机翼非水平机动攻击方式研究

研究了飞机在低空高速转弯时机翼非水平机动攻击方式,包括目标相对运动学、火控解算原理、机动轨迹控制等,并建立火控解算模型。数字仿真表明,该火控解算模型是合理可行的,火力/飞行耦合器所生成的飞行操纵指令能够帮助驾驶员实现自动瞄准攻击的目的。     

数字式射击瞄准计算机设计与实现

某型射击军械系统的射瞄计算机原采用模拟机电式技术实现,存在体积大、功耗大、可靠性及可维护性差等缺点,因此,使用数字式计算机技术对其进行升级改造势在必行.本文首先对原系统的火控原理及火控构型的进行了分析;其次,介绍了射击瞄准计算机的对外接口关系.重点介绍了数字式射击瞄准计算机的采样解算时间的确定、计算方法的选取及接口设计等内容.本文所设计的数字式射击瞄准计算机已通过了系统验证并得到了使用,克服了原有系统所存在的固有缺点.文中的设计思想与所用的工程方法对类似武器系统的升级改造有所借鉴.     

未来空战全域火力场研究

分析了未来穿透性制空（PCA）空战的发展趋势和制胜关键,针对PCA全平台隐身和分布式杀伤两大显著特征,首先,基于“以目标为中心”和“以载机为中心”2种全向攻击火控模式的有机融合和优势互补,在贯穿导弹射前、射后,覆盖多机、多弹、多目标的全时空域框架下,提出了从全局多层次视角反映协同空战多火力节点的动态和综合杀伤性能的穿透性制空全域火力场概念和设计原理,重新定义了基于截获概率及其全概率公式的空空导弹时变杀伤性能模型,并依此建立了单机火力场模型和双机火力场聚合模型;其次,通过引入场理论的“梯度、散度和旋度”3个度量指标,分别建立了火力场的空间分布、作用范围和偏转变化特性表征模型,并进行了相应的火力场仿真与特性分析;最后,初步探索了将全域火力场应用于全向攻击观察-判断-决策-行动（OODA）闭环的火控瞄准与操纵、单机隐身穿透掠袭式和双机编组协同攻击2种典型空战战术等场景的情况,证明了这一新质火控原理具备很好的技术优势和应用潜力。上述研究工作对于充分发挥新式武器装备性能,有效提高载机自由攻击和自由脱离能力,提升空战效能具有重要的作用;同时,可为将来空战分布式杀伤网的敏捷构建、杀伤链的动态组合和新...     

A弹拦射半实物仿真试验方法

在改造后的火控仿真实验室的基础上，提出了一种包括飞行员、飞机、火控、导弹、雷达等分系统，可以进行搜索、占位、瞄准、攻击直到命中目标全过程的半实物仿真试验方法．其试验结果能够用于系统的操纵性能研究，动态精度分析，精度分配、系统优化和作战效能评估．     

空-空导弹发射的火控技术分析

为保证飞机在空战中发挥导弹的最大攻击能力,文中对空-空导弹发射的火控原理进行了分析,针对空-空导弹的发射特点,详细描述了发射瞬间载机、目标和导弹之间相互的运动关系,以及如何运用拦射瞄准矢量方程改善导弹在末制导段的运动条件,以保证复杂空战环境中对空中目标的有效攻击。文章最后讨论了导弹拦射前置角、目标攻击进入角和导弹离轴角的计算方法及其在座舱显示器上的显示。     

一种二维耦合模型机动目标跟踪算法

针对雷达跟踪固定翼飞机的单目标跟踪问题,提出了一种新的二维耦合运动模型。该方法把切向加速度和法向加速度作为状态变量,给出了切向加速度和法向加速度为常值时解析计算状态转移的方法。该模型可以较好地一步预测目标加速度的变化,而且法向和切向加速度的过程噪声可以分别设置。利用该耦合模型的滤波方法,显著地改善了滤波效果,尤其是对加速度的估计。     

