软件GNSS信号模拟器架构与中频信号生成

软件GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite Systems)信号模拟器对于GNSS接收机的高效研发将做出重要贡献,因其结构灵活、开放性以及低成本.以GPS/Galileo组合系统为例,讨论了软件GNSS中频信号模拟器的架构,主要功能模块包括卫星星座仿真、接收机轨迹生成、传播通道特性仿真(包括电离层模型、对流层模型、多径模型等)、数字中频信号生成.在此基础上,着重阐述了数字中频信号生成模块的实现,功率谱图及分析结果验证了所生成的信号,包括GPS L1 C/A,Galileo E1 CBOC(Composite Binary Offset Carrier),Galileo E5a和E5b信号.     

软件GPS接收机架构与捕获算法实现

为了将软件无线电技术应用于全球定位系统GPS (Global Positioning System)接收机,提出了一种符合目前硬件技术水平的软件GPS接收机设计架构;分析了软件GPS接收机信号捕获方法的要求;采用循环相关算法作为软件GPS接收机的信号捕获算法,在Matlab仿真环境下实现了相应的捕获程序,并使用GPS卫星C/A码信号采集数据进行了初步验证;初步验证结果表明这种捕获算法能够为软件GPS接收机提供快速捕获能力,同时不损失信号搜索的灵敏度,是一种适用而高效的软件GPS接收机捕获方法.      

GNSS模拟器中频调制卡设计与实现

GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)信号模拟器能够根据用户所设置的GNSS系统和信号形式、载体动态和环境参数,精确模拟出载体收到的卫星信号,这为GNSS系统级仿真试验和接收机的测试提供一种高效的工具.主要研究兼容多系统多频点的卫星信号模拟器中频信号发生器和数字信号处理技术,提出了数字合路与功率控制的方法和信号相位精确模拟的途径;在基于PCIE+DSP+FPGA+DAC架构的中频板卡上完成了与PC通信、波形控制参数计算和更新、基带信号调制以及模拟中频信号的产生;最后给出了与相应的GNSS接收机的对接结果,验证了所产生中频信号的正确性和信号质量.     

星载软件无线电平台及其单粒子效应研究方法

结合国内外研究进展,介绍了软件无线电技术在星载设备中的应用,给出了一种星载软件无线电平台的结构.针对单粒子效应对星载软件无线电平台可靠性影响,提出了一种软件无线电平台对抗单粒子效应的设计与验证方法,并给出了针对该平台中FPGA和DSP的故障注入方法.这种抗单粒子效应的研究方法和故障注入方法代价低、设计灵活,在某卫星星载多用户扩频接收机的可靠性设计过程中得到了验证和实施,使低等级高性能器件在星载信号处理平台中的应用成为可能.      

基于GNSS的高轨卫星定位技术研究

利用全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)进行导航定位具有全球、全天候、实时和高精度的优点,应用于高地球轨道(HEO)卫星的定位,能够提供精确的轨道和姿态确定,并且可以克服目前主要利用地面测控系统对HEO卫星进行定位的设备复杂、投资高等缺点,使得自主导航成为可能.本文对利用GNSS的高轨卫星定位相关技术进行了研究,分析了单一GNSS系统和多个GNSS组合系统的卫星可见性、动态性和几何精度因子(GDOP).通过仿真分析表明,利用组合GNSS系统并通过提高GNSS接收机灵敏度的方法,可以解决GNSS进行HEO卫星定位的相关问题,并能保证HEO卫星定位精度的要求.      

一种地基GNSS接收机差分码偏差估算方法

GNSS不同频点间的码伪距作差会引入信号的差分码偏差(DCB),包括GNSS卫星及地面接收机的DCB.本文提出一种地基GNSS接收机差分码偏差参数估算方法,首先由电离层文件参数作线性插值,计算出电离层延迟误差.之后对IGS站观测文件进行加权最小二乘法估计,得到GPS卫星和地面GNSS接收机的L1C频点和L2P频点间码偏...     

