安第斯山上空平流层山地波统计特征的AIRS观测研究

利用AIRS红外探测仪在2013—2018年的辐射测量数据,对安第斯山20km,27km,35km及41km高度的山地波进行个例研究和统计分析.观测结果表明安第斯山上空山地波主要发生在5—10月,月平均水平波长、垂直波长及动量通量均没有明显的年际变化.水平波长在5月和10月相比6—9月较小,垂直波长和动量通量5—7月逐渐升高,达到峰值后在8—10月逐渐下降.在20～41km范围内,水平波长从43.5～53.9km缓慢升高至89.3～176.8km,垂直波长从7.4～14.7km上升至7.4～29.7km,动量通量由376.0～801.3mPa显著下降至10.4～239.3mPa.总体而言,山地波在向上传播的过程中,水平波长缓慢增加,在逆风传播的情况下,受到背景风场影响垂直波长随高度升高而增大.动量通量随高度升高显著下降,说明安第斯山山地波向上传播的同时伴有强烈耗散,耗散的能量将储存在背景大气中,对高平流层甚至中间层产生重要影响.      

基于Gooding算法的天基光学目标跟踪定轨

开展了基于Gooding算法的400 km天基平台光学目标监测的轨道确定研究,当测量误差为3"和6"时,分别对800,1500及36 000 km轨道高度目标进行初始轨道确定及轨道改进分析.仿真结果表叽利用400 km轨道高度平台对800～1500 km轨道高度目标进行初定轨,测量数据误差为3"～6"时,4～15 mi...     

高超声速飞行器在中间大气层内的飞行速度研究

基于FLUENT软件, 采用Sp-A湍流模型并运用AUSM计算格式,通过对球头模型在高超声速来流下的外流场模拟,得到了该模型在30km,45km,53km,60km和75km高度处,满足氧化铝陶瓷最大使用温度的极限飞行马赫数。结果表明：在53km以下时,极限马赫数随高度增加而减小,之后再增大,变化趋势符合气温变化规律,静温对驻点处的最高温影响巨大。     

基于Unscented卡尔曼滤波器的近地卫星磁测自主导航

建立了近地卫星高精度轨道动力学模型和10×10阶地磁场模型,分别以地磁场矢量和强度幅值作为观测量,通过Unscented卡尔曼滤波实现自主导航。在采样周期10s,磁强计测量噪声100nT情况下仿真,仿真结果显示以地磁场矢量为观测量时卫星导航误差在卫星前进方向(切向)、轨道法向、卫星径向的分量分别为1km、0.9km、0.3km,而以地磁场强度幅值为观测量时误差分别为1.6km、1.3km、0.5km。     

Proposals for an Indian standard tropical atmosphere up to 50 km

In an earlier report [1] the authors proposed an Indian Standard Tropical Atmosphere (ISTA1) from mean sea level to 20 km. This proposal describes adequately the mean conditions from 0° to about 30°N. The present work extends ISTA1 to the higher altitude of 50 km based oni. World Data Center A reports on Rocket firings [2],ii. M-100 rocket data for Thumba, India [3],iii. Northern Reference Atmospheres data of Cole and Kantor [4], andiv. Southern Reference Atmospheres data of Koshelkov [5].The proposed atmosphere, called ISTA7, has a sea level temperature of 30°C and a constant lapse rate of 6.5°C/km up to 16 km, as in ISTA1; from a temperature of -74°C at this altitude, there is a constant lapse rate of -2.3°C/km up to 46 km where the temperature is -5°C; the temperature remains constant thereafter up to 50 km. The fact that variations with longitude are weak except at very high latitudes [4], together with the fact that around 50 km, the temperature increases from low to high latitudes, lead us to propose a constant temperature of -5°C between 46 and 50 km, even though this temperature is slightly higher (by about 5°C) than the Thumba data.$\text{1}$/     

中国中部低层大气行星波无线电探空仪的观测研究

通过分析武汉、宜昌和恩施气象局无线电探空仪2001-2003年的观测数据,研究了中国中部地区对流层和低平流层中行星波的特性.通过Lomb-Scargle(L-S)的周期图方法发现了周期为准16天和周期为准10天的谱分量占据着主导地位.观察发现,较大振幅的行星波振荡主要集中在5-15 km之间.准16天行星波沿纬圈向西传播,对应的纬圈波数大约为2,水平波长约为17 324.8 km,传播相速度约为-12.5 m·s-1(东向为正),通过计算准16天行星波在10 km以下相位随高度的改变可以得到其垂直波长大约为25-30 km,而在对波层顶附近其相位几乎没有发生改变,呈现出静态波特性.准10天行星波沿纬圈向东传播,对应的纬圈波数大约为4,水平波长约为8627.3 km,传播相速度约为10.0 m·s-1,垂直波长约为22-40 km.      

