Cr对Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf合金显微组织与高低温力学性能的影响

 以Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf成分为基础,分别添加了2%和17%(原子分数,后同)的Cr元素替代Nb(分别称2Cr和17Cr合金),研究了Cr含量对Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf合金相组成、显微组织形貌、室温断裂韧性和高温强度的影响,分析了高低温失效机制。结果表明,铸态和1 375 ℃×100 h热处理后2Cr合金由Nbss和Nb₅Si₃两相组成;当Cr含量为17%时,出现了具有C15结构的Laves Cr₂Nb相,合金由Nbss、Nb₅Si₃和Cr₂Nb三相组成,热处理后在Nb₅Si₃中还析出了球状Cr₂Nb相。随着Cr含量由2%提高到17%,热处理合金的室温断裂韧性K_Q由14.32 MPa·m^1/2下降到10.30 MPa·m^1/2。合金强度与Cr含量的关系受温度影响,随Cr含量提高,室温和1 150 ℃时合金的硬度或强度增高,而1 250 ℃和1 350 ℃时合金强度降低。如1 150 ℃时2Cr和17Cr合金的屈服强度σ_0.2分别为349 MPa和387 MPa;1 350 ℃时分别为306 MPa和74 MPa。     

国产T700级碳纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料的力学性能

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、反气相色谱(IGC)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对国产T700级碳纤维和东丽T700S碳纤维的表面形貌、表面能和表面化学特性进行表征,测试两种碳纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料的力学性能,考察国产碳纤维复合材料的界面黏结性能、韧性和湿热性能。结果表明:碳纤维表面特性(表面形貌、表面能和表面化学组成等)对复合材料界面黏结性能具有显著影响;国产T700级碳纤维/QY9611复合材料在室温下的界面黏结性能优于T700S/QY9611复合材料;国产T700级碳纤维/QY9611复合材料的韧性优异,冲击后压缩强度达到了国外先进复合材料IM7/5250-4的水平;经湿热处理后的层间剪切强度仍与T700S/QY9611复合材料相当,说明国产T700级碳纤维/QY9611复合材料具备良好的湿热性能。     

TiAl/NiCoCrAl层板复合材料的EB-PVD制备及组织性能研究

采用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)技术,成功制备了尺寸为150mm×100mm×0.4mm的TiAl/NiCoCrAl层板复合材料,并对其物相组成、断口形貌和室温力学性能与TiAl单层材料进行了对比分析.结果表明,在TiAl/NiCoCrAl层板复合材料中,NiCoCrAl层主要由Ni3Al和NiCrCo组成,TiAl层由γ相、α2相和т相组成且未发现TiAl单层材料中看到的分层现象;TiAl/NiCoCrAl层板复合材料的强度和韧性都要高于TiAl单层材料,其断裂方式由沿晶脆性断裂转变为具有一定延性的穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂的混合断裂方式.TiAl/NiCoCrAl层板复合材料的强化机制主要为细晶弥散强化;该材料的韧化机制主要为裂纹的偏转、微桥接和弯曲增韧.     

Ti元素对激光金属沉积Nb-Mo-Ta-W高熵合金缺陷的影响

采用激光金属沉积工艺对成分重组设计后的Nb-Mo-Ta-W系难熔高熵合金进行成形制备，利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对(NbMoTa)₉₀W₁₀和(NbMoTaTi)₉₀W₁₀两种高熵合金的相结构、缺陷与微观组织进行了表征分析，并通过多功能力学试验机对两种合金进行室温拉伸性能测试。结果表明：(NbMoTa)₉₀W₁₀和(NbMoTaTi)₉₀W₁₀两种高熵合金均为单相体心立方结构；Ti元素在Nb-Mo-Ta-W系合金中的晶界处形成了“液态薄膜”，可实现对沿晶裂纹的良好抑制；冶金缺陷的减少以及Ti元素引入的晶格畸变效应，(NbMoTaTi)₉₀W₁₀高熵合金的室温力学性能提升，屈服强度达到1156 MPa。     

