Pc5 Oscillation Analysis by the Satellite and Ground-Based Data

Large amplitude Pc5 event was observed in the space and on ground on August 3, 2001, about three hours after contact of the strong discontinuity in the solar wind with the magnetosphere according to data from ACE and Wind satellites. The Pc5 amplitude was as high as 15 nT in the tail of magnetosphere and about 5 nT at the ground based stations. In the magnetosphere Pc5 waves were observed by Cluster and Polar satellites, which occupied positions in the morning part of the near tail at the close field lines but were parted by distance of 11.5 Re, mainly along the x-axis of the GSM coordinate system. Both compressional and transverse components of the Pc5 wave activity were observed in the space, with the transverse component having the larger amplitude. Time delay between the Cluster and Polar satellites was about 8 minutes, which could be interpreted as a wave propagation from the geomagnetic tail to the Earth with the 150 km/s group velocity. The ground-based Pc5 activity was analysed by using data from the Image magnetometer network. Doubtless demonstrations of a field line resonant structure were found in variations of amplitude and polarization with latitude. Finnish chain of search coil magnetometers observed modulated Pc1 emission simultaneously with the Pc5 wave train. A possibility of non-linear impact of Pc5 wave energy on the plasma and waves in the magnetosphere is discussed.     

The day-to-day variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere in low latitudes: A study using MF radar

This study presents the analysis of planetary waves (PWs) using daily mean wind velocities for four years (August 2013 to July 2017) of continuous measurements using MF radar over the low latitude Indian region Kolhapur (16.8° N; 74.2° E). The MF radar at Kolhapur was upgraded in 2013. These are the first results of PWs after the upgradation of MF radar. The seasonal and intra-seasonal variabilities of East-West (EW) traveling PWs in the MLT region have been studied. In the present work, the data was analyzed to study the waves with various periodicities (e.g. 3–4, 5–8, 15–17, and 30–60 days). The 3.5 day [Ultra-Fast Kelvin (UFK)] wave shows semiannual variability with burst like wave activity observed during the summer months and December solstice. In addition, it is observed to be stronger in the spring equinoctial period. A strong semiannual oscillation (SAO) has been observed in a 6.5-day wave with peaks near the equinoxes. Similar to SAO over the low latitude MLT region, the wave activity is stronger in April/May than in September/October. The 6.5-day waves are observed to be stronger when the background mean wind is westward. From the analysis, it has been seen that the period before and after the equinoctial period is favorable for the 6.5-day wave propagation. The 16-day wave has no significant seasonal dependence; instead, the waves spread to almost all seasons. The Madden-Julian Oscillations (MJOs) have been observed to be propagating with an average wind speed of ～ 5 m/s when the background mean wind is eastward. The occurrence of MJO is observed during the summer and winter months. These results are the first of their kind in two aspects: first, they show the PWs with enhanced altitude coverage covering up to 110 km, and second, they show the PWs not contaminated due to equatorial electro jet influence.     

行星大气1~3000GHz微波-亚毫米波辐射模拟

为模拟行星大气在微波elax-elax亚毫米波波段的辐射传输特性,利用逐线积分方法计算行星大气中各气体成分在1~3000GHz的吸收系数.基于HITRAN数据库中各气体分子的跃迁频率及线强等参数,有效模拟了各气体分子在此频段内的吸收特征,并与常用的微波elax-elax亚毫米波大气辐射传输模式进行对比.分析地球大气的组成及特性,利用辐射传输方程模拟临边探测方式下不同频段的大气辐射亮温.研究结果可为后续地球乃至行星大气成分探测模拟、频带选择以及大气成分廓线反演提供模型及理论依据.      

