飞机座舱里的烟气

在１９７０－１９８０年期间，美国空军有８９例关于飞行中座舱烟气事故的报告，这些敢大部分来自有机的石油衍生物，它们能引起中枢神经系统功能失调和粘膜刺激等大量的症状。     

尾吊模拟失重对小鼠过敏性哮喘的影响及其机制研究

为阐明模拟失重条件下免疫功能变化在过敏性哮喘发生中的作用,在正常条件下和尾吊模拟失重条件下利用卵清蛋白(OVA)刺激诱导小鼠过敏性哮喘,通过小鼠外观、精神、呼吸、擦鼻情况以及肺组织切片、支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞计数评估过敏性哮喘的程度,通过脾细胞计数和淋巴细胞亚群测定小鼠免疫状态。结果表明：小鼠尾吊模拟失重可以改善OVA诱导过敏性哮喘小鼠的外观、精神、呼吸、擦鼻情况,减少OVA诱导小鼠支气管肺组织中炎性细胞浸润,减轻肺泡壁的增厚,降低细胞间质的渗出;与单纯的OVA组相比,尾吊减少了支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞的数目(P<0.001),降低脾细胞的总数(P<0.01),T辅助细胞(Th) 1、Th2和Th17亚群占比降低,调节T细胞(Treg)亚群占比显著升高(P<0.05)。尾吊模拟失重下,OVA诱导条件下,机体免疫功能发生改变,与过敏性哮喘的病情有一定相关性。     

失调对叶片-轮盘耦合系统振动影响的预测

叶片 -轮盘系统的周期对称性经常由于制造、材料,以及非均匀磨损和其它因素而被破坏,引起系统出现失调现象,表现为结构特性的微小变化可能导致叶片振幅和响应的急剧增大。而失调也导致此类周期对称性结构振动特性计算的复杂化。利用有限元通用程序和模态综合技术,建立失调叶片 -轮盘耦合系统三维有限元模型,对一个有1 6个叶片的叶片 -轮盘耦合系统进行了振动特性计算分析,给出了叶片分散度和耦合度对振动特性的影响。     

公民社会的兴起对地方公共产品供给的影响

转型期中国公民社会的兴起使传统的公共产品供给发生变化，它推动着政府机制、市场机制与公民社会机制在公共产品供给过程中共同参与、相互合作，促进公共产品供给主体的多元化，而供给过程中的多重利益博弈、多种力量参与则使供给结果能够更准确地反映公民的偏好，同时也有利于遏制权力腐败，提高供给效率和服务质量。     

可压缩流动模拟的多重网格-扰动域推进方法

针对可压缩流动数值模拟的加速需求，在作者前期提出的扰动域推进计算框架下，融入多重网格加速技术，提出了多重网格-扰动域推进方法。建立了粗、细网格上动态计算域的更新逻辑与高效算法，并针对多重网格方法的特点，对粗网格初始化、增大对流动态域等步骤进行了改进。设计了新型粗网格生成策略，可消除结构网格粗网格生成对单元数目的限制。典型算例验证表明，多重网格-扰动域推进方法可同时降低粗、细网格上的计算量并减少总迭代步数；通过在粗、细网格上同时采用随数值扰动传播而增大、随求解收敛而缩小的动态计算域，多重网格-扰动域推进方法可在传统多重网格方法加速的基础上再将计算效率提升57.9%。     

失调叶片盘的振动机理

本文对于失调叶片盘的耦合振动问题 ,采用子结构模态综合法建立系统的振动微分方程 ,利用试验模态分析及模态修正计算求得调谐叶片和外缘带锥壳轮盘的若干低阶模态。通过对叶片模态刚度的微量摄动 ,构造真实的失调叶片盘和各种理论分析失调模型。对某个实际的失调叶片盘的非旋转强迫振动试验验证了系统的力学模型和计算公式。计算结果分析表明 ,失调叶片盘强迫振动响应中个别叶片振动过甚乃为叶片失调所致。对各种失调模型的振动计算表明 ,小频差的随机失调优于其他失调分布形式。并就算例给出了最佳频差幅值和恰当的发动机工作频率范围。     

多区域多重网格法在直升机粒子分离器中的应用

首次将多区域多重网格法用在一般曲线坐标系下交错网格布局的 SIMPLEC算法中,在直升机粒子分离器这类独特结构中的成功应用,突破多重网格方法在多连通域中运用的局限性,使复杂问题变得简单。结果表明,它不仅能加快流场求解的收敛速度,而且还能提高计算精度。     