星载GNSS确定GEO卫星轨道的积分滤波方法

采用星载全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）确定地球静止轨道（GEO）,以解决目前应用星载全球定位系统(GPS)时导航卫星可见性差的问题。以风云卫星为例,分析了未来的GNSS相对于GEO卫星的可见性,针对GEO轨道上导航接收机采样间隔较长的问题,综合轨道积分和卡尔曼滤波方法的优点,提出了确定GEO卫星轨道的积分滤波方法。并利用STK软件仿真产生所需数据,用MATLAB对提出的算法编程并进行仿真验证,结果表明,提出的方法性能优越,定轨精度较高。     

基于AHP+FCE的GNSS接收机综合性能评价算法研究

GNSS接收机的性能评价是卫星导航领域的重要研究内容.由于GNSS接收机的测试指标繁多,且关联性较弱,无法准确客观的展现一个接收机的性能优劣,本文研究了对导航型接收机性能的综合评价方法,选择测试指标并建立递阶型测试指标体系,之后综合利用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)和模糊综合...     

GNSS信号模拟器通道群时延标定方法

传统的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)信号模拟器通道群时延标定方法有相位翻转点法和相关峰法两种,两者均在零伪距或固定伪距的特殊仿真场景下进行测量,且在通道传输特性非理想的情况下测得的群时延均存在偏差.提出了基于闭环伪距测量的模拟器通道群时延标定方法,并设计实现了GNSS信号模拟器通道群时延标定系统.首先,采用高速直接射频采样存储系统对模拟器正常星座动态仿真场景下输出的导航信号和秒脉冲(1 PPS)信号同时进行记录.其次,使用软件接收机对信号进行捕获跟踪,利用三次样条插值判定1 PPS上升沿位置作为伪距观测历元时刻,对软件接收机的伪距观测量和模拟器仿真的伪距记录值做数据比对,得到模拟器的群时延标定值.最后,分别利用上述方法对两种商用模拟器的群时延进行了标定,实验结果表明,闭环伪距测量法有效可行,测量不确定度优于0.7 ns.      

卫星数传分系统通用地检测试中频接收机设计

为满足卫星数传分系统测试任务需求，提出一种通用性、灵活性强的地检测试中频接收机设计方案.采用软件无线电设计思想，设计基于PXIe总线的模块化平台，通过FPGA进行硬件实现，符合CCSDS标准.经过工程实践，所提出的地检测试中频接收机方案已应用于工程型号，并成功执行各阶段测试工作.      

Using the Global Navigation Satellite System and satellite altimetry for combined Global Ionosphere Maps

For deriving global maps of the Total Electron Content (TEC) from space geodetic techniques usually observations from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are taken. However, the GNSS stations are inhomogeneously distributed, with large gaps particularly over the sea surface.     

Ionosphere monitoring and inter-frequency bias determination using Galileo: First results and future prospects

We present first results of using the European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Galileo for determining the Total Electron Content (TEC). Furthermore, we describe a calibration technique which can be used to determine GNSS inter-frequency and inter-system biases along with calibrated TEC.     

一种基于GNSS数据的全球电离层不规则结构活动表征方法

针对如何利用GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)数据进行电离层扰动监测的问题,提出了一种基于GNSS数据表征全球电离层扰动的方法.利用大约400个GNSS地面站点的观测数据,计算总电子含量(Total Electron Content,TEC)变化率的标准差——ROTI(Ra...     

一种用于电离层TEC监测的GNSS信号载波跟踪算法

全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）是电离层TEC监测中应用最普遍的手段. 目前方法通常是在传统导航用途的GNSS接收机输出的原始观测量基础上,经过数据后处理得到电离层TEC信息,其GNSS信号的跟踪处理算法依然采用GNSS导航接收机的算法. 针对GNSS系统用于电离层TEC监测的特殊性,提出一种称为GNSS双频信号和差联合跟踪的新算法,与传统方法相比,该算法直接跟踪电离层TEC的变化,可以提高电离层TEC跟踪的灵敏度和TEC的观测精度,改善电离层TEC监测性能.      

The ionosphere,radio navigation,and global navigation satellite systems

This article is a review of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for space scientists who are interested in how GNSS signals and observables can be used to understand ionospheric dynamics and, conversely, how ionospheric dynamics affect the operational capabilities of GNSS receivers. The most common form of GNSS is the Global Positioning System (GPS); we will first review its operating principles and then present a discussion of errors, of which ionospheric propagation is the most significant. Methods and systems for mitigating errors will be introduced, along with a discussion of modernization plans for GPS and for entirely new systems such as Galileo. In the second half of this article the effects of the ionosphere on GPS signals will be examined in more detail, particularly ionospheric propagation, leading to a discussion of the relation of TEC to ranging errors. Next, the subject of scintillations will also be introduced and connected to the presence and scale sizes of irregularities. Scintillations will be examined as spatial and temporal structures. The method of measuring scintillation pattern drift and ionospheric velocity will be discussed. We conclude by examining ionospheric effects on GPS at midlatitudes.     

