面向高分辨率遥感影像的地形辐射校正方法

地形辐射校正对获取准确的地表定量遥感精度意义重大。针对传统地形辐射校正模型不适用于高分辨率遥感影像的问题,提出了一种基于辐射传输模型,同时严控误差源的地形辐射校正方法,以资源三号01星高分辨率全色及多光谱遥感影像为例进行相关实验,实现对高分辨率遥感影像的地形辐射校正,并进行了主客观分析与评价。分析结果表明:本文提出的地形辐射校正模型和方法,能有效解决全色遥感影像在绝对辐射定标系数缺失情况下校正效果差以及如何保持高分辨率遥感影像细节等难点,较传统方法更适用于高分辨率遥感影像。      

高光谱遥感地形影响建模与仿真

针对地形起伏对高光谱遥感图像几何变形和辐射变化的影响,建立高光谱遥感地形影响模型.该模型利用传感器位置、姿态和视场角建立模拟图像像元坐标和地面空间坐标之间的成像几何关系,利用地表反射率、数字高程模型等数据,考虑大气辐射传输过程,计算起伏地形下传感器入瞳辐亮度图像,并经过空间分辨率转换,生成最终遥感模拟图像,实现高光谱遥感地形影响精确建模.利用西藏驱龙地区Hyperion数据和其它相关数据进行仿真分析,将模拟图像和原始图像进行对比,结果比较吻合,表明该模型具有较好的模拟效果.     

基于地物信息的高光谱遥感图像分类方法

利用主成分分析法滤除n维高光谱遥感图像中的大部分冗余信息,得到尽可能保留光谱信息的m维高光谱遥感图像,融合其地物空间分布信息,将m维高光谱遥感图像中的每一个像素点构建为一个2维谱-空信息向量。再利用主成分分析法法对m维高光谱遥感图像进行降维,得到q维融合地物空间分布信息与光谱信息的结果图。通过高斯混合模型预测聚类中心,基于改进的迭代自组织数据分析算法ISODATA(Iterative Selforganizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm)对高光谱遥感图像进行聚类,得到最终的分类结果。实验结果表明本方法的地物分类精度优于K-means、ISODATA和SVM方法,总体分类精度提升10.14%-13.99%,kappa系数提升3.2%-12.85%。     

基于非线性混合模型研究太空风化对月壤光谱的影响

月表太空风化会改变月壤光谱特征, 影响月壤元素遥感反演精度. 研究太空风化对月壤光谱的影响有助于开发月壤成熟度光谱解耦算法, 提高月壤成分遥感反演精度. 直接对比月壤风化前后光谱的变化能最真实反映太空风化对光谱的影响, 但无法获取未风化的月壤样品, 利用实验室模拟方法开展研究也存在缺陷. 本文提出了一种简便的方法来研究太空风化对月壤光谱的影响, 并以月海样品为例进行探讨. 利用Hapke模型对月海样品组成矿物光谱按照实测含量进行非线性混合, 并通过对比混合后的光谱与实测的月壤光谱, 研究太空风化过程对月壤光谱的影响. 研究结果表明, 月壤在遭受太空风化后反射率降低, 波长越短降低越显著; 月壤背景吸收斜率增大, 月壤变得更红, 月壤矿物特征吸收峰深度降低, 光谱对比度变弱, 长波吸收峰(2.0μm附近)深度降低程度超过短波吸收峰(1.0μm附近)深度. 未来在利用遥感技术反演月壤元素含量时, 必须考虑这些因素.      

基于抗噪声ICA的高光谱数据特征提取方法

特征提取是高光谱数据应用的一个重要环节,用于将高光谱数据中具有特殊性质的地物分离出来并去除冗余信息.提出了一种使用独立成分分析(ICA,Independent Component Analysis)进行高光谱遥感地物特征提取的方法.为了解决ICA对噪声过分敏感的问题,采用最大噪声分量(MNF,Maximum Noise Fraction)算法替代传统的主成分分析对数据作降噪处理,由MNF引出的不完全独立成分分析(UICA,Undercomplete ICA)在不牺牲特征提取能力的情况下能够获得很高的运算效率.给出了HYDICE和PHI的数据试验结果,分别测试了算法在时间效率和特征提取能力方面的性能,证明了该算法具有预期的性能.     