从供给侧改革到“双循环经济” 民航市场如何应对新常态

2016年是"十三五"开局之年,新常态下,中国经济下行压力明显,供需均衡严重失调,供给侧改革成为创新驱动发展战略的突破口。"释放新需求,创造新供给"也被写入十八届五中全会公报。今年,又一个五年规划之始。"十四五"规划提出以深化供给侧结构性改革为主线,加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,从供给改革到刺激需求,促进经济的良性循环。     

失调参数对T尾结构振动模态局部化的影响

对飞机T尾结构振动模态的局部化现象和频率曲线转向现象进行了研究。根据峰值振幅比,改进了局部化度的定义。根据平尾刚度和垂尾刚度对T尾结构固有频率的影响,定义了T尾结构的耦合度。分析了T尾结构中平尾的失调质量、失调刚度及失调位置参数对T尾结构模态局部化度、模态频率和模态振型的影响。结果表明,失调参数是通过仅改变两支相关模态中的某一支模态固有频率来实现频率曲线转向,进而引起模态局部化现象的。平尾发生质量失调时,质量较大一侧的振幅大于质量较小一侧的振幅;发生刚度失调时,刚度较小一侧的振幅大于刚度较大一侧的振幅。在平尾翼尖处进行质量失调设计或在平尾翼根处进行刚度失调设计,更有利于实现T尾结构的模态局部化。     

应激积累：导致健康风险和飞行员差错

应激和应激源的定义应激，是指人或动物有机体在外部环境刺激下产生的一种体内不平衡状态或称作非特异性生物学反应现象。如这种不平衡或反应超出个体、社会系统或机体组织系统的适应能力且长期不能减弱或缓解，机体将处于持续的唤醒状态，而最终导致健康风险。综合起来应激包括：使人感到紧张的刺激物；由刺激唤醒的内部心理状态，以及人体出现的解释性、情感性、防御性的反应；个体对自己是否处于应激状态的感知。     

用机体振动诊断直升机旋翼复合不平衡故障研究

 在用机体振动诊断旋翼单一不平衡故障研究基础上,提出了仅借助机体振动信号诊断旋翼复合不平衡故障的新方法。证明了从旋翼复合不平衡故障空间到多点机体振动空间存在一对一映射关系。利用3个BP神经网络诊断故障类别和程度,利用机体振动一阶谐波分量的初相角确定失衡桨叶方位。模型旋翼实验结果表明,该方法可行、有效。     

微波等离子推力器同轴谐振腔内的电磁场特性

为了研究同轴谐振腔内导体的头部形状、位置对腔内电磁场分布的影响规律,用时域有限差分法(FDID)对微波等离子推力器(MPT)TEM谐振模式的同轴谐振腔中的电磁场进行了数值模拟,并结合实验现象对数值模拟的结果进行了分析讨论。结果表明,内导体头部形状的改变,改变了同轴腔内电磁场的分布规律和电场强度最大集中区域的位置。内导体位置的改变,只改变电磁场强度的大小,且内导体愈接近同轴腔的底面(即：放电间隙δ愈小),腔内电场强度愈强。同时,锥形头部的内导体,更有利于MPT的启动和稳定工作,为采用同轴谐振腔的MPT工程样机的研制提供了依据。     

The Sun as an inconstant star

It has been thought for a long time that the luminosity of the Sun has remained constant since the Sun evolved into the Main Sequence stage almost 4.5 billion yr ago. However, many of recent data obtained from the isotopic analyses in the tree rings, meteoritic and lunar samples have shown that the luminosity and the activity of the Sun must have been varied for such long years. It seems that the one of the most important discoveries on the variability of the Sun is that of the Maunder Minimum (1645–1715), during which the solar activity had been extremely weak so that no sunspot had been observed for almost seventy years. Furthermore, this minimum was almost coincident with the severest period of the Little Ice Age having covered the Earth from the early 14th to the middle 19th centuries. These results suggest a possible connection between the long-term variation of the Earth's climate and that of the solar activity.The Sun shines as emitting continuously the nuclear energy as light quanta. As well known, this energy is almost constantly being released from the thermonuclear reactions taking place in the central core of the Sun. Whenever the efficiency of these reactions changes due to some mechanisms to occur inside the Sun, the light emissivity from the Sun, namely, the Sun's luminosity, would change accordingly. Thus some change in the physical processes inside the Sun may always induce various kinds of variability as related to the rearrangement of the internal structure of the Sun. As a result of this kind of change, the Earth's climatic condition also seems to be critically influenced in association with the variation of the Sun's luminosity. Since it seems that the mean level of the solar activity for a long time, say, 100 yr, is dependent on the long-term change in the physical processes inside the Sun as related to the variation of the solar luminosity, the Earth's climatic condition may be necessarily changeable as dependent on the long-term variation of the solar activity. Some evidence is here shown by reviewing the historical records on the climatic change.A brief account is finally given on the possible origin of the inconstancy in the solar luminosity and activity.     

