压电智能柔性梁振动主动控制研究

利用压电陶瓷作为作动器,对柔性悬臂梁进行了振动主动控制研究.分析了压电结构振动主动控制的原理和方法.采用独立模态控制法对柔性悬臂梁的前两阶模态实施主动控制.实验结果表明,通过振动主动控制明显增加了柔性悬臂梁的结构阻尼,取得了十分有效的振动抑制效果.      

磁选态单束铯束管束光学参数的模拟计算和设计

为提高铯束管跃迁信号强度,在束光学参数设计中,用蒙特卡罗方法模拟计算铯原子通过率和未跃迁比例。通过改变模拟计算中的束光学参数,分析铯原子通过率、未跃迁比例和倍增器首极电流的变化趋势,得到了主要束光学参数的合理取值范围。在铯束管实际装配和试验中使用束光学参数设计结果,有效地增加了倍增器首极电流。     

方棒照明系统的光学扩展量传递分析

为优化方棒照明系统的整体性能,基于非成像光学的光学扩展量,对方棒尺寸与后继光学系统进行匹配,分析了光学扩展量经方棒传递后的变化.理论分析和实验表明方棒的截面尺寸与入射光斑的半径在一定比率时系统具有最大光能利用率,在理想情况下方棒截面高度与入射光斑半径的最佳比率为1.535,实际系统中该比率需适当修正.据此,提出了限制光斑进入方棒以提高整体照明系统效率的方法.      

Laboratory experiments on spacecraft charging and its neutralization

Simulation experiments on spacecraft charging in space plasma and its neutralization are performed in relation to the electron beam experiment (SEPAC) on Space Shuttle Spacelab 1. A spacecraft simulator or a spherical probe is immersed in a magnetized plasma and a positive high voltage with respect to the plasma is externally applied to it. The current-voltage characteristics follow quite well with the theoretical model of Parker and Murphy [1] in the low voltage, low pressure region. When the voltage rises to more than the ionization potential of the surrounding neutral gas, it departs from the model and the effect of plasma production by the electron current becomes very important. The same kind of ionization effect as this has also been observed in our rocket experiments with an electron beam. The enhancement of the ionization effect by an additional neutral gas injection causes a considerable suppression of the potential rise of a spacecraft emitting an electron beam. This is demonstrated with the SEPAC accelerators in a large space chamber experiment.     

激光测距传感器光束矢向和零点位置标定方法

激光测距传感器常用于飞机壁板法向检测。为了解决激光测距传感器加工和安装误差导致的法向检测精度下降问题,提出和实施了一种利用几何数学模型和最小二乘法进行激光测距传感器光束矢向和零点位置标定的方法。首先,利用角度标定理论获取激光束与主轴进给方向的夹角。然后,借助激光跟踪仪建立坐标系,根据激光测距传感器射在与电主轴进给方向成不同夹角的平面上的测量值,利用几何数学模型计算出各激光点之间的相对坐标,运用最小二乘法拟合出激光束的空间方程,进而得到光束矢向和零点位置。最后,在航空制孔机器人平台上进行标定实验,并且根据标定结果进行了实验验证。实验结果证明:该方法能够较为准确地标定出激光测距传感器的光束矢向和零点位置,可使法向检测精度在0.18°内。      

一种高效卫星赋形波束用圆极化馈源

本文介绍了一种賦形波束天线用的圆极化馈源。讨论了形成賦形波束的多馈源天线的特殊问题,通过理论及其实验以及它们的相互比较,说明了十字膜片馈源对于解决这类问题的适用性。比较了不同种类馈源对天线覆盖区增益的影响,从而进一步证明了十字膜片馈源的优点。     

Rocket potential measurements during electron beam injection into the ionosphere

The results of measurements made by the retarding potential analyzer of electron fluxes recorded during electron beam injection ～0.5A current pulses and energy 15 or 27 keV during the ARAKS experiment are analyzed. The relatively low rocket potential (～150 V) observed is explained by the formation of a highly conducting region near the rocket. Such a region can be formed via intense plasma waves generated by the beam. This mechanism also explains the heating of the electrons near the rocket. Measurements of electron fluxes with energies of 1 to 3 keV and estimate based on the beam plasma discharge theory agree very well.     

基于力矩前馈和舵机角度补偿的力矩控制

针对舵机刚度测试中力矩精确加载问题,设计了基于力矩前馈和舵机角度补偿的高精度、大量程力矩加载控制系统.对系统中力矩电机、力矩电机驱动器和加载弹性杆进行了建模分析.从加载目标、频宽及系统稳定性的角度,分析了弹性杆刚度对力矩加载性能的影响.针对力矩闭环控制系统的持续振荡及相位滞后问题,基于不变性原理引入了力矩前馈及舵机角度补偿的复合控制策略.实验表明该方法能有效抑制力矩的振荡及相位滞后,满足刚度测试对加载力矩的控制精度要求.     