空间调制光谱成像仪相对辐射校正方法研究

空间调制干涉光谱成像仪不同于其他类型光谱成像仪,其得到的是包含地物空间信息和光谱信息的立方体干涉数据。该光谱成像仪由于原理特殊,在轨数据定标方法尚不成熟。文中介绍了一种基于统计思想来计算探测器CCD辐射模型的在轨相对辐射校正方法,并通过对"环境一号"A卫星上测得的实际在轨数据进行相应的处理,来验证该相对辐射校正处理效果。结果表明该方法可以达到修正CCD响应不均匀性、光场不均匀性和减小非线性相位偏移的双重作用,提高复原光谱的精度。     

巡航导弹红外辐射及大气衰减计算模型

对巡航导弹3个主要辐射源:蒙皮、尾喷管及羽流进行了深入分析,建立了巡航导弹红外辐射计算模型.此外,在红外辐射的大气传输理论基础上,综合考虑高度、倾斜及气象条件等各种因素,分析了大气衰减对红外辐射的影响,建立了大气透过率的理论模型与计算方法.最后,以某型号巡航导弹为例,利用此模型计算了3~5μm和8~12μm两个波段的红外辐射强度、大气光谱透过率和平均透过率,以及经过大气衰减后的红外辐射强度,并对计算结果进行了分析.结果表明,这是一种计算巡航导弹红外辐射的简单方法.      

K波段微波高光谱辐射计的晴空定标方法

K波段微波高光谱辐射计应用于大气探测方向,能够减少地表至对流层内的大气廓线误差和提高廓线的垂直分辨率.针对平均辐射温度在宽大气频谱和不同天空仰角下存在浮动的问题,结合所统计的北京地区往年廓线数据和晴空条件下的Liebe大气吸收模型（1993）,提出了一种微波高光谱下改进的晴空定标方法.相比于传统的晴空定标方法,该方法利用先验的气象数据对定标过程进行优化计算,有利于提高平均辐射温度的预测精度.误差分析结果表明当K波段微波高光谱辐射计采用改进的晴空定标方法时,能够有效减少平均辐射温度对其定标误差的影响.      

基于Transformer和动态3D卷积的多源遥感图像分类

多源遥感数据具有互补性和协同性,近年来,基于深度学习的方法已经在多源遥感图像分类中取得了一定进展,但当前方法仍面临关键难题,如多源遥感图像特征表达不一致,融合困难,基于静态推理范式的神经网络缺乏对不同类别地物的适应性。为解决上述问题,提出了基于跨模态Transformer和多尺度动态3D卷积的多源遥感图像分类模型。为提高多源特征表达的一致性,设计了基于Transformer的融合模块,借助其强大的注意力建模能力挖掘高光谱和LiDAR数据特征之间的相互作用;为提高特征提取方法对不同地物类别的适应性,设计了多尺度动态3D卷积模块,将输入特征的多尺度信息融入卷积核的调制,提高卷积操作对不同地物的适应性。采用多源遥感数据集Houston和Trento对所提方法进行验证,实验结果表明：所提方法在Houston和Trento数据集上总体准确率分别达到94.60%和98.21%,相比MGA-MFN等主流方法,总体准确率分别至少提升0.97%和0.25%,验证了所提方法可有效提升多源遥感图像分类的准确率。     

一种新的遥感影像清晰度评价方法

针对传统清晰度评价算法很难准确评价遥感卫星影像清晰度的问题,结合工程应用及遥感影像特点提出了一种新的遥感图像清晰度评价算法--自检测灰度梯度函数清晰度评价算法。把评价过程分为目标区域检测和清晰度特征参量提取,为解决遥感影像数据量大且景物密度与分布特点各异的问题,首先通过检测算子对一幅遥感影像中各区域进行检测来得到景物丰富且边缘明显的目标区域,然后再对目标区域进行灰度预处理并提取目标区域的边缘灰度梯度来评价清晰度。通过三组不同类型影像对该算法进行验证,分别为遥感相机在轨离焦仿真影像和噪声仿真影像,以及在轨型号遥感卫星影像,对比几种传统典型清晰度评价算法和自检测灰度梯度函数的评价效能,结果表明：文中方法满足遥感影像清晰度评价的基本要求,解决了传统算法无法横向比较不同遥感相机影像及不同大小影像清晰度的问题,是一种适合卫星遥感影像清晰度评价的方法。     