飞行器腹部空腔绕流的数值模拟

采用分块对接"O"网格技术,基于雷诺时均NS方程与两方程k-ε模型计算DLR-F6模型的三维粘性流场.模拟了三种几何构型在马赫数M=0.75、0.85、1.5、1.9下的流动情况.计算结果表明开空舱使升力减小,阻力增加;不同的空腔长深比气动特性变化不明显.     

全面评价梁漱溟:从学术思想到人格特质

对梁漱溟的学术思想、社会实践与人格特质进行宏观审视与全面评价。从他的学术思想、社会实践与人格特质,他的是非、得失与成败,他在中国现代史上的地位等角度,进行全面的、客观的、实事求是的评价。梁漱溟一生始终徘徊在"学术"和"政治"之间,使他对民族与文化"数千年未有之变局"有深刻的体认。通过全面评价梁漱溟,可以透视与反观那一代知识分子对民族与文化双重困境下中国的忧患之思。     

航空发动机中介轴承的故障特征与诊断方法

提出了转差域频谱和转差域包络谱的概念,建立了诊断航空发动机中介轴承故障的方法.利用发动机高、低压转差作为触发信号,对发动机振动信号进行等转差周期采集,并在转差域对振动信号进行频谱和包络谱分析.结果表明:不平衡响应、不对中响应以及外环静止的轴承故障响应等振动信号在转差域频谱和转差域包络谱上的位置随转速变化;而中介轴承的故障响应在转差域频谱上的边频成分间距不随转速变化,具有倍频“恒间距”特征;在转差域包络谱上的位置也不随转速变化,具有“恒频”特征.带外环故障的中介轴承实验表明:转速变化时,在转差域包络谱中,外环故障特征倍频成分位置不变;在转差域频谱中,出现间隔宽度恒定为外环故障特征倍频的频率成分.      

Earth-moon libration points: Theory,existence and applications

The availability of reliable satellites and space probes makes it timely to review our state of knowledge in detail on all aspects of our solar system so that these new tools can be used to maxi-mum advantage in scientific exploration and technical use.Earth-Moon libration points have been of theoretical interest as a concrete example in the three body problem. In analogy with the Trojan Asteroids they may also be collection points for dust or particles or other small bodies which are shown to be of geophysical interest. Finally, they may find use in applications where relatively long time stationary behavior relative to the Earth and the Moon is desirable; for example: for long term Solar observation or as a communication link.The leading question of interest at the present is confirmation of reported ground observations on dust clouds in the vicinity of the stable points through satellite based observations.The Authors are indebted to the Space Sciences Board of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences for permission to use background material of the Space Research Summer Study 1965.     

长三角地区引进外资过程中存在的问题与对策

长三角地区是中国经济的重要“增长极”，FDI（外商直接投资）对其经济发展起着巨大的推动作用，但长三角在招商引资过程中，却出现了引资不平衡、开发区过多过滥、能源短缺等问题。文章尝试找出这些问题的症结，并提出了创建以市场力量为主，逐步从以优惠政策为平台的引资机制转变为以政府服务为平台的引资机制的思路。     

Reconfigurable multiport amplifiers for in-orbit use

A highly reliable and economical system design is presented for a multiport amplifier (MPA) system, which has attracted considerable attention for its potential use in multibeam mobile satellite communications. An MPA is composed of multiple input/output ports and an array of multiple high-power amplifier (HPAs). Since the HPAs are shared among multiple beams, this design solves the problems of traffic imbalance among beams, traffic changes due to terminal movement, and changes in propagation conditions, and can efficiently utilize the total transmitting power with maximum flexibility and minimum hardware. The problem is that HPA failures degrade the MPA beam isolation, causing multipath interference in the surrounding area due to leakage through adjacent beams. To address this problem, we investigated the MPA performance and survival probability when HPAs fail, by taking the specific properties of the MPA configuration into account. Based on our analysis, we found that there is an optimum operational HPA on/off mode in the event of HPA failure, and we were able to obtain optimal performance and reliability by reconfiguring the HPA on/off states in orbit upon the occurrence of HPA failures. Our proposed self-redundant, reconfigurable MPA can achieve high reliability without any need for additional redundant units or switches.     

A technique for calculating characteristics of axial flow compressor stage with blades of large relative length

The mathematical modeling of gas flow in vane channels of axial compressors in the one-dimensional statement is considered taking into account the radial nonuniformity of flow parameters. Such an approach makes it possible to develop the fast-response algorithms for calculating the characteristics of the axial compressor stage when the working body parameters change at inlet and turn of inlet guide vanes.