An on-board autonomous navigation capability is required to reduce the operation costs and enhance the navigation performance of future satellites. Autonomous navigation by stellar refraction is a type of autonomous celestial navigation method that uses high-accuracy star sensors instead of Earth sensors to provide information regarding Earth’s horizon. In previous studies, the refraction apparent height has typically been used for such navigation. However, the apparent height cannot be measured directly by a star sensor and can only be calculated by the refraction angle and an atmospheric refraction model. Therefore, additional errors are introduced by the uncertainty and nonlinearity of atmospheric refraction models, which result in reduced navigation accuracy and reliability. A new navigation method based on the direct measurement of the refraction angle is proposed to solve this problem. Techniques for the determination of the refraction angle are introduced, and a measurement model for the refraction angle is established. The method is tested and validated by simulations. When the starlight refraction height ranges from 20 to 50 km, a positioning accuracy of better than 100 m can be achieved for a low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite using the refraction angle, while the positioning accuracy of the traditional method using the apparent height is worse than 500 m under the same conditions. Furthermore, an analysis of the factors that affect navigation accuracy, including the measurement accuracy of the refraction angle, the number of visible refracted stars per orbit and the installation azimuth of star sensor, is presented. This method is highly recommended for small satellites in particular, as no additional hardware besides two star sensors is required.     

离轴反射式星敏感器地面标定设备光学系统设计

在星敏感器随航天器升空完成姿态测量任务之前,需在地面对其进行标定试验.为满足星敏感器更高精度标定要求,针对常规地面标定设备光学结构在应对大口径、长焦距、宽光谱需求时存在的弊端,设计了一种离轴光管作为准直光学系统,研究了离轴光管装调方法,并对像质进行了评价.重点研究了一套照明系统对星点亮度进行精确控制,采用LED阵列式背光板为光源,并利用照度计对光源亮度进行多次测试,测得的数据表明可对7个连续星等进行模拟,相邻星等间亮度模拟误差小于0.8%.所设计的光学系统可为研制深空探测星敏感器提供地面标定基础.      

适用于弹道导弹的导航星选取方法

针对当前适用于弹道导弹的导航星选取方法较少,研究了一种根据标准弹道均匀化选取导航星的方法.通过分析导弹飞行弹道及飞行参数的影响,在构建"伪天球"坐标系的基础上,确定了导航星的选取区域,简化了因射向变化、坐标越界等造成计算和搜索比较复杂的问题;基于天球上的基准点及提出的"距离-星等"加权法,均匀化地筛选导航星,并按照k-vector索引方式构建适用性较好的弹载导航星表,可以有效地提高星图识别算法的效率.仿真结果表明,该方法简单易行,选取的导航星数量少,分布均匀性好,在不降低星图识别成功率的基础上,能够有效地减少识别时间.     

微小卫星姿态控制系统半物理仿真设计及验证

针对利用反作用飞轮作为执行机构的微小卫星姿态控制系统,详细讨论了基于dSPACE实时仿真机、单轴气浮转台、星载计算机及陀螺和反作用飞轮实物的卫星姿态控制系统半物理仿真的方案设计;并利用该系统对仅用反作用飞轮的卫星姿态大角度机动控制模式进行了半物理仿真验证。仿真结果表明根据陀螺和反作用飞轮现有精度,设计的大角度姿态机动控制算法能够满足分系统技术要求,同时验证了半物理仿真系统方案设计合理、可靠。     

Telemetry,telecommand and safety sub-systems for scientific ballooning from Hyderabad

Highly sophisticated balloon-borne scientific payloads have stringent requirement on the telemetry and command system. The development and fabrication of the on-board TT&C package for telemetry, tracking, command, safety and ranging for these experiments is done in-house at the National Balloon Facility (NBF) at Hyderabad. In the last few years, we have made major improvements both in the ground station and the on-board sub-systems, thereby improving the data quality, data handling speed and the general flight control along with aviation safety. The new system has telemetry data rate up to 1 Mbps. A reduction in weight, power and cost of the reengineered on-board integrated package has also lead to the ease of operation during field tests prior to launch and at remote recovery sites. In this paper, we describe the details of the new control package, its flight performance and our plans for portable S-band telemetry and telecommand system to cater to the balloon flights from Antarctic station and long duration balloon flights.     

空间背景光星模拟器系统设计

为实现星敏感器光信号的高精度标定需求,提出了一种具有空间背景光的星敏感器地面标定系统,解决了空间背景光对星敏感器光信号定标精度的影响,提高了星敏感器的标定精度.对空间背景光对星敏感器标定精度的影响进行分析,给出了具有空间背景光的星模拟器实现方案,设计了能同时模拟空间背景光和星点位置信息的星模拟器光学系统.结果表明,该系统全视场相对畸变小于0.01%,MTF在80lp·mm-1处大于0.5,达到了高精度指标要求.设计了一套空间背景光系统,通过对电流和可变光阑的控制,实现了亮度26倍变化.提出了一种基于像差补偿的星点位置修正方法,并给出了修正模型.利用徕卡T6100经纬仪和照度计,分别对星模拟器所在的星点位置误差和空间背景光亮度进行测试.结果表明,空间背景光亮度可实现26倍调整,在最高能量和最低能量下星模拟器星点位置误差精度<10",满足星敏感器地面标定要求.      