Deriving remote sensing reflectance from turbid Case II waters using green-shortwave infrared bands based model

The objectives of this study are to validate the applicability of a shortwave infrared atmospheric correction model (SWIR-based model) in deriving remote sensing reflectance in turbid Case II waters, and to improve that model using a proposed green-shortwave infrared model (GSWIR-based model). In a GSWIR-based model, the aerosol type is determined by a SWIR-based model and the reflectance due to aerosol scattering is calculated using spectral slope technology. In this study, field measurements collected from three independent cruises from two different Case II waters were used to compare models. The results indicate that both SWIR- and GSWIR-based models can be used to derive the remote sensing reflectance at visible wavelengths in turbid Case II waters, but GSWIR-based models are superior to SWIR-based models. Using the GSWIR-based model decreases uncertainty in remote sensing reflectance retrievals in turbid Case II waters by 2.6–12.1%. In addition, GSWIR-based model’s sensitivity to user-supplied parameters was determined using the numerical method, which indicated that the GSWIR-based model is more sensitive to the uncertainty of spectral slope technology than to that of aerosol type retrieval methodology. Due to much lower noise tolerance of GSWIR-based model in the blue and near-infrared regions, the GSWIR-based model performs poorly in determining remote sensing reflectance at these wavelengths, which is consistent with the GSWIR-based model’s accuracy evaluation results.     

超谱遥感图像降维方法研究现状与分析

随着成像光谱仪的发展 ,超谱遥感图像的研究已进入到一个新的阶段———对获取的超谱数据进行有效处理和利用的阶段。目前的处理方法主要集中在对超谱图像的数值分析处理上 ,比如大气校正、降低数据维数、信息提取、分类与压缩等方面。而超谱图像降维方法的研究是做好后继处理的一个关键步骤 ,降维方式的正确选取与使用 ,对于发展和完善那些针对超谱海量数据和丰富信息特点的算法和软件有极大的好处。文章从波段选择、划分数据源、特征提取和融合等 4个角度对目前超谱图像的各种降维方法进行了综合归纳和分析。力图为超谱图像处理寻找突破点 ,加强此领域的研究力度     

国外高光谱遥感载荷发展分析

高光谱遥感是当前遥感领域发展的前沿。首先介绍了高光谱遥感的成像原理、典型成像方式及主要特点等基础理论,之后从机载和星载两个方面,系统梳理了美国、加拿大、欧洲、日本等主要国家高光谱遥感载荷的发展现状,分析了相关载荷的主要性能指标(以空间分辨率、频谱分辨率等为代表),总结、归纳了高光谱遥感在民用商用、国防安全及行星探测三个领域中的应用情况,最后从提升分辨率、优化探测模式及实现小型化三个方面,总结了高光谱遥感载荷的发展趋势。     

Novel method for reconstruction of hyperspectral resolution images from multispectral data for complex coastal and inland waters

Hyperspectral resolution image products of a synthetic sensor featuring the high spatial resolution of the space-borne sensor can offer cost-effective means for enhancing our current capabilities in terms of providing an array of images in lieu of designing an expensive system for image acquisition, which can serve the expanding needs of the scientific and user communities for various critical water color applications. Despite several studies on enhancing the capability of land remote sensing sensors, full spectrum reconstruction of water color images with varying spectral bands is hampered by the lack of methods and accurate atmospheric correction procedures. In the present work, a novel method is developed for reconstruction of hyperspectral resolution images from high spatial-resolution Sentinel 2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) data representative of many complex waters in coastal and inland zones. This method uses a deep neural network (DNN) with multiple blocks of deconvolution and dense layers. The spectral reconstruction of hyperspectral resolution images from multispectral data was based on rigorous training data from the atmospherically-corrected and validated HICO normalized water-leaving radiance products (with spectral resolution 438-868 nm sampled at 5.7 nm) of diverse water types. The generalizability and versatility of the DNN method was tested and evaluated systematically by means of various qualitative and quantitative analyses using concurrent space-borne (MSI and HICO) and in-situ measurements from different regional waters. Reconstructed hyperspectral resolution radiances obtained from the MSI images closely matched with independent HICO and MSI measurements within the desired accuracy. Successful reconstruction and validation of the hyperspectral radiances indicate that the proposed state-of-the-art method provides possible future directions for enhancing our current capabilities of space-borne sensors for various research purposes and societal applications at local, regional and global scales.     

