基于Laguerre函数的高压力非线性传感器补偿研究

针对高压力传感器线性化输出的结果不准确的现象,研究了具有针对性的Duffing非线性系统。用传感器的输出数据作为补偿器的输入,传感器的输入数据作为补偿器的输出,进行基于Laguerre函数的非线性动态补偿器的设计研究。该方法无需知道传感器的非线性阶数,对于外界干扰有较强的抑制作用,对于时延对象也具有一定的优势。利用该补偿器对传感器进行动态补偿,将补偿结果与阶跃响应输出进行对比,结果表明该非线性模型补偿的有效性。     

Sensor fusion for intelligent alarm analysis

The purpose of an intelligent alarm analysis system is to provide complete and manageable information to a central alarm station operator by applying alarm processing and fusion techniques to sensor information. This paper discusses the sensor fusion approach taken to perform intelligent alarm analysis for the Advanced Exterior Sensor (AES). The AES is an intrusion detection and assessment system designed for wide-area coverage, quick deployment, low false/nuisance alarm operation, and immediate visual assessment. It combines three sensor technologies (visible, infrared, and millimeter wave radar) collocated on a compact and portable remote sensor module. The remote sensor module rotates at a rate of 1 revolution per second to detect and track motion and provide assessment in a continuous 360° field-of-regard. Sensor fusion techniques are used to correlate and integrate the track data from these three sensors into a single track for operator observation. Additional inputs to the fusion process include environmental data, knowledge of sensor performance under certain weather conditions, sensor priority, and recent operator feedback. A confidence value is assigned to the track as a result of the fusion process. This helps to reduce nuisance alarms and to increase operator confidence in the system while reducing the workload of the operator     

航空发动机传感器故障诊断方法研究

介绍航空发动机试验过程中,常见的传感器卡死、传感器恒增益变化和传感器恒偏差失效等故障,以及当传感器数据出现异常时,对传感器进行故障诊断的理论方法。对传感器故障诊断有待解决的问题和发展方向做了一定探讨。     

无线传感器网络分析管理平台设计

在现有无线传感器网络系统的基础上,设计开发了一种无线传感器网络分析管理平台。该平台提供了多种形式的用户接口,包括拓扑树视图、节点列表、实时曲线图显示和数据管理等功能,使用户可以直观、方便地获取传感器采集的数据,在此基础上进行管理操作,以满足用户在研究和应用无线传感器网络时的需求,并给出了平台主要功能的实现方法和关键代码。     

基于喘振信息数据融合的发动机温度传感器

针对热电偶（阻）型温度传感器呈现较强的惯性，提出一种基于矩阵奇异分解的传感器数据融合方法，将喘振信息与温度传感器输出信号相融合，分别消除了发动机进口温度T1约1．2％和涡轮后燃气温度L约0．8％的静态误差；同时，还提出了利用喘振信息消除温度传感器动态误差的技术，补偿了热电偶（阻）的惯性延迟。实验和仿真结果表明，该数据融合方法和动态补偿技术不仅算法简单有效，而且温度补偿准确，提高了发动机电子调节器工作的可靠件．     

一种基于Multi Agent的无线传感器网络数据收集算法

提出了构造多Agent协作模型的方法,设计了基于多Agent的无线传感器网络的数据收集算法ARDG(activereliable data gathering algorithm),将多Agent的协作思想结合到数据路由的计算中,该算法在无线传感器网络资源限制,如在传感器存储空间和能量有限等条件下,提高了数据收集的主动性和可靠性,理论和仿真实验证明了该方法的可靠性与时效性。     

民机环控系统压力传感器测试台的设计

压力传感器作为民机环控系统中的关重成品件,其性能好坏直接影响飞机空气系统的管理。为保证其装机质量,提升飞机研制和批产效率,设计了一套压力传感器自动测试台,用于压力传感器的性能测试。首先介绍了压力传感器在机上的功能、分类以及性能参数;然后根据其测试特性,分别从硬件构架、设备选型、测试软件以及配套设备等四个方面阐述了压力传感器测试台的设计方案,实现通过测试软件对压力传感器测试压力和温度的自动控制,并在测试压力和温度达到稳定后,自动采集压力传感器输出的电压信号,经过数据处理后生成测试报告并判断测试结果;最后列出了压力传感器测试台的应用范围和意义。     

Censoring sensors: a low-communication-rate scheme for distributeddetection

We consider a new scheme for distributed detection based on a “censoring” or “send/no-send” idea. The sensors are assumed to “censor” their observations so that each sensor sends to the fusion center only “informative” observations, and leaves those deemed “uninformative” untransmitted. The main result of this work is that with conditionally independent sensor data and under a communication rate constraint, in order to minimize the probability of error, transmission should occur if and only if the local likelihood ratio value observed by the sensor does not fall in a certain single interval. Similar results are derived from Neymarr-Pearson and distance-measure viewpoints. We also discuss simplifications for the most interesting case that the fusion center threshold is high and the communication constraint is severe. We compare censoring with the more common binary-transmission framework and observe its considerable decrease in communication needs. Finally, we explore the use of feedback to achieve optimal performance with very little communication     

