Planck-LFI 44 GHz back end module

This work describes the principle of operation, assembly and performance of one branch of the 44 GHz back end module (BEM) for the Planck low frequency instrument (LFI). This subsystem constitutes a fully representative branch of the qualification-model version (QM). It includes waveguide to microstrip transition, GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) low noise amplifiers (LNA), bandpass filter, square-law detector and dc amplifier. The fundamentals of the design of the RF part are described and all of the components have been tested individually before integration. Using single tone and wideband noise stimuli, the output voltage has been measured for several input powers, in order to obtain the sensitivity factor of the complete BEM. The effective bandwidth and the equivalent noise temperature have been calculated from the measurements, taking into account the frequency dependence on the noise source and the BEM. Finally, the low frequency output power spectrum has been obtained and a maximum 1/f knee frequency around 200 Hz has been measured with a 3 dB output signal video bandwidth above 50 KHz.     

Experimental Aspects of Mid-Frequency Pulsations (f≈10–100 mHz) in the Southern Polar Cap

We review the results obtained in the frequency range of Pc3 (22-100 mHz) and Pc4 (7-22 mHz) pulsations at Italian Antarctic stations in the southern polar cap (“Mario Zucchelli”, at Terra Nova Bay, TNB, 80^˚.S; “Concordia”, the Italian/French base at Dome C, DMC, 89^˚.S). The absence of a midnight enhancement in the pulsation power suggests a negligible substorm influence at extreme latitudes, while the sharp noon enhancement, which appears only at TNB, is determined by the closer proximity of the station to cusp related phenomena. The relationship between the frequency of the band-limited signals and the interplanetary magnetic field strength, the cone angle influence, and the higher correlation of the Pc3 power with the solar wind speed in the morning hours suggest a global scenario in which upstream waves would be mainly responsible for the mid-frequency activity in the polar cap. However, the polarization pattern is odd with respect to the predictions for tailward propagating modes.     

吸波涂层缺陷的锁相法红外检测

利用有限元仿真和试验研究相结合的方法,对方形和圆形模拟缺陷的吸波涂层试件开展检测研 究。从而探索红外锁相热波技术检测吸波涂层内部缺陷的参数范围和检测能力。研究结果表明,通过有限元 仿真分析为检测试验提供理论依据,使用5 ~10 mHz 调制频率的锁相法可有效检测到3 mm×3 mm 面积当量的 缺陷,缺陷处的相位比无缺陷处的相位滞后,并且缺陷面积越大,相位滞后越大。     

ABPSK解调中估频校频原理及实现

在ABPSK接收采用差分解调时，不可避免地存在频差，严重影响了解调器的性能。论述了估频、校频的原理．提供了利用TMS320C25实现估频（粗估）的流程图，并以600bps的T信道为例详细分析了估频、校频的性能。     

单片机控制的一种新型高速数据采集方法

本文提出了一种实用的新型高速数据采集的实现方案,可实现采样速度从10MH_z～20MH_z的数据采集,由单片机实现控制管理,A/D转换器件用最普通的AD0809,利用某些信号具有重复性的特点,用硬件搭出高速部分,分时地对信号进行采样,从而实现对整个信号的采集。     

扫描器运动多参数测试技术研究

新型图像扫描器具有较高的响应频率，可以实现高速扫描。在研究扫描器运动参数分离的基础上，利用对称放置的半导体位置探测器建立了扫描器的多运动参数测试系统，提出了光电二维位置传感器的非线性修正和补充方法，实现了四路模拟信号的DMA传送，提高了测试的速度和精度，实现扫描器在高频运动时的多运动参数测试。     

大气吸气模式激光推进的实验研究

激光推进是一种新概念推进技术,在未来航天事业中将有重要的应用前景。利用高重复频率高功率TEA-CO₂脉冲激光器进行了抛物形飞行器的水平和垂直激光推进实验,实现了大气模式的激光垂直推进,飞行高度超过了1m。实验测定了多种工作状况下光脉冲能量转变为飞行器动量的推进效能,测得的光能－冲量耦合系数C_m达到27.7dyne·s/J,与国外文献报道相当。     

多级轴流压气机不同工况下失速／喘振试验研究

通过试验的形式，开展了多级轴流压气机在静叶优化角度及中间级引气情况下的失速／喘振试验研究。采用高精度、高频响的动态压力传感器，高速同步采集板、快速A／D采集板和高速处理机相结合，借助于频谱分析的方法来找出失速／喘振频率，并且找出对应该频率的各通道之间的相位差，分析出失速／喘振首发级。利用DASP6．61数据大容量自动采集与信号处理系统对喘振信号进行数学处理。试验结果表明：测量手段及数学处理模型是可行的。在压气机静叶优化条件下，不同的引气量对失速／喘振有影响。     