Hemispheric Distribution of Lower-band Chorus Waves Observed by Van Allen Probes

Whistler mode chorus waves are important electromagnetic emissions due to their dual roles in acceleration and loss processes of Earth’s radiation belt electrons. A detailed global survey of lower-band chorus is performed using EMFISIS data from Van Allen Probes in near-equatorial orbits. In addition to the confirmation of the positive correlation of chorus wave intensities to geomagnetic activity and dayside-nightside distribution asymmetry of wave amplitude and occurrence probability, the analysis results find that in statistics lower-band chorus emissions exhibit higher wave occurrence rates and larger normalized peak wave frequencies in the magnetically northern hemisphere but somehow stronger peak wave intensities in the magnetically southern hemisphere. While overall the differences between the two magnetically hemispheric distributions tend to be not significant, it is important to establish the magnetically hemispheric distribution profiles of lowerband chorus with respect to L-shell, magnetic local time, and geomagnetic latitude for improved understanding of chorus-induced dynamics of radiation belt electrons.      

大气行星波影响低频电波吸收变化的机制

本文根据冬季中低纬低电离层中、低频（ＬＦ）电波振幅扰动与高纬平流层中大气行昨波活动密切相关的观测事实，分析研究了可能引起低电离层对ＬＦ电波吸收变化诸因素的作用后，提出了一种能较好地解释观测现象的物理机制，大气行星波可通过两种方式改变大气离化率ｑ，因而引起低电离层中电子密度Ｎ扰动，进而改变由Ｎ大小决定的电离层电波吸收值，结果导致ＬＦ电波振幅发生相应变化。文中给出了描述这一物理计算公式和某些计算结果。     

对流层雷暴源所产生的柱形重力波

已有充分的证据表明, 大气对流层的雷暴迹象是大气中间层重力波活动的显著代表源.在雷暴迹象的上方, 通过火箭已观测到大气中间层出现的热效应, 也已通过雷 达探测到大气平流层出现的上行重力波, 从地面和卫星平台上观察到夜间气辉有序而 成环状的重力波波形. 所有这些实验结果都与位于观测点下方的雷暴活动有紧密联系. 此类雷暴通常主要集中在中国东部沿海以及地球其他沿海海湾地域. 关于此类雷暴对大 气中间层的影响尚未被充分研究和了解. 为能有效地探究其成因, 利用所开发的一个二维计算机数值模型模拟和研究大气对流层的雷暴源所引发的上行重力波, 进而揭示 此类重力波产生的基本物理机理, 及其在大气中间层的能量耗散. 通过模拟研究发现, 雷暴源可以大面积高强度地聚集和释放积雨云的能量, 当这种周期性的对流变化引发大气对流层的不稳定性后, 就会有圆柱体重力波的产生和传播.      

Study of correlations between waves and particle fluxes measured on board the DEMETER satellite

The topic of relativistic electron dynamics in the outer radiation belt has received considerable attention for many years. Nevertheless, the problem of understanding the physical phenomenon involved is far from being resolved. In this paper, we use DEMETER observations to examine the variations of the energetic electron fluxes and ELF/VLF wave intensities in the inner magnetosphere during the intense 8 November 2004 magnetic storm. Electron flux spectra and associated wave intensity spectra are analysed throughout the magnetic storm and common characteristics or differences to other storm events are retained. The overall objective of this study is to identify and derive parameters that are relevant for particle flux modelling; the time constant characterizing the persistent decay after particle enhancement was found to be one of these important model parameters.The analysis of the 8 November 2004 event reveals that for L-shell parameter higher than 4, an electron flux dropout is observed during the storm’s main phase for electrons in the energy range 0.1–1 MeV, as has been reported from other measurements. Characteristic wave spectra accompanying this phase are analysed. They show a typical enhancement in the frequency range 0.3–10 kHz at onset for all L-shell values under consideration (2 < L < 5). During the first stage of the recovery phase, the electron fluxes are increased to a level higher than the pre-storm level, whereas the level of wave intensity in the frequency range observed below 300 Hz is at its highest. In the second stage, the particle flux decrease goes hand in hand with a global wave activity decline, the relaxation time of the latter being smaller than the former’s one. In some other cases, long-lasting electron enhancement associated with constant wave activity has been observed during this latter stage. For the above mentioned storm, while at low L values the decay time constants are higher for low energy electrons than for high energy electrons, this order is reversed at high L values. At about L = 3.6 the time constant is independent of electron energy.     

