Nanotechnology-based molecular test equipment (MTE)

This paper describes original research efforts in the design, simulation, and development of nanotechnology-based molecular test equipment (MTE). This is a research effort for testing printed circuit boards independent of traditional automatic test equipment (ATE) through the fabrication of MTE within integrated circuits (ICs). The MTE is embedded within the IC substrate and encapsulated within nanoprobes that connect between the surface and the substrate of the IC at various functional areas. A process is followed whereby IC device simulation is performed to assess the electrical, chemical, and structural properties of integrated and adjacent substrate devices. Through this approach the nominal and failed device performance parameters of interest to substrate-based MTE are found. Discussion of the development and application of MTE within IC architectures is provided, including such topics as the effect of substrate composition on the design and realization of MTE, interfaces between MTE and IC devices, and reporting of MTE results to the IC surface and technician. Potential application areas within different device functions will also be identified. A chemical structure diagram is also provided to illustrate the implementation of MTE using discrete device configurations with MTE-augmented logic     

基于贝叶斯优化的磁光阱多参数自主优化系统

磁光阱是一种冷却陷俘原子的装置,磁光阱实验参数的优化是冷原子实验中基础且重要的工作,人工手动优化参数需耗费大量时间,且很难确保最终参数是全局最优的。基于贝叶斯优化的机器学习方法是一种对目标表达式未知、非凸、多峰的量子物理系统进行参数优化的有效方案,该过程通常远快于人工手动调节,且有更大概率找到全局最优值。提出了一种基于贝叶斯优化方法的冷原子多参数自主实时优化实验方案,该方案通过成本函数构造、控制程序编写、贝叶斯算法优化等形成一个可自主优化的闭环系统。实验结果表明,经过约30 min的迭代优化,所提方案可有效完成磁光阱系统的多参数优化,并得到最优的实验结果;所提方案验证了贝叶斯优化方法在多参数物理系统中应用的可行性,通过改进成本函数,还可应用于其他的复杂多参数实验物理系统最优参数快速确定。     

基于嵌入式平台的MEMS/GPS 组合导航系统实现研究

主要研究基于PC104平台的MEMS/GPS组合导航系统硬件实现方法.首先设计了对MTi-30 MEMS器件与GPS接收机的数据采集软件,基于统计分析方法分析建立了传感器的误差模型参数,构建了MEMS/GPS组合算法模型,基于MEMS惯性器件和GPS接收机实测数据确定了Kalman滤波器的系统噪声阵及量测噪声阵模型参数;然后利用实际测量数据进行了MEMS/GPS组合系统导航性能仿真;最后基于PC 104嵌入式平台,构建了MEMS/GPS组合导航系统原理样机,分别在静态和动态情况下完成MEMS/GPS组合导航算法实时测试,导航结果验证了硬件平台及导航算法的正确性.     

IR circuit board and IC failure detection

This paper describes research and development efforts in the use of infrared (IR) laser beams for detecting failures in integrated circuits resident on printed circuit boards. This work involves taking advantage of the transparency of the silicon substrate of ICs to radiation in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum to devise a non-invasive method for imaging the component circuitry of the IC. The implication is that a means to see into the physical structure of an integrated circuit can be created by using lasers tuned to these wavelengths. While the silicon substrate is transparent to the laser, the circuit paths and devices embedded within the substrate are readily visible since their metallic composition is opaque to laser energy at this wavelength. A laser test fixture consisting of a 1064 nm continuous wave laser, CCD camera, and image acquisition board is used to generate images from flip-chip integrated circuits. Multiresolution image processing techniques are then applied to the resulting images to identify potential defects.     