太阳活动与热层大气密度的相关性研究

为分析太阳活动对热层大气的影响,使用250km,400km,550km高度处热层大气密度与太阳F_10.7指数数据,研究了二者的周期变化及相关关系. 结果表明,热层大气密度的变化与太阳活动呈现相似的变化趋势;两者均具有显著的27天及11年周期变化特征,热层大气密度还存在7～11天及0.5年和1年的变化特征,且高度越高越明显;热层大气密度对太阳活动的最佳响应滞后为3天,无论何种地磁活动水平下,400km高度处相关性高于250km,550km处相关性最小,且太阳活动下降相期间高于上升相;250km,400km和550km高度处热层大气密度和太阳活动的统计结果分别为饱和、线性和放大关系;高度越高的热层大气密度对太阳活动响应越敏感.      

Trace constituents measurements deduced from spectrometric observations on-board spacelab

The observation of infrared absorption lines by means of a grille spectrometer on board Spacelab 1 allows the determination of Co₂ and CO in the low thermosphere and in the middle atmosphere. Equal abundances of CO and CO₂ are found at 115 ± 5 km altitude. CO₂ is observed to depart from its homospheric volume mixing ratio near 100 km, dropping by a factor of 10,15 km higher. The CO largest number density is observed near 70 km altitude, close to the H Lyman alpha photoproduction peak.The analysis of one run dedicated to the observation of water vapor shows a middle atmospheric mixing ratio of this species within the limits : 3 to 8 ppmv up to 70 km altitude, with the indication of an increase from 30 to 50 km altitude. The H₂O mixing ratio drops very rapidly above 70 km.The comparison of the results from strong and weak H₂O and CO₂ lines shows the need to refine the line profile model.     

Periodic and aperiodic ozone variations in the middle and upper stratosphere

Umkehr, ozonesonde and satellite observations were used to determine the height/latitude distribution of the amplitude and phase of the periodic components of the variation of the ozone mixing ratio in the middle and upper stratosphere. The amplitude of the first (annual) harmonic is small in the subtropics and increases to a maximum at polar latitudes. It also increases with height in the mid and upper stratosphere to an apparent maximum just below the stratopause. The second (semi-annual) harmonic has an amplitude that is largest in tropical regions and in subpolar regions at a level of about 40 km. There seems to be very little ozone variation above 30 km with dominant periods close to the quasi-biennial period of total ozone observed in the tropics. The percent of the total variance of the ozone mixing ratio accounted for by the first harmonic is larger than 60 percent at all heights from 20° – 60° latitude in both hemispheres (except near 40 km in the Northern Hemisphere). The percent of the total variance accounted for by the second harmonic is maximum at a height of about 40 km in the tropics and at subpolar latitudes where, as mentioned, its amplitude is also largest.The phase of the first harmonic shows a marked transition from a winter/spring maximum below 30 km to a summer maximum at 30 km, changing rapidly to a maximum in winter in both hemispheres. The regions of minimum amplitude of the annual variation and the marked phase shifts with height both indicate the separation by levels of the dominant physical control mechanisms on the periodic changes of the ozone mixing ratio in the middle and upper stratosphere. Changes below 30 km respond primarily to dynamic influences in the lower stratosphere while above 30 km the periodic variations result mainly from photochemical processes. Above 40 km these variations are strongly temperature dependent.     

武汉上空惯性重力波活动

利用武汉中心气象台(30.5°N,114.4°E)无线电探空仪在2001年1月到2003年12月之间的观测数据,研究了武汉上空1-9km和14-25km高度范围内惯性重力波参数的变化特征.数据分析结果表明,重力波活动存在明显的季节变化,冬季较频繁,夏季活动较弱,与急流强度的季节变化一致,这意味着重力波的激发与背景风密切相关.矢端曲线分析显示1-9km范围内能量向上传播和向下传播的波的比例大致相同,而14-25km范围内绝大部分波能量向上传播,这与最大急流强度的高度相对应;进一步分析表明,夏天14-25km范围内波几乎全向上传播,而冬天则有相当一部分波向下传播,这可能是反射引起的.重力波的本征频率集中在1-3倍的惯性频率之间,水平波长约数百公里;1-9 km范围内垂直波长集中在3-3.5 km,14-25 km高度内则集中在4.5-5.5 km.      