基于多种空间信息的高光谱遥感图像分类方法

在高光谱遥感图像分类方法中,空间特征和光谱特征的融合可以有效地改善分类效果。针对单一空间特征的信息表达不充分问题,提出了一种联合多种空间特征的高光谱图像空谱分类方法。利用超像素信息对分类结果进行后处理去掉椒盐噪声,并创造性地将超像素信息应用于分类前处理,提出了一种利用超像素信息对像素点的特征向量进行线性加权融合的方法。试验结果表明,所提方法的性能优于目前的通常方法。     

高光谱遥感成像技术的发展与展望

地表形态和目标特性是空间对地遥感的两个重要问题.经过近40年的发展,高光谱遥感技术已取得了巨大的进展,从数据获取、处理到应用都积累了大量成果.作为涉及多学科交叉的年轻学科,高光谱遥感技术的发展经历了一个以需求为导向,在发展中又不断探索完善需求的历程.高光谱成像仪作为获取目标图谱数据的重要仪器,其发展对于整个高光谱遥感的...     

Improving the estimation of zenith dry tropospheric delays using regional surface meteorological data

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are emerging as possible tools for remote sensing high-resolution atmospheric water vapour that improves weather forecasting through numerical weather prediction models. Nowadays, the GNSS-derived tropospheric zenith total delay (ZTD), comprising zenith dry delay (ZDD) and zenith wet delay (ZWD), is achievable with sub-centimetre accuracy. However, if no representative near-site meteorological information is available, the quality of the ZDD derived from tropospheric models is degraded, leading to inaccurate estimation of the water vapour component ZWD as difference between ZTD and ZDD. On the basis of freely accessible regional surface meteorological data, this paper proposes a height-dependent linear correction model for a priori ZDD. By applying the ordinary least-squares estimation (OLSE), bootstrapping (BOOT), and leave-one-out cross-validation (CROS) methods, the model parameters are estimated and analysed with respect to outlier detection. The model validation is carried out using GNSS stations with near-site meteorological measurements. The results verify the efficiency of the proposed ZDD correction model, showing a significant reduction in the mean bias from several centimetres to about 5 mm. The OLSE method enables a fast computation, while the CROS procedure allows for outlier detection. All the three methods produce consistent results after outlier elimination, which improves the regression quality by about 20% and the model accuracy by up to 30%.     

Advances on Technology and Application of Ocean Color Remote Sensing in China (2004 - 2006)

China has great progress in the technology and application of ocean color remote sensing during 2004-2006. In this report, firstly, four major technical advances are displaying, including (1) the vector radiative transfer numerical model of coupled ocean-atmosphere system; (2) the atmospheric correction algorithm specialized on Chinese high turbid water; (3) systematical research of hyper-spectrum ocean color remote sensing; (4) local algorithms of oceanic parameters, like ocean color components, ocean primary productivity, water transparency, water quality parameters, etc. On the foundation of technical advances, ocean color remote sensing takes effect on ocean environment monitoring, with four major kinds of application systems, namely, (1) the automatic multi-satellites data receiving, processing and application system; (2) the shipboard satellite data receiving and processing system for fishery ground information; (3) Coastal water quality monitoring system, integrating satellite and airborne remote sensing technology and ship measurement; (4) the preliminary system of airborne ocean color remote sensing application system. Finally, the prospective development of Chinese ocean color remote sensing is brought forward. With Chinese second ocean color satellite (HY-1B) orbiting, great strides will take place in Chinese ocean color information accumulation and application.