基于MCM&SOC方案的微惯性器件系统集成技术综述

近年来,在航空航天、武器装备、高端工业等领域的制导、控制等应用需求的牵引下,微惯性器件的尺寸、质量与功耗(SWaP)指标不断提升,配套电路由PCB逐步升级为ASIC。综合工艺复杂度、成本、性能潜力等因素,基于MCM和SoC的MEMS结构与ASIC系统集成方案逐步成为目前的主流选择。介绍了主流微惯性器件MEMS结构与ASIC的MCMSoC系统集成技术现状,并对各集成方案特点进行了分析对比。此外,对微惯性器件MEMS与ASIC系统集成的关键技术进行了总结。最后,简要分析了国内外差距并展望了下一步发展趋势。     

新型Σ-Δ多通道动态测试分析系统研究与实现

 动态测试与分析系统需要动态范围（DRN）大、信噪比（SNR）高,传统方法实现复杂且成本高。本文分析了Σ-Δ调制的动态特性,提出基于Σ-Δ ADC(模-数转换器)ADS1271,Σ-Δ DAC（数-模转换器）AIC23及浮点数字信号处理器（DSP）芯片TMS320C6713的新型高精度动态测试与分析系统,实现了多通道实时动态测试与分析,系统具有24位采集精度,8通道可级联基本模块,实时频率细化FFT（Zoom-FFT）、功率谱密度（PSD）等分析功能, 正弦、瞬态扫频、随机和冲击响应谱等信号源功能以及高速USB2.0数据传输功能。系统用于振动、冲击、噪声工程等测试与分析系统,可取代国外最新产品。     

Impact Potential of New Power Electronic Technologies

New technological advances in the area of power electronics are having an increasing impact on the design of aerospace control systems. These next generation power components promise improved system performance through increased electronic efficiencies. Applying state-of-the-art packaging concepts as an integral part of the system design will allow these devices to be utilized in a space efficient and reliable manner. The first portion of this paper looks at two such next generation components. The first is a High Voltage Integrated Circuit (HVIC) that provides a bridge between the low voltage controller logic and the high voltage motor winding invertor. This device achieves size reduction and an increase in reliability through integration of low and high voltage logic networks on a single integrated circuit. The second is the Insulated Gate Transistor (IGT). This device provides a high voltage switch with MOS-like drive characteristics. The present and future expectations of these power devices are discussed. This paper then looks at new packaging techniques for power devices. The impact of parasitic circuit effects have significant impact on power circuit performance. Finally, this paper looks at an example control application. The design is that of a permanent magnet motor driven actuator. The drive motor uses 270 vdc for supply voltage. Within the intelligent system controller, is the capability to control the current demands of the motor. The new power electronics devices are making the design feasible in both thermal and volume efficiency. This topic includes projected controller sizing into the 1990s.     

Modern microwave power sources

The primary advantages of electron tubes over solid-state devices are that they are usually more efficient and will operate at higher temperature. Therefore, they can be smaller, tighter and still dissipate the waste heat that, unavoidably, goes along with the production of high output power. It is no accident that a one-megawatt cw microwave tube (1340 horsepower) is about the same size as a 1250 horsepower internal combustion engine. An assemblage of transistors or integrated circuits would be a much larger maze of circuit boards, power busses, cables, combiners, fuses, heat sinks, and, probably, water pipes. Unlike the situation that pertains for signal and data processing in which Moore's law applies, and complexity and performance increase while size and cost decrease in secular fashion, the transmitter built one hundred years from now will be no smaller and no lighter than the one you build today, unless the active elements are more efficient or run hotter than present-day microwave tubes. At ultra-high frequencies and above, solid-state technology has little hope of providing either advantage. The laws of thermodynamics are not man-made and cannot be broken. Many signals, including both analog and digital TV, digital communications, and EW, have high ratios of peak to average power. The poor efficiency of some microwave solid-state devices in class-A or class-AB operation when compared to that of class-AB gridded electron tubes and TWTs with multistage depressed collectors has interfered with their acceptance as amplifiers of such signals in both commercial and military service at UHF and higher frequencies. In this paper, new data on the new kinds of microwave tubes will be presented with emphasis on their suitability for application in economical, high-reliability, high-performance satellites, and communications, electronic warfare, and radar systems     