Hf和Re含量对Co-Ti-V高温合金γ/γ′两相晶格错配度的影响

通过对不同含量Hf和Re的Co-Ti-V高温合金进行组织形貌观察和X射线衍射分析,研究不同含量Hf和Re合金中γ′相形貌与γ/γ′两相晶格错配度的关系。采用EDS分析合金中各元素的分配行为与γ/γ′两相晶格错配度的关系。通过对不同成分的合金进行1000℃高温压缩实验,研究Hf和Re含量对合金高温压缩性能的影响。结果表明:随着Hf含量的增加,γ′相的形貌由立方形转变为球形,γ/γ′两相的晶格错配度减小;随着Re含量的增加,γ′相的形貌由立方形变为长条状,且γ′相变得粗大,γ/γ′两相的晶格错配度减小;通过EDS分析,Co、Hf和Re元素在γ相中富集,而Ti和V元素在γ′相中富集;随着Re含量增加,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度均增加;随着Hf含量的增加,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度先减小后增大。     

抽拉速率对Ti-47.5Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2B合金的定向凝固组织的影响

采用亚快速定向凝固装置成功地制备了Ti-47.5Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2B合金定向凝固试样,观察了不同凝固速率下的固液界面形貌、过渡区和稳态区凝固组织.实验结果表明,在2μm/s抽拉速率下,合金界面以胞状界面形态生长,全片层组织(γ+α2)取向与生长方向成0°和45°的夹角,合金凝固时的领先相为β相.在100μm/s凝固速率下,合金界面以枝状形态生长,全片层组织方向与生长方向的夹角为90°,领先相从β相转化为α相.通过将合金中Cr和Nb元素的含量折算成Al的含量,计算Ti-48.3Al合金中α和β相界面生长温度,发现凝固速率达到180μm/s时,领先相可由β相转变为α相,理论计算结果支持实验中的相选择转变过程.     

激光选区熔化用AlSi10Mg粉末显微组织与性能

采用超音速气体雾化制备Al Si10Mg粉末,粉末经分级后通过激光选区熔化制成试块。利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪研究粉末和试块的微观组织、组成相及演变情况,通过拉伸实验测试试块的室温拉伸性能。结果表明,Al Si10Mg粉末粒径分布符合激光选区熔化工艺要求,粉末呈球形或类球形。粉末组织细小均匀,主要由α(Al)基体和(α+Si)共晶组成。试块熔池形貌清晰可见,组织均匀、致密,其致密度达到99.5%;该组织中仅存在α(Al)和极少量Si相,几乎所有合金元素均固溶于Al基体中。经室温拉伸性能测试,试块的抗拉强度达到了442 MPa。     

EB-PVD沉积Ni-Cr-Al合金的组织和力学性能的研究

利用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)方法制备出厚度为0.5mm的Ni-Cr-Al高温合金。研究了该合金在制备状态和长期时效后的显微组织及其力学性能。结果表明,制备态合金表面的晶粒尺寸约为185nm,并且材料断面呈层状结构。合金在760℃下时效16h,72h和120h后,材料断面的层状结构消失,且明显看到晶粒的存在。合金时效16h后,在靠近基板一侧形成柱状晶,但远离基板一侧为等轴晶。760℃长时间时效形成的主要强化相为γ'相。断口结果表明,制备态合金室温断口为混合型断口,接近基板一侧发生沿柱状晶边界的脆性断裂,而在另一侧为韧窝为主的韧性断裂。材料经长时间的真空时效后,断口由脆性断口转变为韧性断口。合金的室温显微硬度随时效时间的增加而下降,这是由于γ'相不断长大所引起。与制备态合金相比,时效后合金的力学性能明显改善。     

二维 C/SiC复合材料的室温疲劳行为及寿命预测

为了研究二维C/SiC复合材料的疲劳行为并对其进行寿命预测,进行室温下二维C/SiC复合材料的拉伸试验和疲劳试验,并使用扫描电镜(SEM)观察其断口形貌。结果表明:C/SiC复合材料表现出类似金属的韧性断裂行为,疲劳极限约为极限拉伸强度(UTS)的85%,在室温下具有较为优良的抗疲劳性能;由于复合材料的缺口钝化效应,缺口试样的S-N曲线要高于光滑试样,但两者趋势一致,据此提出基于名义应力的疲劳寿命预测方法。     

采用Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co钎料钎焊SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料的接头组织与性能

针对SiCf/β21S钛基复合材料,采用Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co系新钎料,进行了钎焊实验和接头力学性能测试.实验结果表明:960℃/10min规范下的钎缝组织形貌单一,钎焊接头剪切强度平均值为157.8MPa;960℃/10min/5MPa规范下的钎缝主要由层片状组织组成,接头剪切强度平均值达到291.2MPa,较前者提高了85%左右,该接头经过900℃/2h热处理后组织变化不大.钎缝中的缺陷以及Ti和Zr与Cu,Ni和Co三种合金元素形成的脆性化合物相在接头中所占比例对接头性能影响很大.     

