Direct Detection of Dark Matter WIMPs

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, so-called WIMPs, are possible candidates for the dark matter in the universe. We discuss the search for WIMPs with earth bound detectors. The latest results in this field of research and future developments are presented.     

Dark Matter Searches

According to our present knowledge the matter/energy budget of the universe consists of 74% dark energy, 22% dark matter and 4% ordinary (or so-called baryonic) matter. While the dark energy cannot be detected directly, searches for dark matter are performed with earth-bound and space-borne detection devices, assuming that the dark matter consists of weakly interacting massive particles, the so-called WIMPs. An overview of the present experimental situation is given.     

Baryonic Matter and Dark Energy

Estimates of the baryonic density of the universe can be obtained applicable to different epochs of the cosmic history. Ancient values are in satisfactory agreement with each others. However, there seems to be a deficit in the contemporary universe. One aim of this meeting was an exploration of the various sites where these baryons could possibly hide. In the second part of this talk, the status of the recently discovered `dark energy' and its possible influence in the far future of the universe are briefly discussed.     

Clouds and Diffuse Baryonic Dark Matter

The nature of the dark matter in the halo of our galaxy is still largely unknown. The microlensing events found so far towards the Large Magellanic Cloud suggest that at most about 20% of the halo dark matter is in form of MACHOs (Massive Astrophysical Compact Halo Objects). The dark matter could also, at least partially, be made of cold molecular clouds (mainly H₂). We proposed a model for baryonic dark matter, according to which dark clusters of brown dwarfs and cold self-gravitating H₂ clouds populate the outer galactic halo. A signature would be a diffuse -ray emission from the galactic halo. Basically, cosmic-ray protons in the galactic halo scatter on the clouds clumped into dark clusters, giving rise to a -ray flux. An analysis of EGRET data has led to the discovery of a statistically significant diffuse -ray emission from the galactic halo, which turns out to be in remarkably good agreement with our prediction.     

Halo White Dwarfs and Baryonic Dark Matter

We describe the formation of hot intergalactic gas along with baryonic remnants in galaxy halos. In this scenario, the mass and metallicity of the hot intracluster and intragroup gas relates directly to the production of baryonic remnants during the collapse of galactic halos. We construct a schematic but self-consistent model in which early bursts of star formation lead to a large remnant population in the halo, and to the outflow of stellar ejecta into the halo and ultimately the Local Group. We consider local as well as high redshift constraints on this scenario. This study suggests that the microlensing objects in the Galactic halo may predominantly be 0.5M white dwarfs, assuming that the initial mass function for early star formation favored the formation of intermediate mass stars with m 1M. However, the bulk of the baryonic dark matter in this scenario is associated with the ejecta of the white dwarf progenitors, and resides in the hot intergalactic medium.     

Extraterrestrial Organic Matter and the Detection of Life

A fundamental goal of a number of forthcoming space missions is the detection and characterization of organic matter on planetary surfaces. Successful interpretation of data generated by in situ experiments will require discrimination between abiogenic and biogenic organic compounds. Carbon-rich meteorites provide scientists with examples of authentic extraterrestrial organic matter generated in the absence of life. Outcomes of meteorite studies include clues to protocols that will enable the unequivocal identification of organic matter derived from life. In this chapter we summarize the diagnostic abiogenic features of key compound classes involved in life detection and discuss their implications for analytical instruments destined to fly on future spacecraft missions.     

Observational and Theoretical Aspects of Processes Other Than Merging and Diffusion Governing Plasma Transport Across The Magnetopause

Space Science Reviews - The magnetopause and its inner contact region with the magnetosphere, the magnetosphere boundary layer, constitute the interface between the shocked solar wind plasma and...     

Aspects of neutrino astronomy

A broad overview of the current status of experimental neutrino astronomy is presented. Particular emphasis is given to the major recent developments that have occurred during the last few years. It is concluded that these developments and the next generation of experiments currently being installed signifies the coming of age of neutrino astronomy.     

旋翼机总体设计的几个问题

结合自转旋翼特性及旋翼机设计的独特性,在直升机空气动力学和飞行动力学原理的基础上修改并建立了计算模型,解决了旋翼机气动布局、总体参数及旋翼设计等方面的难题.     

