行星际磁场扇形边界与地磁扰动

本文分析了地球通过行星际磁场扇形边界前后的AE、|D_st|、磁扰日出现的频次N_D和磁静日出现的频次N_Q四种地磁指数的变化规律, 根据磁场的极性变化可以将扇形边界分成以下四种类型, （Ⅰ）极性从负到正, （Ⅱ）极性从正到负, （Ⅲ）极性从负到多变以及（Ⅳ）极性从正到多变.      

Ionospheric response to the 3 August 2010 geomagnetic storm at mid and mid-high latitudes

The global ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storm occurred of 3 August 2010 is studied in terms of the ionospheric parameter foF2. Data from three longitudinal sectors (Asia/Pacific, Europe/Africa and America) are considered. Some new aspects of the storm time ionospheric behavior are revealed. Results of the analysis show that the main ionospheric effects of the storm under consideration are: (a) prior to the storm, Japanese, Australian and American stations show increases in foF2, irrespective of the local time. (b) During the main phase, the stations of mid latitudes of the American sector show positive disturbances (in the pre-dusk hours), which subsequently change to negative. (c) During the recovery phase of the magnetic storm long-duration positive disturbances are observed at mid-low latitudes of the African chain. Also positive disturbances are observed in the Australian sector. In the European sector long-duration negative disturbances are seen at mid-high latitudes during the last part of the recovery phase while at mid-low latitudes a positive disturbance is seen, followed by a negative disturbance. In general, the ionospheric storm effects show a clear hemispheric asymmetry.     

Early morning enhancement in ionospheric electron density during intense magnetic storms

This study reports on ionospheric disturbances that occurred in the early morning hours in the South American–Atlantic sector during a few intense/super storm events. The events were observed at latitudes close to the southern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) as an unusual intensification of the F region electron density peak at local times when the EIA is not usually developed. All the events were observed at pre dawn-morning hours, under conditions of northward interplanetary geomagnetic field. Large scale traveling ionospheric disturbances that are launched during highly disturbed conditions and/or equatorward surges in the thermospheric meridional winds seem to be the most probable causes of the observed disturbances.     

1958年7月8日磁暴的电离层响应

本文用遍布全球的52个电离层垂测台站资料,研究1958年7月8日磁暴期间全球电离层扰动的发展变化;各扇区的响应特性;扰动的传播轨迹及速度等。获得以下结果:1.几大扇区的电离层扰动始于南北两极,美洲扇区除具这一特征外,其赤道地区在磁暴急始后不久,出现一个扰动中心,邻近区域的扰动受其控制。2.扰动由高纬向低纬发展,由扰动中心向外传播。3.扰动峰面几乎与地磁力线垂直,即扰动沿磁力线方向发展,其传播速度大约在150—600m/s范围。     

空域扇区网络结构特性分析及韧性评估

为保障扇区内航空器运行安全,提高扇区网络在外界干扰下的韧性,从而有效减轻航班延误和空域拥堵。首先,依据中国空域扇区划分规则,运用复杂网络理论构建中国空域扇区网络模型;然后,定义网络基本特征参数,对中国空域扇区网络结构特性进行分析,提出扇区网络韧性的概念,并采用一种定量评估方法对其进行度量;最后,对比分析不同恢复策略下的韧性指标,以此制定空域扇区网络在外界干扰下的最佳恢复策略,提高网络韧性。结果表明:中国空域扇区网络具有较大的平均最短路径长度和较小的聚类系数,度分布服从双段幂律分布,介数和强度服从指数分布。介数是影响空域扇区网络韧性最大的指标,采用介数恢复策略可显著提高外界干扰下空域扇区网络的韧性。      

Positive ion distributions in the morning auroral zone: Local acceleration and drift effects