AEGIS ORTS-the first and future ultimate integrated diagnosticssystem

The AEGIS Weapon System's Operational Readiness Test System (ORTS) was the predecessor to current Integrated Diagnostic Systems. Evolving from cost effective, diagnostic mix modeling and analysis, it optimally integrated the diagnostic apparatus of the era with AEGIS weapons. As such system's target the 21st century, more complete integration can be achieved. An entire ship, including weapon system, hull mechanical and electrical systems, and propulsion systems can be serviced by a single Integrated Diagnostic System     

A Pulsewidth-Modulated Dc-to-Dc Converter That Utilizes a Small Number of Components

In general, circuit reliability can be enhanced by either incorporating redundancy or by minimizing a circuits component count. Conventional nonregulating converters generally require two active devices, whereas in regulating converters or switching regulators as many as 10 transistors, either integrated or discrete, is not uncommon. A regulating dc-to-dc converter which provides useful regulation and which can be constructed with either two or three transistors is described.     

金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管之发展——从起始到ULSI

金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)是用于ULSI中的重要器件。现在,我们评述从MOSFET的起始,直到在ULSI中应用时期的主要里程碑,并且讨论MOSFET功能的未来趋势。     

Making Weirdness Work: Quantum Information and Computation

Information is something that can be encoded in the state of a physical system, and a computation is a task that can be performed with a physically realizable device. Therefore, since the physical world is fundamentally quantum mechanical, the foundations of information theory and computer science should be sought in quantum physics. In fact, quantum information has weird properties that contrast sharply with the familiar properties of classical information. A quantum computer-a new type of machine that exploits the quantum properties of information could perform certain types of calculations far more efficiently than any foreseeable classical computer. To build a functional quantum computer will be an enormous technical challenge. New methods for quantum error correction are being developed that can help to prevent a quantum computer from crashing.     

Smart flight control surfaces with microelectromechanical systems

Pitch, roll, and yaw moments can be developed by deflecting and changing the geometry of control surfaces. In this paper, smart flight control surfaces are designed using multi-node microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to displace control surfaces and change the surface geometry. These MEMS augment translational motion microstructures (actuators-sensors), controlling/signal processing integrated circuits (ICs), radiating energy devices and antennas. The desired pitch, roll, and yaw moments are produced, drag can be reduced, and unsteady aerodynamic flows are controlled by smart flight control surfaces. That is, we achieve aerodynamic moment and active flow control capabilities. The major objective here is to report fundamental and applied research in design of smart flight control surfaces with MEMS-based actuator-sensor-IC arrays controlled by hierarchical distributed systems. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of smart flight control surfaces for coordinated longitudinal and lateral vehicle control     

飞针在线测试技术在电子模块测试中的应用

重点讨论了飞针在线测试技术在电子模块测试中的应用,并分别介绍了模拟器件和数字器件的测试方法。此技术能测试被测电子模块上各器件之间的物理连接,能测试模拟器件的值,同时也能测试数字器件的逻辑关系。此技术采用了基于PC机软件编程方法,使得测试程序化,并采用隔离技术将被测器件分离,提高测试精确度。灵活的软件编写也使得调试方式多样化。飞针测技术的使用能准确定位故障点,缩短调试周期,对小批量生产的电子模块调试有重要作用。     

Wake vortex characteristics of transport aircraft

The flow and flight physics of wake vortex systems has been intensively investigated concentrating on a large variety of aspects. This paper gives a brief overview on past and present wake vortex research activities such as early studies, integrated programs, model and flight tests, numerical investigations, fundamental physical aspects and alleviation strategies. Then, detailed results of the properties of the wake near field and extended near field are presented addressing typical length and time scales and especially turbulence quantities. Progressing from the near field to the far field wake instability mechanisms are explained along with their relevance for wake vortex decay. Characteristic quantities are given for the short and long wave instabilities associated with vortex merging and wakes consisting of two and four trailing vortices. A non-dimensional frequency parameter is introduced to classify the main instability types. Means for wake vortex alleviation are described aimed at influencing the wake vortex turbulence field or triggering and amplifying the inherent instabilities. The methods discussed include passive means such as the effects of spoilers, differential flap setting and four-vortex systems and active means using oscillating flaps or auxiliary devices.     