一种便携式自动标校系统的开发与应用

该系统是基于计算机应用技术、星体标校方法、标准硬件接口及通用软件开发平台的便携式智能型检测系统 ,解决对野外分散站点上的光测设备进行检测、标校、监控和测控网通信联试等技术问题。着重阐述对外场经纬仪进行准确度检测和单项误差调整的自动化星体标校的原理和具体实现方法     

APS星敏感器太阳照射影响分析及试验验证

针对APS星敏感器在轨过程中太阳照射问题进行了研究,分析了太阳照射对星敏感器功能和性能的影响,设计了太阳照射相关的试验及验证方案,最后给出了相关试验过程和试验验证结果,明确了分析及试验结论.通过分析和试验结果表明:紫外辐照试验对光学系统透过率无明显影响,且影响在APS星敏感器灵敏度余量范围内;在轨太阳照射对APS星敏感器探测器及整机的功能和性能无影响.相关分析和试验数据可作为星敏感器后续改进设计的依据和参考.     

超小型直升机动力学模型的建模、辨识与验证

为实现超小型直升机的自动控制飞行,需建立较为精确的动力学模型.考虑机体、主旋翼/稳定杆和尾桨间的耦合对飞行动态特性的影响,建立了AF25B型超小型直升机的连续线性时不变系统模型.设计并配置了机载设备,完成在遥控飞行状态下的飞行数据采集与存储.通过时域系统辨识方法,辨识了直升机在悬停状态下的模型参数,并对辨识结果进行验证和分析,表明所建模型能充分反映该型直升机悬停状态下的动态特性.     

高精度星相机光学系统像质评价及实现

摘要： 高精度星相机光学系统是实现高性能星相机的关键技术.从工程实际出发，梳理星相机光学系统像质评价的指标，重点论述星点质心位置指标分解、光学系统评价指标分解过程.分析认为星相机光学系统设计过程中需关注质心位置偏差和质心位置与理想像高的偏差、温度分析需兼顾均匀温升及梯度温度变化.给出一个继承于双高斯结构形式的设计实例，结合像差理论进行消热设计和畸变控制，分析不同温度条件下不同类别恒星的质心位置一致性.设计结果表明该光学系统可满足高精度星相机指标要求.     

Calibration techniques for magnetometers implementing on-board de-spinning algorithms

The Fluxgate Magnetometer experiments on-board the European Space Agency’s four spacecraft Cluster Mission have the capability to store sampled magnetic field vectors in the instrument memory, either as a full resolution ‘event capture’ or as spin-resolution vectors transformed into a non-spinning co-ordinate system (de-spun). The latter capability has ensured a dataset is available which extends the partial orbital coverage achieved during nominal operations in the first years of operation. The on-board de-spin is achieved using a Walsh function with Haar coefficients and allows for up to 27 h additional data per non-coverage interval. A number of commissioning orbits were used to verify the accuracy of data collected by the de-spin mode, whereby individual spacecraft were operated separately in a number of standard normal sampling and de-spin mode combinations. Up to the present time, this data has not been available to the Cluster community. We present results here comparing the performance of the on-board de-spin algorithm versus the normal sampling modes over a number of boundary layer crossings, describe the techniques used for calibration and timeline recovery, and outline the context in which the data may be usable in future studies.     

ROSAT-WFC detection of the Lyman continuum flux of β CMa (B1 II–III)

We report the first detection of Lyman continuum (≈ 600Å) emission from a non-degenerate star. The WFC on-board ROSAT detected emission from β CMa (B1 II–III) which has a very low interstellar column. Both Kurucz LTE line-blanketed and Mihalas NLTE un-blanketed model atmospheres can match the observed count rate within the very considerable absolute calibration errors. We also find very marginal evidence for variability, although not at the dominant period of the known optical pulsations.     

一种星载控制计算机智能容错方法

  深空探测任务对星载控制计算机的智能性、环境适应性和自主性提出新的需求。介绍目前星载控制计算机容错方法的进展情况,提出可进化硬件容错这种可用于星载控制计算机容错设计的智能容错方法,给出该方法的三种实现结构,即并行结构、串行结构和具有故障检测功能的串行结构,并对各种结构进行分析和比较。最后,用仿真验证平台验证了串行结构的可行性和容错性。     

椭圆轨道卫星编队飞行的最优控制研究

研究了椭圆轨道卫星编队飞行的队形保持问题,设计了李雅普诺夫(Lyapunov)控制律,并用遗传算法对控制律进行了优化。为克服遗传算法局部寻优能力差的缺点,对遗传算法进行了改进,设计了自适应模拟退火遗传算法。仿真结果表明,采用Lyapunov方法进行队形保持能提高位置保持的精度,且在经过遗传算法优化后,所消耗的燃料基本与线性二次型(LQR)方法一致;同时,减少了计算时间,有利于星上计算机的实现。     

A follow-up of in-orbit observations of radiation-induced effects in commercial of the shelf memories on-board Alsat-1

This paper presents a follow-up of the results of an 8-year study on radiation effects in commercial off the shelf (COTS) memory devices operating within the on-board data handling system of the Algerian micro-satellite Alsat-1 in a Low-Earth Orbit (LEO). A statistical analysis of single-event upset (SEU) and multiple-bit upset (MBU) activity in commercial memories on-board the Alsat-1 primary On-Board Computer (OBC-386) is given. The OBC-386 is an Intel 80C386EX based system that plays a dual role for Alsat-1, acting as the key component of the payload computer as well as the command and control computer for the micro-satellite. The in-orbit observations show that the typical SEU rate at Alsat-1’s orbit is 4.04 × 10⁻⁷ SEU/bit/day, where 98.6% of these SEUs cause single-bit errors, 1.22% cause double-byte errors, and the remaining SEUs result in multiple-bit and severe errors.