一种分布式异步航迹融合算法

在多被动传感器目标跟踪中,融合中心处理的信息一般是同步的,然而实际情况并非如此。另外,一些被动传感器只能得到目标的方位信息,无法单独形成有效航迹,这就需要将各传感器数据同步到相同时刻,然后应用同步融合算法。针对被动传感器探测系统,采用传感器到传感器融合和系统到传感器融合的分布式融合结构,并对各局部传感器引入全局反馈,对相关信息采用协方差交叉算法进行处理,完成被动传感器异步数据的融合,仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的融合效果。     

燃气涡轮发动机地面试验传感器数据确认概念与方法研究

本文介绍了燃气涡轮发动机传感器数据确认系统的研究与应用现状,详细阐述了基于发动机和试验系统物理模型的解析冗余检验相关多传感器信号有效性方法,以及基于信号序列统计与时频特征分析的单传感器通道信号有效性的确认方法,提出了传感器数据有效性确认系统的研究框架。     

Expert Systems in the Fighter of the 1990s

In the Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) to be deployed in the 1990s, the role of expert systems will enhance mission success. This paper discusses the utilization of two expert systems for handling multisensor data fusion and situation assessment. In multisensor data fusion, each sensor operates over a different region of the surveillance volume asynchronously and provides different measurements. In some instances, more than one sensor may yield the same measurement but with a different measurement accuracy. In this regard, the paper describes, in layman's terms, a system block diagram for processing the autonomous sensor track files and the possible need for a ``smart' fusion processor. This expert system is shown to manage the sensor outputs in both the temporal and spatial domains to maximize target identification confidence as well as kinematic state vector accuracy. The paper delineates the features needed by the fusion expert in order to assign a quality factor to each composite track file entry. A second expert system uses the output from fusion and other mission-related data to formulate the best picture of the surveillance volume at hand. This second expert system will show how historical data and real-time sensor data are merged for purposes of display parameters to the pilot, weapon cueing, countermeasures response management, and feedback to the fusion expert processor for individual sensor communication and data collection direction. The paper concludes with a tabular summary of the subprocesses of which these two expert systems may consist.     

The IBEX-Lo Sensor

The IBEX-Lo sensor covers the low-energy heliospheric neutral atom spectrum from 0.01 to 2 keV. It shares significant energy overlap and an overall design philosophy with the IBEX-Hi sensor. Both sensors are large geometric factor, single pixel cameras that maximize the relatively weak heliospheric neutral signal while effectively eliminating ion, electron, and UV background sources. The IBEX-Lo sensor is divided into four major subsystems. The entrance subsystem includes an annular collimator that collimates neutrals to approximately 7°×7° in three 90° sectors and approximately 3.5°×3.5° in the fourth 90° sector (called the high angular resolution sector). A fraction of the interstellar neutrals and heliospheric neutrals that pass through the collimator are converted to negative ions in the ENA to ion conversion subsystem. The neutrals are converted on a high yield, inert, diamond-like carbon conversion surface. Negative ions from the conversion surface are accelerated into an electrostatic analyzer (ESA), which sets the energy passband for the sensor. Finally, negative ions exit the ESA, are post-accelerated to 16 kV, and then are analyzed in a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. This triple-coincidence, TOF subsystem effectively rejects random background while maintaining high detection efficiency for negative ions. Mass analysis distinguishes heliospheric hydrogen from interstellar helium and oxygen. In normal sensor operations, eight energy steps are sampled on a 2-spin per energy step cadence so that the full energy range is covered in 16 spacecraft spins. Each year in the spring and fall, the sensor is operated in a special interstellar oxygen and helium mode during part of the spacecraft spin. In the spring, this mode includes electrostatic shutoff of the low resolution (7°×7°) quadrants of the collimator so that the interstellar neutrals are detected with 3.5°×3.5° angular resolution. These high angular resolution data are combined with star positions determined from a dedicated star sensor to measure the relative flow difference between filtered and unfiltered interstellar oxygen. At the end of 6 months of operation, full sky maps of heliospheric neutral hydrogen from 0.01 to 2 keV in 8 energy steps are accumulated. These data, similar sky maps from IBEX-Hi, and the first observations of interstellar neutral oxygen will answer the four key science questions of the IBEX mission.     

