降落伞-返回舱系统约束模型的建立

降落伞-返回舱之间通常采用不同的连接方式,为了进行理论分析,往往需要对其连接方式进行简化建模。文章详细阐述了3种不同的约束模型,并对有关方程进行推导,同时简要分析了各种约束模型的特点。     

一种新型混合网络演化模型

提出了一种新的局域网络混合演化模型,该模型中新结点与网络中已有结点的连接数成对数增长,并且在连接方式上区别于BA网络中的优先连接,采用优先连接与随机连接相结合的连接方式,即以概率l-p随机连接,以概率p依照BA网络进行优先连接.对新闻模型进行仿真和理论分析,发现新型混合网络具备局域网络的更多特性,更加接近现实网络.     

考虑目标间不同转换方式的成像卫星调度

针对相邻目标间具有不同转换方式的成像卫星调度问题,分析动作转换时间、存储容量、卫星能量等复杂约束,建立动态拓扑结构无环路有向图模型,引入非约束支配路径的概念,提出基于标记更新思想的动态路径搜索算法(DPSA)对问题进行求解。实验结果表明,考虑目标间不同转换方式的DPSA算法在牺牲一定求解效率的基础上,能够全面提高调度效果。     

航天器基础激励SEA建模方法

针对航天器力学环境试验中随机横向基础激励高频预示技术开展了建模方法的研究。首先建立典型结构的有限元模型并开展仿真计算,获取背地板面内振动数据、连接环弯曲振动数据及振动台横向振动数据;进而分别建立背地板受纵向振动约束载荷、连接环受弯曲振动约束载荷的SEA模型,并将有限元计算结果作为激励源数据,利用统计能量分析（SEA）方法开展仿真分析,得到了航天器横向基础激励SEA建模的一般方法和步骤。研究表明:横向基础激励下,可将环境试验中获取的振动台数据以弯曲波的形式施加到连接环上,进行航天器高频响应SEA预示。     

双超卫星平台柔性线缆构型设计与仿真

研究舱间线缆动力学模型及其扰动传递特性,是深入考察连接线缆刚柔耦合效应影响的重要依据。以绝对节点坐标方法(ANCF)三维缩减曲梁单元模型为背景,考虑线缆的大变形特性,构造新的大变形线缆单元弹性力模型。在此基础上,用数值方法对典型约束工况下线缆单元弹性力模型进行计算和分析,获得位移-扰动力线性关系下的两舱振幅范围。此外,结合有限元方法,获得了舱间线缆不同布线构型的等效结构刚度矩阵模型。结果表明:布线过程中合理排列不同材料性能线缆,可有效降低耦合效应的影响,为后续舱间线缆布线规划提供了理论依据。     

不同约束模型下降落伞-返回舱系统运动特性分析

建立了球铰链约束、单点吊挂约束、倒“Y”型约束三种约束模型,并对某型号舱-伞系统稳定下降过程的运动特性进行仿真计算,给出在三种约束模型下,系统运动参数随时间、高度变化的对比曲线图,并对仿真结果进行分析。计算所得结论可为降落伞-返回舱系统进行运动特性分析时简化约束模型提供重要参考。     

电弧加热发动机结构参数对性能的影响

为了研究结构参数对电弧加热发动机的影响，设计了不同结构尺寸的小功率电弧加热发动机，通过地面点火实验获得了发动机的参数和性能。在此基础上分析了推进剂进入方式、约束通道结构尺寸、电极材料对发动机性能的影响，给出丁优化的约束通道参数。实验表明，电弧加热发动机结构参数对发动机工作性能产生较大的影响。     

航天多铰接机械系统动力学的几个关键问题

阐述了航天多铰接机械系统类型及其相关的动力学建模方法。基于Dubowsky间隙的本构关系,构造了间隙铰连接数学模型,将几何约束转化为力约束,进一步建立系统的结构动力学方程和多体动力学方程,以解决系统作为机构时的展开运动分析;以及展开后,系统作为结构运行时的动力学预测。对这类系统动力学模型降阶、运动诱导刚度、控制-结构一体化设计等关键问题进行了研究。     

升力式再入飞行器两种可达区域计算方法的探讨

对2种计算升力式再入飞行器可达区域的方法进行了分析和探讨。首先建立了飞行器三自由度运动方程模型和升力式飞行器基于准平衡假设下的简化模型;然后基于最优控制方法,考虑过程约束和终端约束推导了闭环倾侧角控制律,采用双参数搜索法求取不同纵程下的最大横程;最后,以一种升力式飞行器为例分别用优化方法和常值倾侧角法进行仿真分析,结果表明常值倾侧角法可以代替优化方法进行分析与设计。     

约束理论在航天产品生产管理中的应用研究

通过分析企业内部生产能力不平衡的情况，针对航天产品生产的特点运用约束理论原理，对企业生产中的约束资源进行研究，通过优先安排瓶颈环节上关键件的生产计划，提出缓解瓶颈资源的主要方式。     

Blood volume regulating hormones response during two space related simulation protocols: four-week confinement and head-down bed-rest

The volume of regulating hormones (renin, aldosterone, arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic factor), electrolytes and creatinine concentrations, and blood pressure were measured in two different four-week experimental protocols: respectively -6 degrees head-down bed-rest (5 subjects) and confinement (6 subjects). We observed a significant increase (P < 0.01 at D2 vs D-5) of systolic blood pressure during confinement and a different level of response for some hormones, especially for arginine vasopressin (300% increase during confinement instead of 50% during bed-rest). The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was enhanced during confinement and head-down bed-rest. In both conditions, we obtained a similar pattern of response for blood volume regulating hormones. During confinement, two main factors were inactivity and stress activation of the sympathetic nervous system. In the bed-rest study the response is principally due to the fluid shift and blood volume adaptation but it is not possible to exclude the role of inactivity and stress.     

