分辨率优于0.1arcsec的二维微小角度传感器的系统设计

设计一种新型二维微小角度传感器,可实现实时二维角度的测量。并采用基于DSP的检测电路进行高速数据采集处理,使系统的测量精度和响应速度满足了当前在线检测的需求,角度测量>±600arcsec,测量分辨率优于0.1arcsec。     

高精度二维自准直仪的研制

介绍了一种高精度二维自准直仪,它采用面阵CCD器件作为光电传感器,利用自准直原理实现了二维角度的测量,其测量范围为±300",精度为±0.2".     

微小型飞行器室内激光/INS融合定位方法研究

针对激光测距仪精度高、抗干扰能力强等优点,选用二维激光测距仪为外部传感器,辅助MIMU(微惯性测量组合)组成微小型飞行器的室内导航系统;结合留点(Residue Points)、Cox和IDC算法特点,设计了R-I-C(留点、IDC和Coxl)匹配算法组合策略(R-I-C激光扫描匹配算法),采用Kalman(卡尔曼)滤波器进行激光/MIMU融合定位;最后,在以ARM为核心处理器的硬件平台上进行定位仿真。仿真结果表明:R-I-C算法满足设计要求;激光/MIMU融合定位方法具有良好的性能,能实现微小型飞行器的室内高精度定位。     

机床线性轴多自由度运动误差在线测量方法

激光多自由度误差测量方法常被用于测量机床运动误差。半导体激光器由于体积小、成本低等优点,常被作为激光多自由度误差测量系统的光源。但是,大气扰动和测量系统的变形将导致半导体激光器的出射光束产生漂移,影响测量系统的稳定性。同时,由于半导体激光器的发光特点,其光斑常为椭圆形,从而制约了以半导体激光器为光源的激光多自由度误差测量系统的测量精度。因此,提出了基于双反射镜的光束漂移自动抑制方法,对半导体激光的光束漂移进行实时测量和补偿;同时提出了光束整形方法,在不加入其他光学元件的同时,修正半导体激光器的光斑形貌。在此基础上,设计并搭建了半导体激光多自由度运动误差测量系统。通过试验可得,测量系统水平直线度误差信号、竖直直线度误差信号、偏摆角误差信号和俯仰角误差信号的稳定性由光束漂移抑制前的6.9μm、6.7μm、5.4arcsec和4.6arcsec提高到光束漂移抑制后的5.5μm、2.5μm、1.3arcsec和1.7arcsec;直线度误差测量精度优于1.9μm,角度误差测量精度优于1.6arcsec。     

纯方位二维目标跟踪的航迹起始算法

 针对传统航迹起始算法在纯方位目标定位和跟踪系统应用中存在的弊端,提出了一种完全基于角度量测的快速航迹起始算法。该方法通过深入分析目标在角度坐标下的运动特性,给出了全新的关联门构造方法。该波门技术有效提高了纯方位二维目标真实量测的确认效率,极大限制了虚假航迹随密集杂波的扩张。利用此波门,通过基于逻辑的方法对仅有角度量测的目标航迹进行扩展。该方法有效地解决了角度坐标系下机动目标的航迹起始分辨率下降的问题,为基于单个被动传感器纯方位跟踪系统进行快速、准确的航迹起始提供了新的思路。仿真结果及实际应用表明了此算法的有效性和实用性。     

阵风发生装置流场测量与分析

以小型阵风发生装置为研究对象,采用二维热线风速仪,测量了不同工况下的阵风装置流场参数,给出了二维热线仪测量方案和在线角度修正方法,以及阵风幅值和波形稳定性计算方法。结果表明：采用风洞在线角度修正,可以提高二维热线的y向测量精度和测试效率;采用波形相位分析方法,可以满足阵风发生器产生的周期性波形的幅值和流场脉动量分析;阵风幅值与4～15Hz的叶栅摆动频率、8°～30°的叶栅摆动角度、50～100mm的叶栅弦长成正比关系;阵风波形的不稳定性（等相位速度脉动量）与叶栅摆动角度、来流速度有一定的线性关系,在本试验范围内随叶栅摆动角度、来流速度的增加而增加,同时,适当的叶栅摆动频率可以降低叶栅的波形不稳定性。研究结论对阵风发生装置研制及其流场测量具有一定的参考意义。     

二维驱动机构的机电一体化谐振问题探讨

谐振是机电一体化的普通现象,致其产生的因素有很多,其中最为常见的是电机与负载之间的力矩传递。谐振的发生不仅会损害本体,还会对安装平台造成不良影响,甚至恶化平台上其他仪器的性能。以二维驱动机构的机电一体化谐振问题为例,通过高频(100kHz)采样伺服电机相电流及角度传感器的信号,分析了电机三相电流和角度传感器的频谱成份,提出采用双反馈控制和notch数字滤波器改变系统的频谱特性,从而消除机械谐振,提高伺服跟踪精度,使之满足工程型号的要求。此方法对解决机电一体化的谐振问题具有重要意义。     

直升机贴地飞行威胁探测与规避方法研究

直升机在贴地飞行过程中，为保证飞行安全，必须采用传感器系统探测前方威胁信息，本文通过直升机飞行速度、威胁尺寸与机载传感器的各项性能指标之间的量化关系，得出为了全面探测各类尺寸大小的威胁应采用以被动传感器为主、主动传感器为辅的传感器系统。同时基于传感器探测所获得的威胁信息，提出了二维横侧向威胁规避算法，并通过计算机仿真验证了其可行性。     

基于微型压力传感器阵列的边界层分离点检测方法

为了检测边界层的分离点,探讨了根据表面压力分布变化判定分离点的检测方法,提出了基于微机电系统(MEMS)技术和柔性衬底的微型压力传感器阵列的结构方案,可实现在线实时测量,并满足非平面表面的流体测量要求;同时提出了1种分离点检测的判定方法,并通过二维圆柱绕流仿真验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。微型压力传感器阵列的引入,拓宽了边界层分离点检测的解决途径。     

旋转冲压压缩转子二维进气流道数值研究

借鉴二维超声速进气道的设计方法,设计了一种旋转冲压压缩转子的二维进气流道,并采用二维雷诺平均N-S方程和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型对其流场进行了数值仿真,研究了转速、背压对二维进气流道中波系结构、内部流动特性和性能的影响.计算结果表明:所提出的旋转冲压压缩转子二维进气流道设计方法是可行的;二维进气流道中产生的激波系与二维超声速进气道中产生的激波系相类似,所不同的是二维进气流道中产生的激波为弯曲激波,而二维超声速进气道中产生的激波为平直激波;转速和背压对二维进气流道的性能有较大影响.      

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.