Microstructure evolution of a hypereutectic Nb–Ti–Si–Cr–Al–Hf alloy processed by directional solidification

In this work, the Nb–14Si–24Ti–10Cr–2Al–2Hf–0.1Y alloy(at.%) was processed by the liquid–metal-cooled directional solidification(DS) at 1750 C with withdrawal rates of 1.2, 6,18 mm/min and post heat treatment(HT) at 1450 C for 10 h. The microstructures of the directionally solidified and heat treated samples were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified alloy mainly consists of petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics and Ti-rich Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics. With the increase of withdrawal rate, the primary Nb5Si3is eliminated, Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectic cells turn round and connected with the microstructure refinement and Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics turn to a river-like morphology. After heat treatment,Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics disappeared and petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics turn to a specific fiber-mesh structure gradually, which is promoted by higher withdrawal rates. Furthermore,both the volume fraction of Cr2Nb and the content of Cr in Nbssof Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics change regularly with the increase of withdrawal rate and heat treatment at 1450 C for 10 h.     

Effects of B on the Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-Ti-Si-based Ultrahigh-temperature Alloy

Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys concocted with boron ranging from 0 to 2 at% are prepared by arc-melting technology. The effects of adding boron on their as-melted microstructure and oxidation resistance are analyzed. The (Nb,Ti)ss, β-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ exist in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf alloy, while (Nb,Ti)ss, α-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ are present in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-1B and Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-2B alloys. The oxidation of Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys is dominated by the diffusion of oxygen through (Nb,Ti)ss. Compared to boron-free alloys, the boron-containing alloys have significantly lower oxidation rate when oxidized at 1 200 °C for less than 50 h, but, for more than 50 h, their oxidation resistance deteriorates.     

Si和Ti对Nb-6Hf-4Zr-2B合金组织和室温力学性能的影响

 为了寻求Nb合金的强度和塑性的平衡,设计了以Nb基固溶体Nbss为主导相的Nb-xSi-6Hf-4Zr-2B-yTi(x=4,8;y=10,30;原子分数)合金,研究了Si和Ti对合金组织和室温力学性能的影响。结果表明,合金由Nbss、Nb3Si和Nb5Si3等3相组成。4Si-(10,30)Ti合金铸态组织是Nb枝晶和分布在枝晶间的硅化物(Nb3Si和Nb5Si3),8Si-(10,30)Ti合金Nb枝晶间分布的是Nb/硅化物(Nb5Si3)的共晶和Nb3Si,随着Si和Ti含量的增加,硅化物体积分数增加。1 600 ℃退火50 h可使部分Nb3Si共析分解,改变合金的组织形貌和各相的体积分数。随着Si和Ti含量的增加,合金的硬度和强度增加,但塑性和韧性降低。Nb枝晶的失效方式为解理断裂,而硅化物为脆性断裂。     

热处理对Mo-Si系金属间化合物微观组织和断裂韧性的影响

以纯金属Mo与纯Si为原料,通过电弧熔炼法制备了Mo₃Si-Mo₅Si3共晶,Mo₅Si3-MoSi₂亚共晶和过共晶Mo-Si系金属间化合物。在1200℃分别对3种合金进行了12h、24h、48h和96h真空退火,观察层状结构在合金中的形成、变化及破坏。1200℃退火48h后,在Mo₅Si3-MoSi₂亚共晶合金中发现了发展完好的Mo₅Si3（D8m）/MoSi₂（C11b）层状结构,层间距为几百纳米;在Mo₅Si3-MoSi₂过共晶合金中,层状结构的层间距与体积百分含量在退火前后没有发生明显变化;在Mo₃Si-Mo₅Si3共晶合金中始终未观察到层状结构的存在。通过压痕法测量了各合金的断裂韧性（K_IC）,研究了微观结构与KIC之间的关系。     