We report on the typical structure of the large scale ion precipitation in the morning sector of the auroral zone and associated low frequency electromagnetic waves. Data obtained during near radial passes of the AUREOL-3 satellite point to a distinction between two main precipitation regions: 1) In the poleward part of the auroral zone the latitudinal variation of the average energy (or temperature) of the precipitated ions (mainly H⁺) indicate that they are adiabatically accelerated in the outer magnetosphere. This “high energy” (? 3 to > 20 keV) precipitation is usually associated with a low energy (E < 110 eV) upward flowing 0⁺ and H⁺ component, and 2) near the boundary between discrete and diffuse electron aurorae a drastic change in the ion characteristics is observed. The flux of energetic precipitated H⁺ ions is sharply reduced, which suggests the formation of an Alfvén layer. However, intense fluxes of precipitated H⁺, O⁺, and He⁺ ions with energies < 3 keV are observed equatorward of the Alfvén layer, in coincidence with the diffuse aurora and in association with quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic waves with frequencies around the proton gyrofrequency. As the characteristic convection and bounce times of the low energy upward flowing ion component are comparable (τ > 3 hours) we suggest that the precipitation of ionospheric ions inside the diffuse aurora results from convection and corotation of the ions accelerated to suprathermal energies at higher latitudes.     

极光强扰动对中低纬电离层的影响

本文考查了120°E附近的五个中低纬电离层观测站在极光强扰动下的f₀F₂行为。共考查了从1966—1970年五年资料中AE>1400日及1969年中AE>1000日的f₀F₂行为。研究得出了与印度站链有所不同特征——在极光强扰动下120°E中低纬五站之f₀F₂均有不同程度的减小,而不是增加,并且在中纬较高纬度的满州里站之f₀F₂减小比北京站要显著。扰日后效在中、低纬区不同,低纬之武昌、广州和海南岛三站均呈现扰动过后次日上午段的f₀F₂增加,中纬较高纬度的满洲里站仍呈现f₀F₂减少。我们认为这是由于低纬区主要受赤道喷泉效应改变的影响,而中纬及亚极光纬区主要受极光强扰时产生的环球电场的直接作用结果,它反映了纬向电场耦合传递的影响。当然极光扰动时对中性大气层的能量输入亦对观测到的现象有贡献。      

120°E附近电离层赤道异常峰运动

本文研究了120°E北半球五个电离层站之f_oF₂的变化。指出了赤道异常北峰的运动规律:（1）日出-“日当头”时段,该峰向赤道运动,午后时段则向极运动。（2）运动的反向时间随太阳的最小天顶角的大小而变化,随太阳活动而变化。（3）向极运动主要受电离输运过程所支配,向赤道运动主要为光电离过程所支配。（4）120°E附近电离层赤道异常北峰上午段在海南岛附近,下午段在广州附近。      

Effects observed in the ionospheric F-region in the South American sector during the intense geomagnetic storm of 14 December 2006

This investigation presents observations related to the generation of equatorial ionospheric irregularities (also known as equatorial spread F (ESF)) including ionospheric plasma bubbles and dynamic behavior of the ionospheric F-region in the South American sector during an intense geomagnetic storm in December 2006 (a period of low solar activity). In this work, ionospheric sounding observations and GPS data obtained between 13 and 16 December 2006 at several stations in the South American sector are presented. On the geomagnetically disturbed night of 14 and 15 December, ionospheric plasma bubbles were observed after an unusual uplifting of the F-region during pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) period. The unusual uplifting of the F-region during PRE was possibly associated with prompt penetration of electric field of magnetospheric origin. During the geomagnetic disturbance night of 14 and 15 December, strong oscillations due to the propagation of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) by the Joule heating in the auroral region were observed in the F-region at São José dos Campos (SJC, 23.2°S, 45.9°W; dip latitude 17.6°S), Brazil, and Port Stanley (PST, 51.6°S, 57.9°W; geom. latitude 41.6°S). The VTEC-GPS observations presented on the night of 14 and 15 December 2006 show both positive and negative storm phases in the South American sector, possibly due to changes in the large-scale wind circulation and changes in the O/N₂ ratio in the southern hemisphere, respectively.     