SENSOR FAILURE DETECTION AND SIGNAL RECOVERY BASED ON BP NEURAL NETWORK

Manyhighpefformancecontrolsystemsmusthavefauhtolerantabilityagainstsensorfailures.Theapplicationofprevioussensorfailuredetectinnmethods,mostlybasedonanalyti-calredundancy['Jlislimitedbecausetheyrequireaprecise.mathematicalmedel.BPneuralnetwork(BPNN)isabletolearnanycomplicatedcontinuousnonlinearfunctions,therefore,itcanbeusedtodetectsensorfailuresandrecoverthesignalforthefailedsensor'Recentpubli-cationshavedemonstratedtheuseofBPNNfordetectingsomkindofsensorfailuresandre-coveringthefailedsen…     

Effect of Sensor Errors on Automatic Gunfire Control

A formal approach is introduced toward mathematically relating errors in processed sensor data to their impact on error in gunfire of ground based, antiaircraft defense systems. An initial budget for sensor errors is formulated in terms of the accuracy requirements imposed upon the gunfire. The analysis is applicable to gun sites that are remotely located from the sensor as well as to colocated gun sites. Here, the radial components of sensor errors (along the sensor track line) are found to affect the target-miss distance of a remote gun by at least an order of magnitude more than their effect on the miss distance of a colocated gun. However, the effects of the traverse components of sensor errors (across the sensor track line) are found comparable in magnitude between remote and colocated guns.     

风速对电容式湿度传感器测量值和响应时间影响的研究

研究了风速对电容式湿度传感器最终测量值和响应时间的影响,并分析了产生影响的机理;根据测量数据拟合出了电容式湿度传感器的响应时间和风速之间的函数关系。     

基于自适应优化方法的响应时间数据分析

温度传感器的响应时间是其重要的特性参数,反应了其动态测试性能。在实际测试中,对于响应时间测试数据采用人工读取的方法得到结果,存在人为因素较多,响应时间结果多次读取不一致,精度难以统一的问题。因此提出采用基于Kriging代理模型的自适应序贯优化方法对测试数据进行寻优拟合计算。通过理论阶跃响应曲线的拟合结果,并加入适当修正,最终得到温度传感器的响应时间计算结果。计算结果表明,该方法可以自动精确计算得到温度传感器的响应时间结果,同时可以对同一温度传感器的多次测试数据进行对比量化判断。与传统人工读取方法相比,该方法具有计算精度统一,自动高效,人为因素较少等优势。     

基于光敏树脂分析的3D打印加速度传感器设计

MEMS加速度传感器所采用的硅微机械加工技术存在个性化定制、小批量生产成本方面的不足，而3D打印技术的优势就在于无需模具的自由化定制、一机多用实现低成本产品生产，3D打印的发展趋势就是实现微纳尺度结构的制造。在此背景下，采用光固化立体成型技术设计了一种3D打印压阻式加速度传感器结构。传感器基底使用耐高温光敏树脂制作，并采用丝网印刷工艺在基底表面印制导电碳浆形成应变计结构。为此，首先对耐高温光敏树脂的相关热学与机械性能进行分析。通过测试，得到该光敏树脂固化后的起始分解温度等热力学参数。其次，通过控制光敏树脂紫外光固化时间，取得了较好杨氏模量和弯曲强度的树脂，且为该加速度传感器的结构仿真优化与制作工艺提供了必需数据与重要依据。除此之外，还对所设计的碳浆应变计结构进行了测试，得到了有效灵敏系数。通过以上工作，为最终实现3D打印加速度传感器的制作做好铺垫，助力3D打印技术与MEMS传感器技术相融合。     

Bayesian Approach to Extended Object and Cluster Tracking using Random Matrices

In algorithms for tracking and sensor data fusion the targets to be observed are usually considered as point source objects; i.e., compared with the sensor resolution their extension is neglected. Due to the increasing resolution capabilities of modern sensors, however, this assumption is often no longer valid as different scattering centers of an object can cause distinct detections when passing the signal processing chain. Examples of extended targets are found in short-range applications (littoral surveillance, autonomous weapons, or robotics). A collectively moving target group can also be considered as an extended target. This point of view is the more appropriate, the smaller the mutual distances between the individual targets are. Due to the resulting data association and resolution conflicts any attempt of tracking the individual objects within the group seems to be no longer reasonable. With simulated sensor data produced by a partly unresolvable aircraft formation the addressed phenomena are illustrated and an approximate Bayesian solution to the resulting tracking problem is proposed. Ellipsoidal object extensions are modeled by random matrices, which are treated as additional state variables to be estimated or tracked. We expect that the resulting tracking algorithms are also relevant for tracking large, collectively moving target swarms.     

机载多媒体网络传感器技术研究

为了解决机载设备获取的视频图像不清晰、数据容量小等问题,本文研究了机载多媒体网络传感器的实现技术,给出了机载多媒体现场记录系统的总体技术方案,并讨论了显示器、存储单元及MCU单元选择等问题.网络传感器技术能够提高机载图像和数据获取及记录的能力;机载多媒体现场记录系统是实现机载图像和数据获取的一种高效可行的方法.