超高速碰撞碎片云的四序列激光阴影照相

为研究超高速碰撞过程中所产生碎片云的特性,在中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速所碰撞靶上发展了四序列激光阴影照相系统。该系统由YAG激光光源、阴影仪、成像系统和控制系统组成,在采用多光源空间分离、偏振分光、光束角放大、补偿式滤光等技术后,获得了撞击速度 v=4．6km／s时碎片云的四序列阴影照片。笔者对该系统的工作原理、调试情况及试验结果进行了介绍。调试及试验结果表明：（1）该系统可以获得最小间隔为1μs、曝光时间为10ns的4个不同时刻的超高速碰撞碎片云图像,满足碰撞试验中对碎片云照相的要求;（2）该技术可以发展为更多序列激光阴影照相系统,并应用于其它超高速瞬态过程的测量显示。     

一种负阶跃力源上升时问的评价

介绍了一种负阶跃力源上升时间的测量过程，通过在脆性材料断裂试件两侧粘贴细导线，获得其上下两个端面断裂时间差的测量结果，从而估计获得该动态力源产生的负阶跃力的上升时间，对于钢质材料，上升时间可小于30μs，低时可达到12．5μs。而对于陶瓷材料，上升时间可小于100．s，最低时可达到1μs。该结果可用于动态力源的设计和力传感器动态特性校准的参考。     

基于随机森林的航空器到达时刻预测

航空器到达时刻（ ETA）预测是进场排序与调度的基础，因此进场飞行时间的快速与准确预测显得尤为重要。通过分析航班信息、天气信息以及空中交通信息，基于随机森林算法构建了航空器到达时刻预测模型。选取上海浦东机场进场航班进行仿真验证，仿真结果表明，预测模型可以实现航空器到达时刻的快速与准确预测。     

飞行模拟器动力学仿真系统算法分析

针对六自由度飞行模拟器仿真算法复杂性与实时性要求高的特点，首先将算法离散化为简单的加乘、三角函数运算，然后采用SDK编写C 程序实现控制算法。该方法程序设计紧凑、执行迅速，通过Setrrimer()函数以采样时间(1／30s)为周期定时发出WM_TIMER消息，在该消息处理函数中具体实现手柄输入数据的读取、控制算法的计算、计算结果网络传输，从输入数据读取到输出数据传输所用时间小于采样时间(1／30s)，满足了飞行模拟器在线实时控制的要求。     

多序列激光阴影成像技术研究及应用

为获取超高速碰撞过程中弹丸的飞行姿态及碰撞所产生的碎片云特性,开展了多序列激光阴影成像技术研究。利用多光源空间分离、偏振分光、光束角放大和补偿滤光等技术解决了单色光带来的衍射和干涉噪声以及碰撞瞬间强烈的自发光干扰问题,并先后在碰撞靶上建立了2序列、4序列和8序列激光阴影成像系统。该系统可以获得最小间隔1μs、曝光时间10ns、像素1000万的多个不同时刻的超高速瞬态变化过程图像,并在超高速碰撞靶试验中得到应用,获得了2～7km/s 撞击速度时碎片云的多序列阴影图像,该序列图像清晰地描述了碎片云的轮廓发展变化过程。该技术以低成本的方式实现了超高速摄影机的功能,满足目前碰撞试验粒子的飞行姿态及碎片云显示需要,并可以应用于其它超高速瞬态过程测量及流场结构显示。     

基于卫星共视的罗兰C导航系统原子频标时间同步

介绍了CV技术的基本原理和罗兰C系统原子频标资源的使用状况,并通过引入系统融合和CV技术,对比对数据进行检测校验,最终实现了罗兰C导航系统原子频标与UTC时间基准同步。     

一种负阶跃力源上升时间的评价

介绍了一种负阶跃力源上升时间的测量过程,通过在脆性材料断裂试件两侧粘贴细导线,获得其上下两个端面断裂时间差的测量结果,从而估计获得该动态力源产生的负阶跃力的上升时间,对于钢质材料,上升时间可小于30μs,低时可达到12.5μs.而对于陶瓷材料,上升时间可小于10μs,最低时可达到1μs.该结果可用于动态力源的设计和力传感器动态特性校准的参考.     

