国外标准化促进科技成果转化现状及其启示

通过研究国外标准化促进科技成果转化现状,分析其特征并总结经验启示,提出从强化顶层设计、深化科研管理、健全教育人才体系出发,不断完善标准化促进科技成果转化机制,提升我国科技成果转化整体效能。     

美国国防部标准化战略计划及其实施细则介绍

概述了美国国防部标准化战略计划的总目标、总任务和宏图以及六项重点目标 ,并对每项目标的工作内容及关键步骤等实施细则作了详细的介绍。     

发达国家标准化战略的八大新举措

从参与国际标准化、争夺国际标准主动权、标准化经费市场化运作和重视国际标准化人才培养等方面阐述世界发达国家纷纷加强标准化发展战略的研究、制定标准化发展战略与相关政策的一些新特征和新举措。     

浅谈标准化人才的培养及发展战略

概述了在未来高科技发展中人才是主要的竞争点,分析了我国标准化人才的现状、应有的知识结构和具备的条件,探讨了标准化人才的发展战略,提出了人才的开发、培训与管理的建议。     

高新技术标准化现状及发展战略研究(三)——高新技术标准化发展战略

结合高新技术的特点 ,分析了我国应在信息业、制造业以及能源、航空航天、农业生物和医药生物等领域加强高新技术标准化研究的必要性与可行性 ,针对目前我们在高新技术标准化方面存在的问题 ,建议改革和改进 1 2个方面的工作 ,同时提出了高新技术标准化的发展目标与战略     

实施标准化战略 提高航天产品批生产水平

阐述标准化在航天企业发展中的地位与作用,介绍航天产品批生产中的几项标准化工作,并结合航天企业实际,提出实施标准化战略中应考虑的几个问题.     

美国生命教育经验及对我国生命教育的启示

生命教育从上世纪六十年代在西方起步,经过几十年的努力和发展,欧洲国家尤其是美国的生命教育举措在培养青少年良好的生命价值观方面取得了一定的成绩,并积累了丰富的经验,本文总结了美国的成功经验,从而提出了构建以政府为主导的四位一体生命教育模式。     

美国的标准化简况

简介了美国的标准化系统及其实施标准采用自愿体制的原则、美国国家标准协会(ANSI)的组织机构及其在国内、国际标准化活动中的作用及美国的采标工作与产品检验和认证工作简况,分析了美国标准化工作存在的问题。     

关于企业标准化工作发展的几点想法

结合赴加拿大考察和标准化培训学习的体会,提出了企业标准化管理应在简化、规范化和深化等方面下功夫,并受加拿大企业标准化管理模式的启发,对提高我国企业标准化管理水平提出了改进措施。     

美国、日本、韩国及欧盟的合格评定

合格评定是一个国家或地区为保证本国或本地区产品质量和使用安全，面对企业市场准入的一种监控手段。在经济全球化发展的大趋势面前，我们面临新机遇和挑战．为提高企业的竞争优势，建立并适应国外合格评定制度是非常必要的。本文综述美国、日本、韩国及欧盟合格评定制度的基本情况。     

国外一次性运载火箭改进计划及其对我国的启迪

引言近年来航天技术的发展十分迅速，越来越多的军用和民用任务正在向空间转移。航天运载能力涉及到一个国家自主进入空间的能力，是保持空间优势的核心能力之一，因而一直受到各航天国家的重视。美国在《空军２０２５年计划》中称：“航天运载器是美国空间优势核心能力的关键支柱，航天运载能力的丧失将会对美国的空间优势造成毁灭性的影响。”《美国航天司令部长期规划——２０２０年设想》中则有这样的表述：“控制空间首先要确保进入空间。进入空间必须做到灵活、廉价和按需到达，以部署、重构、补充、更新、扩充和维护空间体系。”由于…     

The European Union draft Code of Conduct for outer space activities: An appraisal

The European Union draft Code of Conduct for outer space activities is one of the primary international initiatives, that are currently active, to enhance the safety, security and sustainability of outer space activities. Although the spirit underlying the instrument is commonly shared by space-faring countries, substantial disagreement exists among States as to some of its core provisions. This article proposes that the Code of Conduct should make a clear distinction between commercial activities and military activities, and adopt more balanced measures on the restriction of military activities in outer space.     