CAMS as a tool for human factors research in spaceflight

The paper reviews a number of research studies that were carried out with a PC-based task environment called Cabin Air Management System (CAMS) simulating the operation of a spacecraft's life support system. As CAMS was a multiple task environment, it allowed the measurement of performance at different levels. Four task components of different priority were embedded in the task environment: diagnosis and repair of system faults, maintaining atmospheric parameters in a safe state, acknowledgement of system alarms (reaction time), and keeping a record of critical system resources (prospective memory). Furthermore, the task environment permitted the examination of different task management strategies and changes in crew member state (fatigue, anxiety, mental effort). A major goal of the research programme was to examine how crew members adapted to various forms of sub-optimal working conditions, such as isolation and confinement, sleep deprivation and noise. None of the studies provided evidence for decrements in primary task performance. However, the results showed a number of adaptive responses of crew members to adjust to the different sub-optimal working conditions. There was evidence for adjustments in information sampling strategies (usually reductions in sampling frequency) as a result of unfavourable working conditions. The results also showed selected decrements in secondary task performance. Prospective memory seemed to be somewhat more vulnerable to sub-optimal working conditions than performance on the reaction time task. Finally, suggestions are made for future research with the CAMS environment.     

Social support and depressed mood in isolated and confined environments

The influence of isolation and confinement on social support and depressed mood was examined in a study of 235 men and women who spent a year at McMurdo Station in Antarctica, and a study of 77 men and women who spent a year at the Amundson-Scott South Pole Station. Although availability of support remained unchanged, there was a significant decrease in reported satisfaction with support obtained, as well as a significant increase in depressed mood. Satisfaction with support was inversely associated with depressed mood at the beginning and end of isolation and confinement. At the end of winter, this association varied by source of support. High levels of tension-anxiety, depression and anger preceded an increase in advice seeking, but high levels of advice seeking also preceded an increase in tension-anxiety and depression. Results suggest a significant erosion of social support under conditions of prolonged isolation and confinement, leading to an increase in depressed mood.     

MEDES clinical research facility as a tool to prepare ISSA space flights

This new multi-disciplinary medical experimentation center provides the ideal scientific, medical and technical environment required for research programs and to prepare international space station Alpha (ISSA) missions, where space and healthcare industries can share their expertise. Different models are available to simulate space flight effects (bed-rest, confinement,...). This is of particular interest for research in Human psychology, physiology, physiopathology and ergonomics, validation of biomedical materials and procedures, testing of drugs, and other healthcare related products. This clinical research facility (CRF) provides valuable services in various fields of Human research requiring healthy volunteers. CRF is widely accessible to national and international, scientific, medical and industrial organisations. Furthermore, users have at their disposal the multi-disciplinary skills of MEDES staff and all MEDES partners on a single site.     

Preferred and Alternative Mental Models in Spatial Reasoning

The mental model theory postulates that spatial reasoning relies on the construction, inspection, and the variation of mental models. Experiment 1 shows that in reasoning problems with multiple solutions, reasoners construct only a single model that is preferred over others. Experiment 2 shows that inferences conforming to these preferred mental models (PMM) are easier than inferences that are valid for alternatives. Experiments 3 and 4 support the idea that model variation consists of a model revision process. The process usually starts with the PMM and then constructs alternative models by local transformations. Models which are difficult to reach are more likely to be neglected than models which are only minor revisions of the PMM.     

水平空中发射固体有翼运载火箭总体/动力/气动/轨道一体化设计与优化

综合考虑固体火箭发动机设计、带翼火箭气动外形设计、轨道设计和总体特性相互作用相互影响的情况下,建立了水平空中发射固体有翼运载火箭总体／动力／气动／轨道一体化设计优化模型和系统分析模型。测试了系统分析软件,应用基于方向的遗传算法优选了某水平空中发射固体有翼运载火箭28个设计参数。结果表明,计算结果与工程实际结果吻合较好,优化设计效果明显,优化所得火箭起飞质量是原方案的84．32％。     

Space analogue studies in Antarctica

Medical research has been carried out on the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) for 50 years. As an extension of this program collaborative Australian/United States research on immunology, microbiology, psychology and remote medicine has produced important data and insight on how humans adapt to the stress of extreme isolation, confinement and the harsh environment of Antarctica. An outstanding analogue for the isolation and confinement of space missions (especially planetary outposts), ANARE has been used as an international research platform by Australia and the United States since 1993. Collaborative research has demonstrated a lowered responsiveness of the immune system under the isolation and confinement of Antarctic winter-over; a reduction of almost 50% in T cell proliferation to mltogen phytohaemogglutinin, as well as changes in latent herpesvirus states and the expansion of the polyclonal latent Epstein-Barr virus infected B cell populations. Although no clinically significant disease has been found to result from these immune changes, research is currently assessing the effects of psychological factors on the immune system. This and associated research performed to date and its relevance to both organisations is discussed, and comment made on possible extensions to the program in both medical and other fields.     

Respective effects of hindlimb suspension, confinement and spaceflight on myotendinous junction ultrastructure

This study compares the effects of 14-day confinement and spaceflight with the respective effects of 8, 18 and 29-day hindlimb suspension on rat soleus and plantaris MTJ ultrastructure. Independently of the experimental situation, greater morphological changes were observed in the soleus as compared to the plantaris MTJ. 18 days of suspension and 14 days of confinement resulted in ultrastructural modifications of the digit-like processes in the soleus MTJ. Additional changes were observed in the myofibrils, microtendon and tendon after 29 days of suspension and 4 days of spaceflight. These results emphasize the influence of the intensity and duration of the muscle loading on the MTJ ultrastructure.