廉价的镍基微机械速率陀螺

本文论述一种低成本常压下速率微机械陀螺,它采用了兼容制CMOS镍电铸装配成型工艺,陀螺的驱动模式和检测模式的谐振频率的匹配相互接近后,增加了角速率的分辨率,两种模式采用了对称悬挂和静电频率音又方式,而且在模式匹配运行过程中两种模式的不合理机械耦合,通过与陀螺的挠曲完全断开,减小了耦合度．降低机械耦合得到一个稳定的零速率输出偏置,即提供一个极好的偏置稳定度。装配陀螺镍材料结构层厚度18μm,电容间隙2．5μm,结果是纵横比大于7,检测电容0．5pF以上．测出陀螺谐振频率,驱动是4．09Hz,检测是4．33Hz,然后再与电压小于12V音叉匹配．陀螺混合联结一个CMOS客性接口电路,混合系统工作受外围电路控制,它们组成一个角度速率传感器．陀螺按驱动模式震荡,振动幅值大于10μm。速率陀螺等效噪声是0．095（°／s）／HZ1/2短期偏置稳定度大于0．1°／s．在测量范围±100°／s内,该陀螺公称标度因子是17．7mV／（°／s）,满刻度时非线性度仅为0．12％。现在的陀螺测量频宽设为30Hz,根据使用要求,频宽可以超过100Hz,检测模式的质量因子可以通过提高真空度加以改善,在一个10Hz窄的响应频宽中,质量因子大约就是一个等效速率噪声,它小于0．05（°／s）／Hz1/2。     

雷神飞机公司公布新型比奇“空中国王”C90GT

雷神飞机公司最近推出了比奇“空中国王”C90B的发展型——C90GT。与C908相比,C90GT的最大巡航速度增加了24节(45千米/小时),而到达9100米取证升限的时间则缩短了50％。“空中国王”C90GT的重要改进是安装了两台普惠     

极区横向地理系空间稳定型惯导算法研究

针对地心惯性系和当地地理系的空间稳定型惯导系统导航算法在极区导航失效的问题,提出了适用于空间稳定型惯导系统的极区导航算法。该算法通过伪经纬网构建了横坐标系参考框架,建立了横向地理系空间稳定型惯导系统力学编排,并在此基础上重新推导了通用的误差模型。最后,通过极点附近区域与穿越极点区域仿真分析了算法的极区有效性。仿真结果表明该算法在极点附近区域解算的伪航向角误差小于3′,伪经度误差小于4′;在穿越极点区域解算的伪纵摇角、伪横摇角误差小于0.3′,伪航向角误差小于3′,伪东向、伪北向速度误差小于1m/s,伪经度、伪纬度误差小于4.2′。该算法克服了极区导航计算溢出、误差放大等问题,提高了系统的极区导航精度,能够满足极区导航要求。     

Direct-Ranging Loran Model Identification and Performance Predictions

With the availability of modern data processing techniques and lowcost stable time references, the use of Loran in a direct-ranging mode offers certain potential advantages. In order to generate reliable direct-ranging Loran (DRL) performance projections and system designs, however, accurate system error models are required. This paper first describes the processing of airborne flight data from a DRL receiver to identify models for significant DRL system errors. These models are then used in a Kalman filter covariance simulation to generate performance predictions for an optimally integrated DRL system. Comparisons with conventional hyperbolic Loran are also given. DRL is shown to be capable of substantially improved position accuracy over that of conventional hyperbolic Loran, especially in regions of poor geometry. A stationary ground-align technique for improving DRL performance is also discussed.     

The Effect of Aircraft Lateral Dynamics on Aircraft Positioning Accuracy When Using Loran-C

The dynamics of an aircraft following a fixed course line using Loran-C for position fixing are shown to interact with Loran-C receiver dynamics to result in cross-track aircraft positioning errors that are smaller than cross-track Loran receiver errors. In a particular case considered, this error reduction is on the order of 50 percent.     