Geomagnetic storm effects on the occurrences of ionospheric irregularities over the African equatorial/low-latitude region

The study investigated the effects of intense geomagnetic storms of 2015 on the occurrences of large scale ionospheric irregularities over the African equatorial/low-latitude region. Four major/intense geomagnetic storms of 2015 were analyzed for this study. These storms occurred on 17th March 2015 (?229?nT), 22nd June 2015 (?204?nT), 7th October 2015 (?124?nT), and 20th December 2015 (?170?nT). Total Electron Content (TEC) data obtained from five African Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations, grouped into eastern and western sectors were used to derive the ionospheric irregularities proxy indices, e.g., rate of change of TEC (ROT), ROT index (ROTI) and ROTI daily average (ROTI_AVE). These indices were characterized alongside with the disturbance storm time (Dst), the Y component of the Interplanetary Electric Field (IEFy), polar cap (PC) index and the H component of the Earth’s magnetic field from ground-based magnetometers. Irregularities manifested in the form of fluctuations in TEC. Prompt penetration of electric field (PPEF) and disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF) modulated the behaviour of irregularities during the main and recovery phases of the geomagnetic storms. The effect of electric field over both sectors depends on the local time of southward turning of IMF Bz. Consequently, westward electric field inhibited irregularities during the main phase of March and October 2015 geomagnetic storms, while for the June 2015 storm, eastward electric field triggered weak irregularities over the eastern sector. The effect of electric field on irregularities during December 2015 storm was insignificant. During the recovery phase of the storms, westward DDEF suppressed irregularities.     

磁暴期间全球TEC扰动特性分析

磁暴期间白天电离层总电子含量（TEC）大幅度扰动.TEC扰动与磁暴发生时的世界时（UT）有关.利用7年的数据对TEC对磁暴的响应进行统计研究.结果显示,磁暴期间白天TEC增大明显,且在午后TEC的增大比例有一个高峰.在18:00UT-04:00UT,南美地区与其他地区相比TEC增长较大,这可能与白天的光照有关.为了研究TEC变化与磁暴的关系,结合同样时间段的Dst指数,把TEC数据分为磁暴日（Dst<-100nT）和平静日（Dst>-50nT）.研究发现,将TEC前移2h,低纬日侧地区TEC增大值随着世界时的变化与Dst变化的负相关性较好,相关系数为-0.75.在中纬度地区,将TEC扰动前移1h,相关系数为-0.61.这可能是行进式大气扰动携带着赤道向的子午风,由极区向低纬传播引起.可以认为,TEC的变化可能是由磁暴引起的.在高纬地区,TEC增大值随着世界时的变化与Dst变化的相关性较差.这可能是由于太阳高度角较低,光辐射通量较小,导致电子密度的增加不明显.      

Theoretical simulation of electron density and temperature distribution at Indian equatorial and low latitude ionosphere

The electron density and temperature distribution of the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere in the Indian sector has been investigated by simultaneously solving the continuity, momentum and energy balance equations of ion and electron flux along geomagnetic field lines from the Northern to the Southern hemisphere. Model algorithm is presented and results are compared with the electron density and electron temperature measured in situ by Indian SROSS C2 satellite at an altitude of ∼500 km within 31°S–34°N and 75 ± 10°E that covers the Indian sector during a period of low solar activity. Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) observed in electron density, morning and afternoon enhancements, equatorial trough in electron temperature have been simulated by the model within reasonable limits of accuracy besides reproducing other normal diurnal features of density and temperature.     

Sq（Y）的季节变化和场向电流

本文对中国东部地磁台站链地磁静日变化东向分量进行了分析,有结果表明,在冬、夏季清晨,南北半球之间存在着电离层发电机驱动的场向电流,其方向是从夏季半球到冬季半球;在黄昏,也可能存在方向相反的电流。     

Polarization pattern of low and mid-frequency magnetic pulsations in the polar cap: A comprehensive analysis at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica)