Comparisons between primrose lake (54°N, 110°W) ROCOB winds (20–60 km) and Saskatoon (52°N, 107°W) M. F. radar winds (60–110 km): 1978–1982

The development of the new CIRA will require the combination of winds from many sources, e.g. rockets (ROCOB) up to ～60 km, and radar winds ～60–110 km. Difficulties are that such rocket data have larger errors at 60–65 km, and tidal effects may become significant. Radar data for 60–80 km may also have tidal contamination, due to ? 16h of data per day: from 80–110 km tidal corrections are usually reliable.Comparisons are made between the unique Saskatoon MF radar set, which is continuous from mid 1978–1983, and the ROCOB data from Primrose Lake, which is only 340 km northwest. While the agreement is satisfactory, special care is required when matching the two regions: particular problems are the low rocket sampling rate, and the unexpectedly large amplitude of the diurnal tide. Important differences from the zonal winds of CIRA-72 emerge, especially in winter months. Meridional cross-sections differ from previous data models in the extent of the summer equatorward flow.     

廊坊中频雷达流星观测及初步结果

中频雷达用来开展夜间100km高度以上的流星观测,获得流星随时间、高度、方位的分布情况及流星体速度、流星辐射点、流星余迹径向速度等参数,其探测数据可用于流星天文学、中层大气动力学等领域的研究.利用2017年11月16日12:00UT-22:00UT期间廊坊观测站（39.4°N,116.7°E）的中频雷达数据,首次开展了中国中纬度地区夜间流星观测实验,共检测到94个流星回波信号,集中分布在97～115km高度范围内,平均高度为106.5km,计算得到了流星回波的双极扩散系数、方位分布等相关参数,并与国外中频雷达流星探测结果进行了初步比较.      

由大气密度的季变化所造成的中、低层大气电离率的季变化

本文对CIRA 1972 模式下的中、低层大气密度季变化所造成的电离率的季变化作了理论计算, 利用宇宙线电离源函数对全球中、低层大气的电离率作了数值计算.计算结果表明, 在70km以下的大气电离率的季变化幅度为百分之几十.在电离峰值高度(约15km)以下幅度为约百分之十, 高度越高变幅越大, 到70km处达35%.在20km以上电离率的季变化趋势与大气密度的季变化趋势大致相同, 夏季比冬季大, 20km以下变化稍为复杂.      

Measurement of middle atmospheric ozone density profile by rocket-borne radiometer onboard KSR-II

KSR-II, a two-stage sounding rocket of KARI was launched successfully at the Korean Peninsula on June 11, 1998. The apogee of the rocket was 137 km. For the ozone measurement, 8-channel UV and visible radiometers were onboard the rocket. The rocket measured an in situ stratospheric and mesospheric ozone density profile over Korea during its ascending phase using the radiometer and transmitted the data to ground station in real time. The maximum ozone density occurs near 25 km. Retrieved profile has a random error (1σ) of approximately 15% for altitude below 20km, 7% between 20-50 km and 10% greater than 50 km. The retrieved data were compared with Dobson spectrophotometer, ozonesonde, and HALOE onboard the UARS. Our results are in reasonable agreements with others.     

卫星观测台风重力波数值模拟与直接对比验证

以ECMWF的T799资料作为WRF-ARW（V3.5）初始场,对卫星高光谱红外大气垂直探测器AIRS观测的2013年超强台风苏力激发平流层重力波过程进行数值模拟,并利用卫星观测对数值模拟结果进行了直接对比验证.数值模拟表明,该台风诱发的重力波在20~40km高度逆着东风背景流向东向上传播,在水平方向呈半圆弧状;大气的垂直扰动随着高度的增加而增强,在40km高度上达到0.5m·s-1.基于三维傅里叶变换的波谱分析表明,平流层重力波水平波长中心值在500km附近,周期为3~5h,垂直波长主要为10~26km.分析表明,在18~40km高度的净纬向动量通量为6.7×10-4~1.89×10-3Pa,背景流强迫计算值为-0.23~1.21m·s-1·d-1,且在18km和40km高度的数值较大.最后,基于辐射传输模式计算的直接对比表明,卫星观测与数值模拟同时揭示了激发的平流层波动可传至40km以上高度及距台风中心2000km以外的区域,且不同资料得到的波动形态、方位以及水平尺度具有较好的一致性.      