CIMT2013五大看点

CIMT2013(第十三届中国国际机床展览会)将于2013年4月22~27日在北京隆重举行。来自28个国家和地区的包括世界机床制造业百强企业在内的1500余家机床工具参展商,千台以上数控机床精品,数万件相关展品以及全球机床制造技术的最新发展成果将齐聚一堂,在CIMT创纪录的12.6万m2面积上同台展示,竞相亮相。展会规模之大、展商之踊跃、展品之丰富精彩、展品科技含量之高,包括论坛、技术交流、咨询和服务等各项配套活动之齐全周到,将使本届展会成为又一次世界机床制造业的盛会。现将本届展会的看点从5个方面加以归纳概括,供广大参观者参考。     

Matter streams in Algol-like systems

Simulations of the Algol-like binary CX Draconis, combined with IUE observations of the stream of material escaping the system can place limits on the inclination of the system and give estimates, via line profile synthesis, of the mass-loss rate at the L1 point.     

浓墨之伦敦第一届世博会

19世纪前半叶,欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行,科学技术的飞速发展,使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。在英国,自维多利亚女王登基后,当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作,英国已成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。     

Quintessence – the Dark Energy in the Universe?

Quintessence – the energy density of a slowly evolving scalar field – may constitute a dynamical form of the homogeneous dark energy in the universe. We review the basic idea and indicate observational tests which may distinguish quintessence from a cosmological constant.     

ESA再入探测器的某些空气热动力问题

给出了两种不同的再入飞行器:充气的再入和下滑演示器(IRDT)和Huygens.两者的任务都涉及在靠近轨道的条件下再入并均已于2005年完成.概述了IRDT的使命和具体设计问题,综述了IRDT最近飞行的初步结果和ESTEC估计Huygens受到的辐射通量采用的方法.     

Certain System Aspects of the Double-Sided Cyclo-Converter

A philosophy for the improvement of the extraction of controlled dc power from a polyphase ac supply line is presented. Extension of this philosophy for the interface of synchronous polyphase networks is briefly indicated. The needed kilovolt-ampere capacity of the supply line is reduced to nearly two thirds of the capacity needed for conventional controlled ac/dc converter systems. The new system requires only a small fraction of the physical weight of conventional converters. The improvements are derived from the interposition of a modulated high-power frequency carrier between the linked systems for the purpose of reconciliation of their conflicting characteristics. The harmonic content of the ac-phase currents is greatly reduced. The system operates with internal frequencies near 10 kHz; efficiencies in the upper nineties have been attained with this type of converter.     

Compressible Aspects of Slow Solar Wind Formation

Recently we have shown how the slow solar wind can be formed within a coronal helmet streamer. The solar wind is modeled by a "wake-neutral" sheet, whose subsequent linear and nonlinear evolution provides clues to the development of the wind. In this paper we describe the first results of our extension of this model to the compressible regime. In particular, we show that traveling density enhancements are formed, similar to those observed by LASCO. The compressible equations are solved by an extension to MHD of the SPECLS algorithm. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

以本机为中心的全向攻击

机载火控技术和导弹技术的发展,使得全向攻击的概念正在从以目标为中心的全向攻击向以本机为中心的全向攻击发展。     

Observed Aspects of Reconnection in Solar Eruptions

The observed magnetic field configuration and signatures of reconnection in the large solar magnetic eruptions that make major flares and coronal mass ejections and in the much smaller magnetic eruptions that make X-ray jets are illustrated with cartoons and representative observed eruptions. The main reconnection signatures considered are the imaged bright emission from the heated plasma on reconnected field lines. In any of these eruptions, large or small, the magnetic field that drives the eruption and/or that drives the buildup to the eruption is initially a closed bipolar arcade. From the form and configuration of the magnetic field in and around the driving arcade and from the development of the reconnection signatures in coordination with the eruption, we infer that (1) at the onset of reconnection the reconnection current sheet is small compared to the driving arcade, and (2) the current sheet can grow to the size of the driving arcade only after reconnection starts and the unleashed erupting field dynamically forces the current sheet to grow much larger, building it up faster than the reconnection can tear it down. We conjecture that the fundamental reason the quasi-static pre-eruption field is prohibited from having a large current sheet is that the magnetic pressure is much greater than the plasma pressure in the chromosphere and low corona in eruptive solar magnetic fields.