从空间飞行器入射进电离层的调制电子束产生的高频波辐射

在主动束-等离子体试验中,调制电子束从空间飞行器入射进电离层等离子体将会产生电磁波辐射,在不同试验条件下电磁波辐射机理也不一样,由电子束纵向约束性产生电磁波辐射是其中之一.对半无界稀薄调制电子束从空间飞行器入射进电离层等离子体时所产生的波现象进行了理论分析和数值计算.结果表明,当调制电子束沿磁力线入射时,会在电离层等离子体中产生高频电磁波辐射,该辐射主要集中在垂直于入射电子束运动方向的平面内.      

Electron plasma waves in the solar wind: AMPTE/IRM and UKS observations

Selected events of plasma wave and electromagnetic emissions in the earth's electron fore-shock region have been studied. Strong emissions are observed in the plasma-wave band when the site of the satellite is magnetically connected to the bow shock. These emissions are generally highly fluctuating. Under certain conditions one observes electromagnetic radiation at the second harmonic produced locally. Electromagnetic emission generated at a position far away from the site of the spacecraft is occasionally detected giving rise to remote sensing of the bow shock. These emissions are related to energetic electron fluxes.     

Measurement of gamma-ray line intensities from the earth's atmosphere

We report measurements of gamma ray lines from the Earth's atmosphere observed by the gamma ray spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission satellite. The data are summed over 3.5 years and have excellent statistical accuracy. 20 line features within the range 0.3 to 8 MeV have been observed. Line intensities are consistent with models attributing them to neutron absorption by nitrogen and oxygen. The relative intensity of scattered radiation from the 0.511 MeV line suggests production at an average atmospheric depth of 21 g/cm². These data allow a detailed comparison of gamma ray production models with experiment in a medium with known composition, geometry, and irradiation level and therefore serve as a good test subject for models of astrophysical gamma ray line sources.     

柱形等离子体辐射场的数值计算和分析

参照金属辐射场的求解方法,在简化条件下计算出柱形等离子体行波传输和驻波传输的辐射图．当改变等离子体密度以及相关参数时,对应的辐射图会相应地发生变化,得出与信号在金属介质中传输相类似的结果．根据理想柱形等离子体表面波的色散关系得到波矢,求出的柱形等离子体辐射方向图与金属介质的辐射方向图相比,会发生较大的变化,因此利用等离子体进行信号传输有一定的价值．     

磁暴恢复相后期超低频波观测分析

利用Radiation Belt Storm Probes（RBSP）和Magnetospheric Multiscale（MMS）的联合观测研究了2016年1月25日和2月22日的两个超低频（ULF）波动事件.这两个事件均发生在磁暴的恢复相后期，波动分布在晨侧与正午之间的区域.RBSP观测到的两次波动都发生在低L-shell（4.7～5.8），MMS观测到的两次波动都发生在高L-shell（8.0～14.2）.在高L-shell，超低频波偏振以环向波为主，沿磁力线方向为基频谐波.在低L-shell，超低频波偏振以径向波为主，沿磁力线方向为二次谐波.对内磁层（L<6）中的ULF波，通过比较∂f/∂w|μ,L和（dL）/（dW）（∂f）/（∂L）|μ,W的绝对值可知，bump-on-tail的离子分布和向地的离子相空间密度梯度通过N=1的弹跳共振，共同为波动的产生提供自由能.多重事例分析表明，在磁暴恢复相后期，约10keV的离子伴随着波动的存在而存在，并且为波动的产生提供自由能.      