“高分二号”卫星高分辨率相机技术创新及启示

文章介绍了"高分二号"(GF-2)卫星高分辨率相机的主要参数和特点,并将其主要性能参数与国际上同类相机进行了对比;介绍了GF-2卫星在相机总体方案、星地一体化、隔离微振、精密热控等方面的技术创新;通过全链路分析和仿真等技术手段,将?F/P=1设计理念与调制传递函数补偿技术结合起来,实现了相机的轻小型化,图像品质满足用户的要求。最后,文章给出了从GF-2卫星相机研制中得到的启示。     

欧洲、日本和俄罗斯先进可复用运载器的技术进展

可重复使用的运载器是降低航天运输成本、提高运载能力和发射频度的必由之路，因此受到航天发达国家和地区的重视。美国在可复用运载器方面的研究开发活动起步早，项目多，投资高，并已研制出了可部分重复使用的航天飞机。与此同时，其它航天发达国家和地区着眼于未来航天运输的需求，也在开展各种技术准备工作。本文对欧洲、日本和俄罗斯在可复用运载器方面的技术进展情况进行了综述。     

Asia in space: The awakening of China and Japan

The increasingly important role of China and Japan in international space activities can be seen as a threat to the two great space-exporting powers, the USA and Europe. China is already a competitor on the satellite launch market, and will soon be able to market satellites which are simpler and cheaper than those offered by Western industry. Japan is making steady progress towards autonomy in all fields of space technology. This article details the space experience of China and Japan. They are following different paths but both will have a strong presence in the cosmos by the year 2000.     

Outlook of possible European contributions to future exploration scenarios and architectures

Building upon the important experience acquired with the development of the International Space Station, the major spacefaring countries are working within the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) at the definition of a coordinated framework for expanding the human presence beyond the Low Earth Orbit, the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER). The GER defines a long-range strategy for global exploration and include three major elements.

• •Common goals of ISECG participating agencies for space exploration.
• •Notional mission scenarios which are technically feasible and programmatically implementable. Two mission scenarios were defined in the 1st iteration of the GER: the “Asteroid Next” and the “Moon Next” mission scenarios.
• •Identification of near-term opportunities for coordination and cooperation related to e.g. the development of technologies, the implementation of robotic missions to destination of interest for closing strategic knowledge gaps which need to be addressed prior to human missions as well as the utilization of ISS for demonstration of exploration enabling capabilities.

In 2009 two studies have been awarded by ESA to Industrial Teams led by Thales Alenia Space—Italy and by Astrium—Germany to define, analyze and assess optional European scenarios for future human spaceflight and exploration activities, and to derive the required capabilities for the investigated timeframe until the year 2033. Work on the European scenarios has been aligned with and informed by the international work on the GER.A conceptual design of different Building Block Elements, representing critical contributions to international Design Reference Missions (DRM's) included in the ISECG GER, has been performed and analyzed with respect to programmatic risks, budgets and required technologies. Key driving requirements for the analyzed Building Block elements have been derived from the international DRM's included in the GER.The interim outcomes of the human exploration scenario study will be presented, identifying opportunities for European Contributions to an international exploration undertaking.     

The changing face of the European space sector: the policies of Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom

The current international economic and technical climate has caused changes in the European space sector such that Italy is now struggling to maintain third place in the European hierarchy, the Franco-German relationship has become less dominant, while the UK is becoming more open towards European cooperation. This article analyses the current policies of Germany, the UK and Italy and examines their operating methods. The author speculates on the outlook for these countries in the next 10 years: neither the UK, nor Italy looks set to become a major player and German policy will depend on the success of its upcoming strategic plan. All these countries, and France, however, will need to engage in intensive bilateral consultations if they wish to compete in worldwide markets.     

The role of Venesat-1 satellite in promoting development in Venezuela and Latin America

Built in cooperation with China, at the end of 2008 the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela launched its first telecommunications satellite which operates in C, Ku and Ka bands. Using published and unpublished information, this report describes the potential role of the Venesat-1 satellite in promoting development in Venezuela and Latin America. The core of Venezuelan space policy has deep social roots and includes several applications in order to provide telecommunications services to people in all areas of the country. Potential roles of the Venezuelan Satellite in local and regional development include: strengthening environmental tele-education and telemedicine programs; improving disaster management through short-term development of broad networks to monitor environmental and meteorological features; coordination of emergency responses and humanitarian assistance using data and satellite communications; poverty reduction; and biodiversity conservation – communication networks could also be used to relay information about detected fires within protected areas faster, and to improve surveillance activities within them with in order to reduce illegal hunting, logging, habitat loss and fragmentation. Because the area covered by the satellite goes beyond Venezuela’s borders, its applications could have enormous relevance for human development at the regional level; they could be fundamental tools for bringing sustainable development into Latin America, by building capacity and increasing awareness among decision makers and lay people.