歼击机武器瞄准系统中的瞄准计算

本文提供了几种应用在空对空机炮瞄准具和平视仪武器瞄准计算系统中的非指挥仪型(或称扰动光环型)系统的瞄准计算方程的推导。文章内容分为四种情况:歼击机攻击非机动目标,即认为目标是作等速直线运动的情况;歼击机攻击机动目标,且目标的机动修正被考虑在瞄准计算中;歼击机攻击机动目标,且目标的机动修正和歼击机本身的横滚速率影响亦被考虑在瞄准计算中;歼击机攻击机动目标时,用于空对空机炮快速射击的过去历程示迹线(热线)和基于前置计算光学瞄准具的多次重复计算的一种阻尼示迹线的瞄准计算。     

战机的火眼金睛——机载火控雷达

APG-77相控阵火控雷达机载雷达是战机的眼睛。在通常情况下,战机眼睛的好坏,决定了空战的成败。敌机入侵,警报骤响,夜色茫茫中,两架战机呼啸升空。飞机抵达指定空域并开启机载火控雷达,展开了对高空来袭敌机的搜索。瞬间,平视显示器右上角立刻出现了由雷达传来的来犯敌机踪影:目标距离164,航向147,速度845,高度3200。平显上电子显示的用于瞄准的光环摆动着朝屏幕的右上方缓慢移动。飞行员右手稳操驾驶杆,努力使飞机朝向目标。另一只手扶在油门杆上,控制飞机加速飞行。目标框顿时呈菱形放大显示,火控雷     

空空导弹的攻击区与截获区

空空导弹的综合性能一贯以“攻击区”表示。现代火控技术采用了离轴瞄准、发射,提出了三种追踪方式(前置、后置及纯追踪),并用“截获区”表示。研讨了“攻击区”“截获区”的确定方法,建立了数学模型,作了算例,讨论了计算结果。     

航空火控技术的发展与探讨

航空火力控制技术是将飞机、目标及武器之间所构成的作战态势与攻击瞄准操纵结合在一起,充分发挥人机效能的一种综合技术。本文对航空火控技术的发展进行了深入的分析和探讨,并结合火控系统一线工作的经验,对我国航空火控系统的发展方向提出了看法。     

Modeling and Estimation for Tracking Maneuvering Targets

A new approach to the three-dimensional airborne maneuvering target tracking problem is presented. The method, which combines the correlated acceleration target model of Singer [3] with the adaptive semi-Markov maneuver model of Gholson and Moose [8], leads to a practical real-time tracking algorithm that can be easily implemented on a modern fire-control computer. Preliminary testing with actual radar measurements indicates both improved tracking accuracy and increased filter stability in response to rapid target accelerations in elevation, bearing, and range.     

机动目标“当前”统计模型与自适应跟踪算法

本文提出机动目标“当前”统计模型的概念并建议用修正的瑞利-马尔科夫过程描述目标随机加速机动的统计特性。文中指出了在机动目标运动模型中状态（机动加速度）估值与状态噪声之间的内在联系。在此基础上提出了具有机动加速度均值及方差自适应的卡尔曼滤波算法。对一维和三维的情形进行了计算机模拟。计算结果表明,在仅对目标位置进行观测的情况下,这类自适应估值算法无论对高度机动或无机动的目标均可绘出较好的位置、速度及加速度估值。     

Optimal predictive sliding-mode guidance law for intercepting near-space hypersonic maneuvering target

The design of optimal guidance law for intercepting a near-space hypersonic maneuvering target with bounded inputs is considered. Firstly, a maneuvering model for near-space hypersonic aircraft is given. Then, the aircraft acceleration prediction can be obtained using this model with two neural networks. By using the target acceleration prediction, which is taken into account when calculating the Zero Effort Miss(ZEM), an optimal sliding-mode guidance law is proposed to fulfill the guidance task...     

An Adaptive Weighted Differential Game Guidance Law

For intercepting modern high maneuverable targets, a novel adaptive weighted differential game guidance law based on the game theory of mixed strategy is proposed, combining two guidance laws which are derived from the perfect and imperfect information pattern, respectively. The weights vary according to the estimated error of the target’s acceleration, the guidance law is generated by directly using the estimation of target’s acceleration when the estimated error is small, and a differential game guidance law with adaptive penalty coefficient is implemented when the estimated error is large. The adaptive penalty coefficients are not constants and they can be adjusted with current target maneuverability. The superior homing performance of the new guidance law is verified by computer simulations.     