Ku频段微带平面天线的研制

利用等效磁流法详细地分析了含有六个弯头的一般曲折微带线单元的辐射场,由此推导出获得各种极化波的单元尺寸设计条件。在设计面阵时,对单元间和线阵间的耦合作了实验性的研究,以单元间、线阵间的阻抗影响最小作为去除耦合的标准。对加工出来的右旋圆极化平面阵列的测试结果表明,500MHz 通带上的驻波特性较好,方向特性、增益也与理论值较为吻合。     

X-ray and gamma-ray observations of a white-light flare

HEAO-1 observed hard radiations (X- and gamma-rays) from a major solar flare on 11 July 1978. The observations showed gamma-ray line and continuum emission extending to the highest energy observed. The lines are identified with the 2.2 MeV line of deuterium formation and the 4.4 MeV line of inelastic scattering on ¹²C, both previously observed in the flares of August 1972 [1]. The 11 July flare was identified as a white-light flare by observations at Debrecen [2]. It thus provides the first opportunity for a detailed examination of white-light flare theories that depend upon proton heating of the photosphere. The line strength over a four-minute integration at 2.2 MeV was 1.00 ± 0.29 ph(cm² sec)⁻¹, and the gamma-ray emission (excluding the 2.2 MeV line which was appreciably delayed) lagged by less than 20 sec approximately after the hard X-ray and microwave fluxes. We conclude that the “second-stage” acceleration of high-energy solar particles must commence promptly after the impulsive phase.     

AIRS观测资料研究全球平流层重力波特性

利用2012-2014年1月和7月AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)第79通道的观测数据,分析了平流层重力波活动强弱的全球分布以及重力波发生频率的全球分布;分析了重力波活动随纬度和经度的变化特征,给出了重力波活动在全球范围内的热点区域及其活动强度;对比了白天与夜间的重力波活动强度及发生...     

用频装备带内多频电磁辐射阻塞干扰效应预测方法

为解决用频装备复杂电磁环境效应准确评估的技术难题，从电磁辐射信号耦合传输的基本理论出发，推导揭示了射频前端线性不良和动态范围不足分别是导致用频装备电磁辐射效应对带内多频电磁辐射干扰场强有效值、幅值敏感的本质原因。在此基础上建立了2类用频装备的带内多频连续波电磁辐射效应模型，提出了通过正弦调幅波(调制深度100%)、单频连续波电磁辐射临界干扰场强有效值之比(E_ame/E_sine)确定受试装备电磁辐射敏感类型的方法。E_ame/E_sine>0.9时，受试装备对干扰场强有效值敏感，0.612 < E_ame/E_sine < 0.9时，受试装备对干扰场强幅值敏感。通信电台带内双频、三频电磁辐射效应试验验证表明:所提建模预测方法的误差小于10%，能够有效预测用频装备带内多频连续波电磁辐射效应。      

飞行体的海空背景反射与辐射计算

研究了对近海飞行体的红外特性有重要影响的海空背景辐射的反射特性.讨论了波浪面起伏随机规律,随机起伏对海面自身辐射及对阳光反射的影响,推演了此种随机起伏波浪面的自身辐射及反射的阳光在观测点形成的辐照度的计算方法.给出的算例结果表明,海空背景对飞行体的红外特性尤其对其前半球的红外特性有重要的意义.     

Physical conditions in the non-nuclear gas in PKS0349-27

We present measurements of velocities and emission line ratios for [OIII]/Hβ,[NII]/Hα, and [SII]/Hα associated with the extended “spiral” structure in the FRII radio galaxy PKS 349-27. The ionized gas clouds split into two distinct velocity systems, separated by as much as 450 km s⁻¹. BPT diagrams constructed from the measured emission line ratios show that neither of these systems is composed of normal HII regions. The excitation conditions in both systems are consistent with either shock heating/ionization or photoionization by relatively powerful, high energy, electromagnetic continuum radiation.     

飞机红外辐射及大气透过率计算方法

研究了飞机目标的红外辐射特性,以及红外辐射在大气中的辐射衰减特性.根据现有的理论基础以及飞机自身结构特性,将飞机的红外辐射源分为蒙皮、尾喷口和羽流3部分,并提出了3个辐射源在不同波段、不同角度下的红外辐射特性计算方法.根据红外辐射的大气传输特性,采用了不同波长、不同弹目距离下的大气透过率简易计算方法,并将其与Lowtran7进行比较.计算了飞机在不同波段下,经大气衰减后,最终到达红外探测器的辐射强度.