典型雷达信号对瞬时测频接收机的影响

瞬时测频接收机通常工作在复杂的电磁环境中,宽带的接收特性使其极易受到影响。针对瞬时测频接收机的工作机理,选取了连续波信号、高占空比信号、同时到达信号、低截获概率雷达信号等典型雷达信号样式,对瞬时测频接收机产生的影响,分析引起工作性能下降的原因和现象,并对部分结论进行了仿真实验验证,得到了与分析结论一致的实验结果。对雷达侦察装备研制和使用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Loran data modulation: extensions and examples

Loran has provided navigation service since 1958. Though not originally designed with data broadcast capabilities, Loran's versatility has enabled data to be broadcast with great benefits. Research in the last two decades has resulted in a tremendous increase in the data capacity of Loran thereby increasing its utility. Currently, a modernized Loran is being evaluated for its capability to backup GPS and data modulation is an integral part of this Loran design. This paper details some recent Loran modulation designs and ideas.     

基于A~*定长搜索算法的多无人机协同航迹规划

基于多无人机同时作业情况下的航迹规划问题,提出了一种A*定长航迹搜索算法.该算法通过选择代价值最接近给定值的节点作为最佳节点,得到定长规划航迹,接着进一步通过限定最佳节点的选择范围,改善了航迹的可飞性.仿真结果表明,利用该算法规划的定长航迹长度误差可以控制在1.4％以内,协同航迹长度误差可以控制在0.8％以内,能够满足多无人机同时到达的一般要求.     

Using GPS to calibrate Loran-C

Various techniques for using simultaneous Global Positioning System (GPS)/Loran data to estimate the propagation uncertainties that limit the absolute accuracy of Loran-C are discussed. Significant improvements in the absolute accuracy of Loran can be achieved with very simple calibrations. The absolute accuracy of Loran in the Gulf of Maine without calibration is presented. The maximum and RMS absolute errors are between 700 and 500 m, depending on the choice of land model. Simple calibrations greatly improve the absolute accuracy of Loran. As shown, if the land conductivities are fixed a priori and a single parameter is optimized, the maximum and RMS absolute errors fall to around 250 and 60 m, respectively. Alternatively, land can be treated as a single conductivity which can be adjusted to reduce offshore additional secondary phase factor errors. The performance of this practice is summarized in tables which show maximum and RMS errors of around 300 to 100 m, respectively     

A Concept of Position Fixing by a Passive Mode Navigation Satellite System

A position fix in a passive mode using satellites usually necessitates an expensive computer or lengthy hand calculation. This is the largest drawback of passive navigation and it would be more desirable if the user could find his position by a mere glance at a chart and table, as one uses Loran. The first step toward this goal is to use a synchronous satellite because it simplifies the problem. The next step is to find the position of the user by a Loran type of chart, which is universal, and correct this apparent position by looking at a special table which is made according to the amount of perturbation of both the satellite and the user's position. An example of the position fix along the route between Yokohama to Hawaii is shown. The concept can be extended to orbiting satellites due to the rules which govern the motion of satellites, if the fix accuracy is in the order of 2 to 5 miles. This method should be more accurate than the common sextant and more practical due to the fact that the satellite can be used at any time and in any weather. As a total system, it will be better than Omega because it could provide additional navigation information such as communication or traffic control by using satellites.     

一种新的多星座接收机冷启动可见星搜索算法

为改善多星座接受机冷启动耗时过长的问题,在新的冷启动条件下,分析多星座接收机的冷启动过程,提升可见星搜索效率,并且为了能够应对复杂的遮蔽情况,提出一种新的可见星搜索算法.该算法依据已搜索的可见星缩小剩余卫星的范围,并分为4个阶段,采取不同的处理方法与搜索次序.仿真实验得出结论,在理想与遮蔽情况下,新算法均能有效缩短冷启动耗时.     

北斗导航接收机高增益相干积分算法

近年来,针对弱信号的高灵敏度接收机已逐渐成为国内外的研究热点。加长相干积分时间可以提高信噪比,从而跟踪到更弱的信号。但是,北斗导航接收机跟踪环路并不可以无限加长相干积分时间,相干积分时间的长短和功效还受到卫星导航电文比特跳变的限制。为了消除导航电文比特跳变对相干积分的影响,提出了一种改进的基于最大似然估计的北斗信号位同步方法,完成位同步后再利用先猜后检的方法便可以实现长相干积分。利用软件接收机进行编程设计,仿真结果表明：该长相干积分算法能够稳定可靠地实现对弱信号的跟踪,20ms相干积分环路信噪比约提升12dB,40ms相干积分环路信噪比约提升15dB,80ms相干积分环路信噪比约提升17dB,提高了北斗导航接收机的灵敏度。