基于交互多模型和中值滤波的加速度估计方法

针对交互多模型算法对目标加速度估计误差较大的不足,提出了一种基于交互多模型和中值滤波的目标加速度估计方法.通过对交互多模输出的加速度信息进行中值滤波提高对加速度估计的精度.计算机仿真表明,该方法比交互多模型对匀速目标,特别是机动目标具有更好的加速度估计能力,且便于工程实现.     

Interacting acceleration compensation algorithm for trackingmaneuvering targets

The two-stage Kalman estimator has been studied for state estimation in the presence of random bias and applied to the tracking of maneuvering targets by treating the target acceleration as a bias vector. Since the target acceleration is considered a bias, the first stage contains a constant velocity motion model and estimates the target position and velocity, while the second stage estimates the target acceleration when a maneuver is detected, the acceleration estimate is used to correct the estimates of the first stage. The interacting acceleration compensation (IAC) algorithm is proposed to overcome the requirement of explicit maneuver detection of the two-stage estimator. The IAC algorithm is viewed as a two-stage estimator having two acceleration models: the zero acceleration of the constant velocity model and a constant acceleration model. The interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm is used to compute the acceleration estimates that compensate the estimate of the constant velocity filter. Simulation results indicate the tracking performance of the IAC algorithm approaches that of a comparative IMM algorithm while requiring approximately 50% of the computations     

机动目标的多项式预测模型及其跟踪算法

根据匀变速运动的多项式描述形式,利用多项式预测滤波器对目标状态建模,提出了一种全新机动目标运动的动态模型——多项式预测模型,并针对这个全新的模型给出了相应的最优滤波算法。分析表明：该模型可以精确描述任意可以由多项式描述的目标运动,而不需要已知运动的具体参数,因此相应的最优滤波算法适用于任何可以用多项式描述的机动目标状态估计问题。一个机动目标跟踪问题的计算机仿真证明了本文方法的有效性和实用性。     

Multisensor tracking of a maneuvering target in clutter

An algorithm is presented for tracking a highly maneuvering target using two different sensors, a radar and an infrared sensor, assumed to operate in a cluttered environment. The nonparametric probabilist data association filter (PDAF) has been adapted for the multisensor (MS) case, yielding the MSPDAF. To accommodate the fact that the target can be highly maneuvering, the interacting multiple model (IMM) approach is used. The results of single-model-based filters and of the IMM/MSPDAF algorithm with two and three models are presented and compared. The IMM has been shown to be able to adapt itself to the type of motion exhibited by the target in the presence of heavy clutter. It yielded high accuracy in the absence of acceleration and kept the target in track during the high acceleration periods     

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance strategy and guidance law for intercepting highly maneuvering target

Cooperative interception of the target with strong maneuverability by multiple missiles with weak maneuverability in the three-dimensional nonlinear model is studied. Firstly, the three-dimensional nonlinear model of cooperative guidance is established. The three-dimensional reachable region is represented composed of lateral acceleration and longitudinal acceleration in the two-dimensional coordinate system. Secondly, the problem of the multiple missile's reachable coverage area is transformed into the problem of cooperative coverage. A cooperative coverage strategy is proposed and an algorithm for quickly calculating the number of required missiles is designed. Then, the guidance law based on the cooperative coverage strategy is proposed, and it is proved that cooperative interception of the target can be achieved under the acceleration limit. Moreover, the relations among the number of missiles, the initial array position of terminal guidance and the coverage area of the target’s large maneuver are analyzed. The dynamic adjustment strategy of guidance parameters is proposed to reduce the guidance error. Finally, simulation results show that multiple missiles with low maneuverability can achieve effective interception of target with strong maneuverability through the proposed cooperative strategy and cooperative guidance method.     

Incremental maneuver estimation model for target tracking

An incremental model for maneuver detection and estimation for use in target tracking with the Kalman filter is described. The approach is similar to the multiple Kalman filter bank, but with a memory for the maneuver status for the track under consideration. The advantage of this approach is that the target acceleration can be more accurately estimated. The maneuver-detection model has shown good maneuver-following capability. Moreover, it needs only a finite number of Kalman filters to handle all possible maneuver values and it responds quickly as maneuver occurs. When there is an abrupt maneuver change the model can still track the targets in short time