空间电子辐射环境探测载荷测试定标试验平台研制

介绍了中国科学院国家空间科学中心新建成的空间电子辐射环境探测载荷测试定标试验平台.该平台由中、高能极弱流电子加速器以及内置多维真空转台的真空靶室试验终端组成，用于对星载空间电子辐射探测器进行地面加速器测试定标.重点描述了为得到中能极弱流均匀平行束，采用电子轨迹程序Egun对中能极弱流电子加速器进行的物理设计和模拟计算，给出球形结构电子枪在栅网孔不加栅网、加理想栅网和直径1mm孔栅网以及在不同加速管出口能量情况下，初聚系统和加速管以及经过二次扩束时输运段中电子轨迹的模拟结果.最终得出能够实现电子枪初始束流减弱8个数量级，获得满足测试定标试验需求的极弱流均匀平行电子束（在试验终端直径50mm靶上束流面密度为105~109cm-2·s-1）的结论.      

New aspects of whistler waves driven by an electron beam studied by a 3-D electromagnetic code

We have restudied electron beam driven whistler waves with a 3-D electromagnetic particle code. In the initialisation of the beam-plasma system, “quiet start” conditions were approached by including the poloidal magnetic field due to the current carried by beam electrons streaming along a background magnetic field. The simulation results show electromagnetic whistler wave emissions and electrostatic beam modes like those observed in the Spacelab 2 electron beam experiment. It has been suggested in the past that the spatial bunching of beam electrons associated with the beam mode may directly generate whistler waves. However, the simulation results indicate several inconsistencies with this picture: (1) the parallel (to the background magnetic field) wavelength of the whistler wave is longer than that of the beam instability, (2) the parallel phase velocity of the whistler wave is smaller than that of the beam mode, and (3) whistler waves continue to be generated even after the beam mode space charge modulation looses its coherence. The complex structure of the whistler waves in the vicinity of the beam suggest that the transverse motion (gyration) of the beam and background electrons is involved in the generation of the whistler waves.     

ECR中和器改进试验研究

目前国内电子回旋共振(ECR)中和器的研究存在电子束流不能连续引出的问题,为此通过改进中和器天线结构及优化电子引出孔径来改善中和器的性能。试验结果表明：中和器结构改进及优化后其电子束流可以随着接触电压的升高而连续变化,同时提高了中和器的推进剂利用效率、降低了电子产生损耗。推进剂利用效率和电子产生损耗在中和器结构改进前后分别为1.278 9和194.573 W/A,1.659 8和126.3 W/A。试验还通过静电探针诊断出中和器耦合天线附近等离子体密度分布在1.72×10¹⁷~12.1×10¹⁷ m^-3范围内。     

带柔性附件的中心刚体的频率特性及实验研究

从力学基本原理出发，利用有限元方法建立了由中心刚体和柔性梁组成的这类卫星－帆板模型的动力学方程，研究了该系统的刚－柔耦合频率特性，详细讨论了刚柔刚度比K′和刚柔惯量比J′对系统的频率的影响，同时利用气溪台动力学全物理仿真测试实验平台，对该刚柔耦合系统进行了动力学测试，验证了理论模型及分析的正确性，理论研究和实验结果均表明，不同的K′和J′对系统的频率有较大的影响，并且系统的主导频率会发生转移，这些为卫星等航天器的设计提供了一定的依据。     

Dynamic trapping of electrons in the porcupine ionospheric ion beam experiment

Electrons are needed to maintain quasineutrality in a case where positive ions are injected across the magnetic field into a limited volume in a magnetized plasma. In the absence of collisions, a positive potential builds up and traps the electrons which enter the region along the magnetic field. If the added density of ions exceeds the ambient density, large potential differences along the magnetic field can be maintained this way. The process explains several features of the Porcupine xenon ion beam injection experiment, where strong magnetic-field-aligned electric fields were measured in the vicinity of a xenon ion beam which was injected into the ambient ionosphere from a spinning subpayload.     

板料激光弯曲试验

针对大飞机壁板用的铝合金板料AA6056进行激光弯曲过程的试验研究.试验选用厚度为1.0 mm和2.5 mm的薄板,采用多组不同的工艺参数进行对比分析.采用直径0.1 mm的镍铬-镍硅热电偶作为温度传感器,YOKOGAWA MV200型便携式记录仪测量板料表面的温度;使用MV-1300UM CCD拍摄板料激光弯曲变形的过程,通过自行开发的实时采集软件记录并进行图像处理,最终得到了板料激光弯曲变形过程的实测曲线.试验结果为该过程的数值模拟提供了更为精确的验证依据,为深入研究板料激光弯曲过程奠定了试验基础.     