研究转子内流动的大尺寸轴流压气机实验装置和动态测量技术

本文在评述国外同类技术的基础上,介绍近年研制成的,以研究转子内流动为主要对象的低速大尺寸轴流压气机实验装置和动态测量技术,包括实验台、旋转四坐标全电动探针位移机构、并行多通道高速数据采集器、高频压力探针及一整套高频压力探针、热丝和激光多普勒动态测量技术,列举了典型的转子内和转子进、出口复杂流场测量结果。      

SAR resolution in the presence of phase errors

The author analyzes the effects of phase errors on synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The theory is applied to the following question: how does the achievable resolution vary with the carrier frequency when optimum quadratic focus and/or optimum processing interval (synthetic aperture length) are used? Numerous related results are given, so that much of the material is tutorial. For phase errors corresponding to uncompensated motion, the best achievable RMS resolution with any phase error spectrum satisfies the derived equation. For motion-induced phase errors it is seen that resolution improves with increasing carrier frequency when the first term in the expression applies (e.g. for phase errors concentrated at low frequencies) and resolution is independent of carrier frequency when R δ/v/v is the smaller term (e.g. with broad band or high frequency phase errors)     

New Control Technique in dc/dc Regulators for Space Applications

A new type of control loop is presented for dc/dc regulators, based on the use of a linear analog to pulsewidth modulator. This function, which is independent of operating frequency, permits high sampling frequencies. Combined with a limiter of the analog input, limitation characteristics are automatically available, without any extra sensing on the hot line. The independence of parameters f0 and ?1 is demonstrated, and application of the loop to control the regulator output characteristics is shown. This flexibility finds useful applications in high-power systems (1 kW) by permitting parallel unit operations and utilization of modular units.     

DS/FH混合扩频测速技术研究

由于DS/FH混合扩频信号带宽较宽,传输信道难以保证信号在宽带条件下线性传输,信号会发生群时延畸变,导致载波相位不再连续,影响载波的稳定跟踪,从而使测速精度降低。本文提出了基于跳频图案同步辅助的鉴频方案,可以消除相位跳变对载波跟踪的影响,实现对扩跳信号载波的稳定跟踪,从而提高DS/FH混合扩频测速的精度。     

航空移动通信中OFDM信道估计方法的研究

 正交频分复用（OFDM）由于其自身的技术优势使其在未来的航空移动通信中将占有重要地位，但航空移动通信中时变的信道环境和多普勒频移造成的严重的子载波之间干扰（ICI），使OFDM在航空移动通信中应用面临着困难。本文在建立航空移动通信通用信道模型的基础上，分析了ICI和噪声对信道估计的干扰机制，采用低通滤波和线性插值的方式对最小平方信道估计方法（LS）加以改进，抑制了ICI和信道噪声对LS〖JP2〗的干扰。经过仿真证明，该方法实现简单，精度高，抗ICI干扰和噪声能力强，满足了移动速度高达1 500 km/h的航空通信的要求。     

On the Detectability and Use of Normal Modes for Determining Interior Structure of Mars

The InSight mission to Mars is well underway and will be the first mission to acquire seismic data from a planet other than Earth. In order to maximise the science return of the InSight data, a multifaceted approach will be needed that seeks to investigate the seismic data from a series of different frequency windows, including body waves, surface waves, and normal modes. Here, we present a methodology based on globally-averaged models that employs the long-period information encoded in the seismic data by looking for fundamental-mode spheroidal oscillations. From a preliminary analysis of the expected signal-to-noise ratio, we find that normal modes should be detectable during nighttime in the frequency range 5–15 mHz. For improved picking of (fundamental) normal modes, we show first that those are equally spaced between 5–15 mHz and then show how this spectral spacing, obtained through autocorrelation of the Fourier-transformed time series can be further employed to select normal mode peaks more consistently. Based on this set of normal-mode spectral frequencies, we proceed to show how this data set can be inverted for globally-averaged models of interior structure (to a depth of \(\sim 250~\mbox{km}\)), while simultaneously using the resultant synthetically-approximated normal mode peaks to verify the initial peak selection. This procedure can be applied iteratively to produce a “cleaned-up” set of spectral peaks that are ultimately inverted for a “final” interior-structure model. To investigate the effect of three-dimensional (3D) structure on normal mode spectra, we constructed a 3D model of Mars that includes variations in surface and Moho topography and lateral variations in mantle structure and employed this model to compute full 3D waveforms. The resultant time series are converted to spectra and the inter-station variation hereof is compared to the variation in spectra computed using different 1D models. The comparison shows that 3D effects are less significant than the variation incurred by the difference in radial models, which suggests that our 1D approach represents an adequate approximation of the global average structure of Mars.     