边界扫描技术及其应用

边界扫描技术是一种应用于数字集成电路器件的标准化可测试性设计方法,它提供了对电路板上元件的功能、互连及相互间影响进行测试的一种新方案,极大地方便了系统电路的测试。介绍了支持JTAG标准的IC芯片结构,并以PC机作为平台,利用边界扫描技术对某飞控计算机系统中的CPU电路板进行测试,实现了该电路板的可测性设计,体现了边界扫描技术对于芯片互连故障测试检验效率高,控制简单方便,易于实现的优越性。     

光纤器件回波损耗测量系统分析

介绍了各种光纤器件（光无源器件、有源器件、光纤集成器件等）回波损耗的测量原理和测量方法。提出了一些关键技术的解决方法和试验方案。对各种不确定因素进行了分析和试验验证,最终建立了一套光纤器件回波损耗测量装置。     

Digital Computation Makes AFCS More Reliable

In airline service the reliability of a system is more than the confirmed failures for the system; it is the total removal experience of the system. Thus, the reliability of a system lies not only in the piece part failure rates, but also in the capability to verify and isolate failures. The application of digital technology brings several significant reliability improvements to automatic flight control systems (AFCS) when compared to contemporary analog systems. These advantages are demonstrated by the experience of the digital air data computer (DADC) of the DC-10 and the digital AFCS of the JA-37 Viggen. Experience with this equipment is reviewed, and the results are interpreted in terms of projections for airline DAFCS reliability. The digital system built-in test implemented by a stored program and the central processor gives a system integrity and dispatch reliability unequaled by analog systems. This high-integrity self-test reduces removal rates by giving line personnel a trustworthy tool and more complete automatic test processes for verifying maintenance actions. Digital circuit technology is directly suitable to largescale integrated circuits (LSIC) which reduce piece part counts and improve LRU reliability. Digital circuits are less subject to drift and the attendant difficulty to detect failures. These factors, coupled with the inherent high-integrity self-test, provide the basis for a significant improvement in reliability by the use of a digital automatic flight control system.     

航电系统并行检测过程与检测设备解耦方法

航电系统在使用或升级改造过程中进行可靠性检测是必不可少的。特别是在当前批量航电系统大量投入使用的背景下，迫切需要能高效、快速、准确地对系统进行可靠性检测。由于航电系统安全性要求高，内置检测软件受限，需要外置检测设备通过航电系统指定接口进行检测，检测过程也不允许出现任何泄露等行为。检测设备与具体航电系统耦合，检测过程与具体检测设备耦合，难以实现批量航电系统并行检测。为此，通过引入逻辑检测设备，给出了一种航电系统并行检测分层框架，解决检测设备与被测系统耦合的问题，同时也保证了检测的安全性。通过逻辑检测设备、检测跳转机和被测主机上检测行为的描述，给出了一种面向通用航电系统并行检测的检测设备协同机制，解决检测过程与检测设备耦合的问题，从而支持多个航电系统并行检测。最后，实现了一个通用航电系统并行检测系统，并通过实际应用和实验对比验证所提方法的有效性。     

Application of Ground/Air Data Link to General Aviation Operations

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is currently upgrading secondary surveillance radars with systems which will have an integral data link capability, the Mode Select (Mode S) beacon system. These new systems will allow two-way data communications between ground systems (e.g., weather databases and Air Traffic Control (ATC) systems) and aircraft that are equipped with data link compatible Mode S transponders and suitable display and input devices. Initial data link services include both weather information and ATC advisories. The MITRE Corporation* is developing an in-house capability to perform end-to-end operational evaluation of data link services. Initially, a low-cost, portable pilot position man-machine interface is being developed for use in general aviation operations. The objective is to explore operational issues in laboratory and limited flight test environments, and to demonstrate these services on a data link I/O device, a laptop portable personal computer (PC) with touch panel. A group of pilots will bench test the interface design, and the results will be incorporated into the design used in flight testing. This paper describes the project's objectives and results to date, including implementation details and pilot test results.