LTO循环中RQL-TVC排放性能数值模拟

为了掌握采用富油-淬熄-贫油低排放燃烧技术的驻涡燃烧室(RQL-TVC)在起飞-着陆(LTO)循环各状态中的排放特性,采用数值模拟的方法开展了研究。数值模拟结果表明:在LTO循环中,RQL驻涡燃烧室的氮氧化物(NOx)与未燃碳氢化合物(UHC)的排放指数EI均低于传统燃烧室的;但一氧化碳(CO)的EI偏大。RQL-TVC的NOx的LTO排放数少,是国际民航组织颁布的航空发动机排放标准CAEP6的29.1%;UHC的LTO排放数接近于0;CO的LTO排放数在慢车状态下的数值明显高于其它状态下的。RQL-TVC具有良好的低排放潜力。     

RQL工作模式下驻涡燃烧室排放性能的试验研究

针对使用液态燃料（航空煤油）的RQL（Rich-burn Quick-quench Lean-burn）工作模式驻涡燃烧室排放性能开展了系统的试验研究,分析总结了驻涡区余气系数、进口空气流量和进口空气温度等参数影响RQL工作模式驻涡燃烧室排放性能的变化规律。结果表明：驻涡区余气系数增大（α=0.6～1.5）,CO、UHC体积分数升高,NOx体积分数降低;随着进口空气流量增大（Wa=0.4～0.6kg/s）,CO、UHC、NOx体积分数均升高;随着进口空气温度升高（283K～473K）,CO和UHC体积分数降低,NOx体积分数升高.     

采用钝体式孔板淬熄的富油-淬熄-贫油驻涡燃烧室排放性能试验研究

设计研制了采用钝体式孔板淬熄装置进行淬熄作用的富油-淬熄-贫油(Rich-quenchlean,RQL)驻涡燃烧室(Trapped-vortex Combustor,TVC)模型和试验系统,实现了富油燃烧-快速淬熄-贫油燃烧的分级燃烧。在常压状态下采用RP3航空煤油作为燃料开展了排放试验研究,分析并总结了当量比(包含总当量比和富油区当量比)、进口速度(马赫数)和进口温度等参数对采用钝体式孔板淬熄的RQL-TVC排放性能的影响。研究结果表明:不同进口温度或进口马赫数条件下,随着当量比的增大,氮氧化物(NOx)的排放指数(Emission Index,EI)呈现出先急剧升高,然后急剧下降并趋于平缓的趋势,在富油燃烧区当量比为1.1左右达到峰值,一氧化碳(CO)的EI值先保持平稳而后急剧下降,未燃碳氢化合物(UHC)的EI值呈现连续降低的趋势,燃烧效率持续增大,燃烧效率均高于95%,最大值达99%以上;进口温度较高或进口马赫数较小时,UHC和CO的EI值均较小,燃烧效率较高,而NOx的EI值较大,反之亦然。     

富油燃烧/快速淬熄/贫油燃烧(RQL)工作模式下驻涡燃烧室排放性能试验

针对使用液态燃料(航空煤油)的富油燃烧/快速淬熄/贫油燃烧(RQL)工作模式驻涡燃烧室排放性能开展了系统的试验研究,分析总结了驻涡区余气系数、进口空气流量和进口空气温度等参数影响RQL工作模式驻涡燃烧室排放性能的变化规律.结果表明:随着驻涡区余气系数增大(a=0.61～1.53),CO和UHC(未燃碳氢化合物)体积分数...     

贫油预混预蒸发燃烧室排放试验研究

提出一种采用直接喷射和部分预混预蒸发(DIPME)混合燃烧技术的中心分级燃烧室,这种DIPME燃烧室具有低工况稳定燃烧,高工况低NOx排放的特征。对采用该燃烧技术的单头部DIPME燃烧室进行LTO循环4个工况(慢车、返场、爬升和起飞)试验研究。研究结果表明:除慢车工况的燃烧效率接近0.99外,其余工况的燃烧效率均大于0.995;在LTO循环内DIPME燃烧室的CO,UHC和NOx排放均满足CAEP/6排放标准,其中NOx比CAEP/6低60.8%;同采用富油燃烧技术的燃烧室相比,采用该技术的DIPME燃烧室在降低CO和UHC排放上并没有什么优势,但在降低NOx排放上潜力巨大。     