Response of the electron energy distribution to an artificially emitted electron beam: Apex experiment

The paper is based on the electron and ion energy spectra measurement on board the main spacecraft of the APEX mission. During the active phase of the experiment an intense electron beam was emitted from the main satellite. The basic cycle of the electron injection is formed by current pulses of different frequencies, duration and intensity. The spacecraft potential changes due to the gun operation were compensated by a low energy Xe plasma generator. The data show that the response of the environment to the beam emission depends not only on injection parameters but on the spacecraft position and orientation with respect to the magnetic field as well. The typical response is an increase of the intensity of the low energy (less than 1 keV) electrons in all directions. In addition, strong field aligned fluxes of electrons and/or ions are observed with energies below the gun energy. An attempt to classify different types of response and to find possible mechanisms which can explain the observed phenomena is made in the present paper.     

基于电子束蒸发沉积的曲面纳米薄膜均匀性研究

半球谐振子金属化是半球谐振陀螺研制过程中的重要环节，针对半球表面薄膜制备均匀性难以实现的问题，提出了一种将薄膜沉积实验和光学模拟相结合的方法。本文采用电子束蒸发技术在半球上沉积Au薄膜，利用台阶仪测量球面上不同位点的薄膜厚度，将平面上的膜厚等效为半球曲面上的膜厚，研究球面薄膜的均匀性，得出了在半球内外表面上薄膜的膜厚分布；同时对薄膜沉积均匀性进行光学模拟，将半球探测器上辐照度等效为实验中沉积所得到的薄膜厚度，计算得出的半球探测器上辐照度分布与实验测量结果一致性较好，可为半球谐振子纳米薄膜的均匀性制备提供理论基础。     

Ion beam produced plasma waves observed by the δn/n plasma wave receiver during the porcupine experiment

The Porcupine sounding rocket consisted of a central instrumented payload with 4 smaller payloads ejected in the radial direction. One of the smaller payloads contained a xenon ion gun which directed a 200eV Xe+ ion beam roughly perpendicular to the magnetic field. During the ion gun exercises a variety of plasma waves were observed by the δn/n experiment on the central spacecraft. For small separations betwen the ion gun and the plasma wave receivers, intense and very narrow band emissions were observed just above harmonics of the hydrogen gyrofrequency extending from n=1 to at least n=11 and perhaps to much higher harmonics. Additional structure at the helium gyrofrequency was also observed and the width of each spectral line was the order of the oxygen gyrofrequency. The fastest growing modes were at n=5 or 6. For larger separations between the ion gun and plasma wave receiver, band limited emissions were observed between the NO+ and O+ lower hybrid frequencies. The intense ion cyclotron harmonic waves observed for short separations are very similar to plasma waves observed at high altitudes in ion conics by the S3-3 satellite. In those examples, natural ion beams, which were nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field, produced plasma waves between harmonics of the hydrogen gyrofrequency and the most intense waves occurred between n=3 and n=7. Hence the ion beam experiment is directly applicable to understanding ion beams within the magnetosphere.     

Injection of 40-kHz-modulated electron beam from the satellite: II. Excitation of electrostatic and whistler waves

Beam-plasma interaction effects are studied during the active space experiment with electron and Xe-ion beam injections in an ionospheric plasma. Permanent 40-kHz-modulated electron beam injection occurs simultaneously with a xenon-ion beam injected by the Hall-type plasma thruster operating in a square-pulse mode (100/50 s for a job/pause duration). The unusual behavior of the background charged particle fluxes and wave activity stimulated during the beam-plasma interaction have been registered by the scientific instruments onboard Intercosmos-25 station (IK-25) and Magion-3 subsatellite. The longitudinal and electromagnetic wave instabilities and their mutual relationship are considered in order to explain the observed effects. The excitation of electrostatic waves by the electron injection has been considered for different resonance conditions near the linear stability boundary. Beam-driven electromagnetic instability is responsible for the backward-propagating whistler waves excited via cyclotron resonance. Competition of these two beam instabilities is one of the subjects of the present study.     

空间太阳能电站微波能量反向波束控制技术

微波能量传输设计与验证是中国空间太阳能电站发展各阶段的核心工作,微波能量反向波束控制则是微波能量传输的关键环节。目前的反向波束控制研究都基于微波能量发射阵列具有理想型面的前提,没有考虑空间环境中微波能量发射阵列结构模块发生位置和姿态偏差的实际情况。结合中国空间太阳能电站发展的4个阶段任务,分析了结构模块姿位偏差对整流阵列处功率密度和波束指向误差带来的影响。在已经验证的软件化微波能量反向波束控制基础上,结合结构模块姿位偏差校正,提出了基于相位补偿的反向波束控制技术,并对校正效果进行了仿真分析。基于相位补偿的反向波束控制技术对微波能量发射阵列结构模块姿位偏差的影响具有显著的校正能力。文章可以为微波能量传输系统的设计和研制提供指导。     

时间积分声光相关器光学结构的设计

提出用时间积分声光相关器进行长码的捕捉.以相加时间积分声光相关器为实验系统模型,把系统划分成光源部分、分束部分、扩束部分和光电检测部分,通过对各部分的分析和计算,建立了实验的最佳方案,并用该模型进行了时间积分声光相关器的实验,对实验结果进行了分析.首次在国内完成了时间积分声光实验模型,并给出了满意的实验结果.