流场不均匀对液体火箭发动机纵向振荡燃烧影响及控制

针对常温推进剂发动机推力室再生冷却和撞击式喷注器结构,分析了推力室身部与喷注器对接部位的流场特性,对流场均匀性进行了实验测量。结果表明：推力室身部再生冷却通道出口压力存在约0.15 MPa周向不均匀。身部出口节流显著提高局部流速,使喷注器面氧化剂湍流度和不均匀性增加,进而改变燃烧特性。通过撞击喷注单元雾化试验,获得了18 m/s的推进剂入口边界流速。基于喷注器流场均匀性,提出控制推进剂流速,降低不均匀性,进而抑制纵向高频燃烧不稳定性的控制方法。发动机热试结果表明,采用（15±1） m/s的推进剂入口流速,控制方法抑制了纵向高频燃烧不稳定性。     

多变量飞控系统的稳定裕度分析

根据系统回差阵最小奇异值及通用相角－幅值裕度估算图,给出了在系统的输入和输出端所有通道的相角和幅值同时变化时系统的稳定裕度,它不仅可作为评价不同控制律鲁棒性优劣的指标之一,也是对古典单通道量测ＭＩＭＯ系统稳定裕度的补充。同时为了克服所得结果的保守性,采用了两种改进方法,并对某型飞机的侧向运动系统进行了稳定裕度的分析、比较。     

分布式数字相控阵通道一致性校准方法

基于分布式数字相控阵通道一致性校准需求,提出了一种新的有效解决方法。首先基于时域相干的时延估计算法纠正通道间时延差,而后利用基于最小二乘拟合的频域均衡算法实现通道间幅相一致性校准。利用MATLAB平台进行仿真分析,结果表明,利用此方法校正后,失配通道与参考通道在通带内的幅度差值在0.015d B内,相位差值在0.1°内,有效地实现了通道间一致性校准作用。该方法已成功应用于实际工程项目中。     

Optimal acknowledgment frequency over asymmetric space-internet links

The acknowledgement (ACK) strategy of transmission control protocol (TCP) has been modified to delay the ACKs for a configurable period of time that is related to the round-trip time (RTT) to improve its performance in asymmetric links such as space communications. A general relationship between the asymmetric channel ratio and the optimal ACK frequency to achieve maximum throughput is not available. This paper studies the optimal ACK frequency with respect to the channel RTT to achieve the maximum throughput over various asymmetric, geo-stationary earth orbit (GEO)-satellite links using a test-bed. It is found that when the asymmetric channel ratio is as high as about 100/1, the optimal ACK frequency must be increased with an increase in asymmetric ratio to complement the impact of the reduction of ACK channel rate. As a rule of thumb, every two-fold increase in asymmetric ratio requires the optimal ACK frequency to be increased by one ACK per RTT. A regression model was built to reflect the relationship between the optimal ACK frequency and the asymmetric channel ratio and has been validated     

Acquisition in phase demodulation: application to ranging inradar/sonar systems

Ranging in radar/sonar systems is cast as a phase/frequency detection problem. In phase/frequency demodulation, there are two stages: acquisition, which resolves the global prior uncertainty before phase/frequency locking; and tracking, which follows the phase/frequency variations. In this work, ranging corresponds to absolute phase acquisition formulated as a global nonlinear filtering problem. The proposed solution propagates the associated multimodal density and generates a process relating global covariance with the single modes common covariance. Acquisition is then defined as the first passage of this process across a given threshold. Statistics such as acquisition time histograms and acquisition performance, characterizing the behavior of the developed estimator/detector, are obtained by Monte Carlo simulations     

异地遥测对接可行性探究

针对现有飞行器测控系统遥测对接试验周期长、效率低的不足,提出一种异地遥测对接方法.通过构建异地遥测对接系统结构,得到异地遥测对接信号链路模型.基于系统时钟抖动的频率、相位和采样时间表达形式,对异地遥测对接链路中的信号进行了具体推导.在此基础上,从频率和相位2个方面,定量分析了系统时钟抖动对异地遥测对接信号相参性的影响.分析结果表明：对于Ka频段信号,当应答机端异地遥测对接系统的时钟短期频率稳定度优于1×10^-11时,异地遥测对接系统引入的频率抖动△f≤0.6 Hz,相位抖动△φ≤0.075 rad,可认为异地遥测对接信号的相参性不受影响,异地遥测对接可行.