The polarization pattern of ULF pulsations (f ≈ 1–100 mHz) at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica, CGM λ ∼ 80°) has been determined for the entire 2003, soon after the solar maximum. A comparison with the results of previous investigations, conducted at the same station close to the solar minimum (1994–96), allows to focus common elements and major differences among different frequency bands which persist through the entire solar cycle. Basically, between f ∼ 1.5 and 5 mHz, the day can be divided into four sectors with alternate polarizations. The local time and latitudinal dependence of the observed pattern can be tentatively interpreted in terms of a latitude of resonant field lines reaching λ ∼ 80° in the noon sector; on the other hand, resonance effects of lower latitude field lines can be clearly identified also far from the noon meridian when the station moves into the deep polar cap. Moreover, in the morning sector the resonance region would extend to lower latitudes than in the evening sector. The proposed profile of the resonant region can interpret also the results obtained at other cusp/auroral stations and appears consistent with that one inferred in the northern hemisphere at smaller latitudes. The resonance region progressively shifts toward lower latitude with increasing frequency; correspondingly, the four-sector pattern progressively disappears at TNB. Above f ∼ 20 mHz, the experimental observations might suggest an additional contribution from Sunward propagating waves, possibly via the magnetotail lobes.     

2009年1月平流层爆发性增温期间全球电离层响应的研究

2009年1月平流层爆发性增温(Stratospheric Sudden Warming, SSW)事件是有记录以来最强、持续时间最长的一次主增温事件(Major Warming Event, MWE), 期间太阳活动和地磁活动均处于较低的水平, 因此非常有利于研究电离层对平流层增温事件的响应情况. 本文利用COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate)系统提供的掩星数据, 使用Kriging方法分别构建了此次SSW期间及平静期的电离层N_mF₂, h_mF₂和110～750km高度范围的垂直积分TEC (简称VTEC)地图, 同时从全球定位导航卫星系统服务组织(International GNSS Service, IGS)发布的全球电离层TEC地图(Global Ionospheric Maps, GIMs)中提取了日固坐标系(Sun-fixed, 地磁纬度和地方时)下全球TEC地图. 通过对比发现, SSW期间与平静期相比, 地磁纬度中低纬电离层参数存在早晨上升, 下午和夜间下降的现象. 利用OSTM/JASON-2卫星高度计观测值进行验证后的结果显示, 此前研究均未有提及的夜间时段电离层参数N_mF₂, h_mF₂和TEC (VTEC和IGS TEC)的下降现象的确存在.      

星载光学敏感器受天体干扰的可能性分析

各种用途的星载光学敏感器均可能受到日、月、地等天体进入敏感区所形成的干扰.对光轴固定于星体的星敏感器,以及光轴在空间中保持方位不变的天文望远镜两类星载光学敏感器,根据敏感锥面和天体锥面之间的空间位置关系,导出了天体干扰的发生条件,给出了预测干扰发生时间的实用计算公式.      

Research on the disturbance of ballistic missile to ionosphere by using 3D ray tracing method

This study uses the 3D ray tracing to analyse ionospheric disturbance generated by a ballistic missile plume (which was simulated in our previous work). Ray tracing results show that the 6 MHz radio waves are completely reflected by the ionosphere and cannot reach the ionospheric disturbance zone. The 8 MHz radio waves partially penetrate the ionospheric disturbance zone, producing a focusing effect. Most of the 10 MHz radio waves pass through the ionosphere and the disturbance zone. The focusing effect and focus height are reduced. In the height range 65̃400 km, the ray absorption loss of reflection is greater than the transmitted ray. When the ray is reflected multiple times in the cavity formed by the plume, ray absorption loss greatly increases.     

Whistler studies of the plasmasphere shape and dynamics

Whistler studies of the plasmapause/plasmasphere are traced from their beginnings during the IGY through the early 1960's, when extensive data from Antarctica became available. Highlights of this period include discovery of the ‘knee’ in the equatorial electron density profile, initial comparisons with results from the Lunik probes, identification of magnetic storm effects, and discovery of the duskside bulge, or region of larger plasmasphere radius, as well as smaller-scale (Δφ ≈ 20°) variations in radius with longitude. In the mid-1960's, whistlers provided the first evidence of cross-L plasma drift patterns in the outer plasmasphere. From a present day perspective, the plasmasphere is seen as a region penetrated, perhaps most efficiently in the dusk sector, by the unsteady component of high latitude electric fields. In the pre-dawn sector, post substorm outward drifts may be an aftereffect of the shielding of the plasmasphere against the steadier components of the substorm electric fields. The available indirect whistler evidence of plasmasphere erosion during large disturbances suggests that erosion occurs primarily in the dusk-premidnight sector.