空间站姿态控制的一种新算法

以四元数作为定位参数对空间站进行姿态控制。首先给出了以四元数表示的系统动力学西式其次提出了非线性三轴姿态控制方法,该方法是以四元数作为反馈量,控制力矩陀螺作为执行元件,利用李亚普诺夫函数对非线性系统进行控制,为大型航天器的姿态控制开辟了新的途径;最后以一空间粘为例进行了姿态控制仿真计算,从而说明以四元数为定位参数的空间站姿态控制方法具有计算速度快、计算精度高等优点。     

捷联惯导系统中初始四元数计算

捷联惯导系统的姿态矩阵主要采用四元数法来求解，捷联惯导系统初始四元数正确与否决定了初始姿态精度。初始四元数计算是基于方向余弦矩阵和四元数的代数关系和转动的几何特点。本文列出几种初始四元数的计算方法，并作简单的比较分析。     

四元数最小均方误差算法及其在波束形成中的应用

 作为多维信号处理的一个重要工具,四元数代数已在各个领域有所应用。对四元数最小均方误差(QMMSE)算法进行了研究,首先推导了四元数实数形式的最小均方误差(QRMMSE)算法,进一步推导了四元数复数形式的最小均方误差(QCMMSE)算法,并且分析了两种算法的区别和计算量。最后将QMMSE算法应用到机载简化矢量传感器阵列的波束形成中,与复数长矢量最小均方误差(LVMMSE)算法相比较,QCMMSE算法的性能有所提高,计算量有所减少。计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

误差四元数及其在航天器姿态控制中的应用

以四元数作为定位参数对航天器进行姿态控制。首先导出了误差四元数矢量,从而解决了航天器姿态控制中最终姿态表示的非单值性问题;其次,通过一个典型例子提出了非线性三轴姿态控制方法,该方法以误差四元数作为反馈量,以控制力矩陀螺作为执行元件,利用李亚普诺夫函数对非线性系统进行控制,为大型航天器的姿态控制开辟了新的途径;最后,给出了仿真结果,从而说明了以误差四元数作为定位参数的航天器姿态控制法具有计算速度快、计算精度高等优点。     

基于改进容积卡尔曼滤波的奇异避免姿态估计

 利用矢量进行卫星姿态估计可以归结为非线性滤波问题。为了提高卫星姿态估计的精度,利用龙贝格-马尔塔(LM)迭代算法改进了容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)。继而,提出改进容积卡尔曼滤波与四元数结合的容积四元数估计器(CQE),有效地避免了卫星大角度机动出现的奇异现象。进一步,给出了一种与影子修正罗德里格参数切换的容积修正罗德里格参数估计器(CME)。仿真对比表明,初始误差较大时容积修正罗德里格参数估计器具有更好的收敛速度和鲁棒性。     

三轴稳定卫星无陀螺姿态确定算法研究

针对三轴稳定卫星进行了正常飞行模式下无陀螺姿态确定算法研究，采用磁强计、地球敏感器和太阳敏感器组合获得姿态数据，利用四元数法和高斯－马尔可夫过程建立了姿态确定估计器算法模型。通过数学仿真证明，此姿态确定算法能够对星体姿态进行较精确的估计或校正，满足卫星控制精度要求。     

空间飞行器大角度机动飞行的变结构姿态控制

研究了空间飞行器大角度机动飞行的变结构姿态控制。应用四元数来描述姿态运动，以消除大角度机动飞行时欧拉角描述所存在的奇异性。基于Lyapunov方法设计了变结构控制的切换函数，以保证系统的滑动模态．亦即四元数偏差的稳定性。基于所给切换函数，设计了变结构控制器。数值仿真的结果说明了设计方法的有效性。     

基于四元数的单目视觉物体位姿测量方法

对基于点特征的单目视觉定位算法进行了研究,设计了一种5点平面靶标,在五个特征点的基础上提出了一种基于四元数的单摄像机位姿测量方法。建立了四元数空间变换矩阵,然后再根据特征点在世界坐标系下的坐标值以及特征点在CCD成像面上的坐标值,在空间投射的基础上利用最小二乘法求解出靶标的四元数空间变换矩阵,从而求得靶标的空间位姿。通过实验对该单目视觉定位方法进行验证,实验结果表明：测量模型平移定位精度达到了,旋转定位精度达到了。     

基于随机集的多目标跟踪算法的性能评估

给出在目标数变化情况下,利用随机集实现多目标跟踪算法性能评估方法,利用Kullback-Leibler距离度量算法来反映目标状态的信息量并进行了相应的仿真实验。实验表明,算法可稳健跟踪变目标数情况,Kullback-Leibler测度可反映算法的稳健性。     

双欧法与四元数法的应用比较

对解决欧拉方程奇异性的双欧拉和四元数法进行了对比研究，四元数法从理论上讲比较完美，但实际应用中存在较大的累积计算误差，从而影响计算精度；双欧法利用正、反欧拉方程间精华区倒挂关系进行分区交替运算，把精华区扩展到全域，不仅根除了奇异性，而且计算误差小。因此，对于解决欧拉方程奇异性来讲，双欧法要优于四元数法。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.