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr Alloys

Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr (x=2, 6, 10, 14, 17 at%) alloys are prepared by arc-melting under argon atmosphere. Microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the arc-melted alloys are investigated. At 2 at% Cr content, the microstructure is composed of Nbss, Nb3Si and a small quantity of Nb5Si3, when the Cr contents increase, Nb3Si disappears. For the high Cr content (x ≥ 10 at%) alloys, besides the Nbss and Nb5Si3, Cr2Nb is also detected. With the increase of Cr content, the volume fractions of Cr2Nb and Nb5Si3 increase, while that of Nbss increases firstly and then begins to degrade when the Cr content is higher than 6 at%. For the alloy with 2 at% Cr, the room temperature fracture toughness is about 14.5 MPa·m1/2, but badly decreases to about 8.5 MPa·m1/2, when the Cr contents increase. Vickers hardness of Nbss tends to increase linearly from about 400 to 500, while that of silicides is not sensitive to Cr contents, about 950. The appearance of Cr2Nb phase significantly improves the high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloys with high Cr contents. The isothermal oxidation tests show that the oxidation kinetics of the alloys with various Cr contents follows parabolic oxidation kinetics.     

Hf对Nb15W5Si2B合金室温和高温力学性能的影响

 为了寻求Nb-Si基合金高温强度和室温塑性之间的平衡,设计了以Nb基固溶体相Nb-SS占主导的Nb15W5Si2BxHf(x= 0,5,10,15,原子百分数）合金,研究了Hf元素对Nb15W5Si2B合金的组织、室温和高温压缩性能以及高温蠕变性能的影响。结果表明,Nb15W5Si2B合金由Nb-SS和Nb5Si3两相组成,Nb5Si3相呈网状分布;Hf的加入不改变相组成,但Nb5Si3相由网状分布逐步变成不连续小岛状分布,而且体积分数减少。Hf同时提高Nb15W5Si2B合金的高温静强度和室温塑性,但对Nb15W5Si2B高温压缩蠕变性能不利。最后讨论了Hf对Nb15W5Si2B合金强化与塑性化机理。     

镍掺杂对α-Al2O3烧结过程、微观结构及力学性能的影响

 首先采用非均相沉淀包裹法制备金属镍包裹α-Al₂O₃复合微球粉体,然后采用热压烧结制备了Al₂O₃/Ni金属陶瓷。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）对复合粉体及热压烧结产物的成分和结构进行了表征,利用阿基米德法测量了复合陶瓷的密度,分别通过三点弯曲法和单边切口横梁法对陶瓷试条的抗弯强度和断裂韧性进行评估。研究发现：金属镍的引入活化了α-Al₂O₃的烧结,镍粒子均匀地分布在氧化铝的晶界上,增加了弱界面,提高了氧化铝的断裂韧性,最高可达7.62 MPa·m^1/2。     

B4C－TiB2－W2B5复合材料研究

 通过热压和热等静压反应烧结,从相复合角度探索了改善碳化硼机械性能及发展新型碳化硼基超硬材料的可行性,并给出了最新研究结果。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of In-situ Synthesized Al2O3/TiAl Composites

Al2O3 particle-reinforced TiAl composites are successfully reaction-synthesized from the powder mixture of Ti, Al, TiO2, and Nb2O5, using the hot pressing reaction synthesis technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-sintered products are investigated. It is found that in the as-sintered products consisting of γ-TiAl, α2-Ti3Al, Al2O3, and NbAl3 phases, the fine Al2O3 particles tend to disperse on the grain boundaries. With the Nb2O5 content increasing, the grains are remarkably refined and the Al2O3 particles are dispersing more uniformly in the TiAl matrix, forming a partial lamellar structure containing α and lamellar phases. The hardness of the in-situ composites increases gradually, and the bending strength and the fracture toughness of the as-sintered products reach the maximum value of 398.5 MPa and 6.99 MPa·m^1/2, respectively, as the Nb2O5 content increases to 6 wt%.