LEO enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System (LeGNSS) for real-time precise positioning services

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in many geosciences areas with its Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. However, GNSS still has its own bottleneck, such as the long initialization period of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) without dense reference network. Recently, the concept of PNTRC (Positioning, Navigation, Timing, Remote sensing and Communication) has been put forward, where Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are recruited to fulfill diverse missions. In navigation aspect, a number of selected LEO satellites can be equipped with a transmitter to transmit similar navigation signals to ground users, so that they can serve as GNSS satellites but with much faster geometric change to enhance GNSS capability, which is named as LEO constellation enhanced GNSS (LeGNSS). As a result, the initialization time of PPP is expected to be shortened to the level of a few minutes or even seconds depending on the number of the LEO satellites involved. In this article, we simulate all the relevant data from June 8th to 14th, 2014 and investigate the feasibility of LeGNSS with the concentration on the key issues in the whole data processing for providing real-time PPP service based on a system configuration with fourteen satellites of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), twenty-four satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and sixty-six satellites of the Iridium satellite constellations. At the server-end, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and Precise Clock Estimation (PCE) with various operational modes are investigated using simulated observations. It is found out that GNSS POD with partial LEO satellites is the most practical mode of LeGNSS operation. At the user-end, the Geometry Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) and Signal-In-Space Ranging Error (SISRE) are calculated and assessed for different positioning schemes in order to demonstrate the performance of LeGNSS. Centimeter level SISRE can be achieved for LeGNSS.     

基于LabWindows/CVI的IGS实时数据自动下载软件开发

随着全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的日益发展,国际GNSS服务组织（IGS）所产生的各项数据以及产品日趋精确,应用也非常广泛。本文基于Labwindows/CVI开发平台,设计了从IGS的FTP服务器下载实时数据或产品的自动运行软件。该软件目前运行稳定、可靠,可以为IGS数据或产品的使用者提供自动化服务。     

一种自适应GNSS弱信号载噪比估计方法

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）信号的载噪比（CNR）是衡量接收机工作性能的一个重要参数。为了准确得到载噪比估计值,推导并分析了2种常用的GNSS信号载噪比估计方法（方差求和法（VSM）、窄带宽带功率比值法（PRM））,并同时提出一种基于渐消因子容积卡尔曼滤波的自适应载噪比估计方法,比较了3种方法在通常的信号环境下和弱信号环境下的载噪比估计能力。结果显示:在信号较弱环境或信号受到遮挡产生突变等情况时,VSM方法与PRM方法均会产生较大的误差,而自适应载噪比估计方法能准确估计出信号的载噪比。      

Stochastic modelling considering ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS relative and point positioning

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), have been widely used for high accuracy geodetic positioning. The Least Squares functional models related to the GNSS observables have been more extensively studied than the corresponding stochastic models, given that the development of the latter is significantly more complex. As a result, a simplified stochastic model is often used in GNSS positioning, which assumes that all the GNSS observables are statistically independent and of the same quality, i.e. a similar variance is assigned indiscriminately to all of the measurements. However, the definition of the stochastic model may be approached from a more detailed perspective, considering specific effects affecting each observable individually, as for example the effects of ionospheric scintillation. These effects relate to phase and amplitude fluctuations in the satellites signals that occur due to diffraction on electron density irregularities in the ionosphere and are particularly relevant at equatorial and high latitude regions, especially during periods of high solar activity. As a consequence, degraded measurement quality and poorer positioning accuracy may result.     

Monitoring atomic clocks on board GNSS satellites

A method for monitoring atomic clocks on board Global Navigation Satellites System (GNSS) satellites is described to address the issue of clock related signal integrity in safety–critical applications of GNSS. The carrier-phase time transfer is employed in the clock monitoring method which enables tight tracking of the satellite onboard clocks and thus improves detectability of clock anomalies. Detecting onboard clock anomalies requires the ability to monitor clocks in real time, and a Kalman filter can then be utilized to estimate the phase offsets between the satellite clocks and ground clocks. This study, using the difference between the measured and predicted phase offset as a test statistic, sets a threshold for clock anomalies based on the prediction interval approach. Finally the validity of the monitoring method is examined by processing a set of real GNSS data that includes two recent incidents of clock anomalies in GNSS satellites.