旋流器气量分配对全环燃烧室排放的影响

为研究一、二级旋流器气量分配对燃烧室排放性能的影响，在总气量恒定条件下，针对配装气量比分别为0.85和1.1两种方案双级轴向旋流器的全环燃烧室开展了地面慢车、空中慢车和起飞状态下的排放试验。结果表明：气量比从0.85增加到1.1，空中慢车和起飞状态氮氧化物（NOx）排放分别降低33%～52%和14%～38%，地面慢车状态CO和未燃碳氢（UHC）排放分别降低23%～49%和32%～36%。地面慢车状态两方案旋流器对应的NOx排放差异不大，且排放值均较低。CO和UHC排放主要集中在地面慢车状态，随着状态增大，CO和UHC排放量逐渐降低，且空中慢车和起飞状态对应的CO和UHC排放量差异不大。在本文试验范围内，全环燃烧室CO排放指数随着NOx排放指数的增加呈现幂函数下降，随着UHC排放指数的增加呈现对数上升。     

富油/焠熄/贫油(RQL)燃烧室燃烧和排放特性的实验研究

针对燃气轮机低排放燃烧室的研究,设计了以甲烷为燃料采用预混燃烧的富油/焠熄/贫油(RQL)模型燃烧室。通过对RQL模型燃烧室内轴向温度和组分浓度分布,燃烧室出口温度分布及排放进行实验研究,分析了焠熄与主流空气流量之比,富油区当量比对燃烧性能和排放特性的影响规律。结果表明:典型RQL燃烧方式下富油区火焰颜色较暗,贫油区火焰为淡蓝色,燃烧室内轴线方向温度呈M型分布,NO_x主要在焠熄区生成。CO,UHC和O_2浓度在经历焠熄区时发生突变;出口NO_x和CO排放都较低。保持头部当量比不变,随着焠熄与主流空气流量比的增加,燃烧室出口平均温度下降,NO_x排放下降,CO排放上升。保持焠熄与主流空气流量比不变,富油区当量比小于1.4时,不能再实现RQL燃烧模式。     

主燃级基于旋流直射式喷嘴的超低排放燃烧室实验研究

为了实现航空发动机超低NO_x超低排放的目标，本文提出贫油预混预蒸发低排放燃烧室主燃级采用旋流直射式喷嘴技术，达到主燃级燃油和空气强化混合的效果，获得良好均匀性的油气混合物进行燃烧。在单头部燃烧室试验件上实验研究了LTO循环4个工况(慢车、进场、爬升和起飞)的燃烧性能和污染排放性能。研究结果表明：除慢车工况的燃烧效率接近0.99外，其余工况的燃烧效率均大于0.995；在LTO循环内，CO,UHC和NO_x排放均比CAEP/6排放标准降低50%以上，且NO_x比CAEP/6低72.5%，达到了超低排放的目标；同时与其他各型低排放燃烧室相比，起飞工况、爬升工况的NO_x排放在LTO循环中的占比均有较大幅度的降低。     

RQL燃烧室污染物排放的数值研究

针对RQL模型燃烧室中不同的操作条件对污染物排放特性的的影响进行了数值模拟。当量比从1到1.2,富油区不能有效抑制出口NOX的生成;当量比1.5以上会使贫油区油气比过高从而使NOX浓度升高。对于给定当量比1.4时,当适当增大淬熄射流流量能够有效的降低NOX、Soot、CO的出口浓度;过多的增加,NOX、Soot、CO的出口浓度会再次升高。     

某航空发动机环形燃烧室CO和UHC的数值计算

采用FLUENT软件对某型航空发动机燃烧室在最大和地面慢车状态进行三维、两相、湍流燃烧模拟,计算了CO和UHC的生成,获得了温度场、速度场和浓度场的数值。CO和UHC主要在低工况下生成,但油气比对污染物排放影响较大。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.