TIMED/SABER与AURA/MLS临近空间探测温度数据比较

利用AURA/MLS数据（V4.2）和TIMED/SABER数据（V2.0）对20~92km高度的大气温度进行比较分析,计算AURA/MLS数据与TIMED/SABER数据的温度绝对偏差,并分析平均温度偏差在不同季节中随经度、纬度和高度的变化特征.结果表明:20~80km高度的平均温度偏差在±6K以内,相对偏差在3%以内;80~90km高度平均温度偏差减小至-10K以下,相对偏差在9%以内.中低纬度地区平均温度偏差廓线的变化趋势一致,从20km高度的-3K左右的负偏差逐渐增加,在45~50km高度的平流层顶处有较明显的3K左右的正偏差峰值.平均温度偏差随纬度变化明显,随经度变化很小.研究结果可为卫星数据的应用提供参考依据.      

Variability of the ionospheric electron density at fixed heights and validation of IRI-2007 profile’s prediction at Ilorin

A study on the variability of the equatorial ionospheric electron density was carried out at fixed heights below the F2 peak using one month data for each of high and low solar activity periods. The data used for this study were obtained from ionograms recorded at Ilorin, Nigeria, and the study covers height range from 100 km to the peak of the F2 layer for the daytime hours and height range from 200 km to the peak of the F2 layer for the nighttime hours. The results showed that the deviation of the electron density variation from simple Chapman variation begins from an altitude of about 200 km for the two months investigated. Daytime minimum variability of between 2.7% and 9.0% was observed at the height range of about 160 and 200 km during low solar activity (January 2006) and between 3.7% and 7.8% at the height range of 210 and 260 km during high solar activity (January 2002). The nighttime maximum variability was observed at the height range of 210 and 240 km at low solar activity and at the height range of 200 and 240 km at high solar activity. A validation of IRI-2007 model electron density profile’s prediction was also carried out. The results showed that B0 option gives a better prediction around the noontime.     

A three-dimensional modelling study of the processes leading to mid latitude nitric oxide increases in the lower thermosphere following periods of high geomagnetic activity

The processes leading to enhancements in mid latitude nitric oxide (NO) densities following geomagnetic storms have been investigated using the University College London (UCL) Coupled Middle Atmosphere and Thermosphere (CMAT) general circulation model. A comparison of calculated storm time and quiet time NO densities at 110 km altitude reveals the presence of aurorally produced NO at both high and mid latitudes for several days after subsidence of activity. At 150 km, the NO enhancements are shorter lived and remain for up to approximately 2 days after the storm. By separating the contribution of chemical production and loss, horizontal and vertical advection, and molecular and eddy diffusion in the calculation of NO densities, we show that at 150 km altitude, horizontal transport must be taken into consideration if post-storm mid latitude enhancements are to be reproduced. Chemical production of NO at high latitudes continues for up to 2 days after subsidence of a storm at altitudes of around 150 km. We show that equatorward winds at this altitude are sufficiently strong to transport the aurorally produced NO to mid latitudes. Vertical diffusion transports NO from altitudes of 150 km and above, to lower altitudes where it is longer lived. At 110 km altitude, chemical, diffusive and advective terms must all be included in the calculation of NO density in order to simulate realistic mid latitude enhancements. We propose that it is the combined effects of increased chemical production, downward diffusion from altitudes of 150 km and above, and transport by winds that lead to increases in mid latitude NO density at altitudes of around 110 km. This is the first detailed study of the causes of post-storm mid latitude NO enhancements to use a three-dimensional general circulation model.     

Wave and plasma measurements on the Vega-1 and Vega-2 spacecraft in the environment of comet Halley

The Vega-1 and Vega-2 wave and plasma measurements performed on 6 and 9 March 1986 in the environment of comet Halley present similar characteristics. Field spectral intensity of up to $\text{5}\text{mVm}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}\text{Hz}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{1}\text{2}$ at 300 Hz is measured at closest approach; enhanced signals are detected in the whistler mode and in the vicinity of the lower hybrid resonance frequency within respective average distances of 130,000 km and 60,000 km from the nucleus. The plasma density rises from 100 cm^?3 at 200,000 km up to 3000 cm^?3 at 25,000 km. The spacecraft potential is of the order of +3 V beyond a distance of 200,000 km and decreases to about +0.5 V at 8,000 km.