典型海上热发射动力学效应及影响因素分析

考虑海上发射环境特殊性,分析了发射船承受的典型海浪以及风环境,针对陆基发射时运载火箭直接坐落在发射台上的裸箭热发射方式,分析了该支撑形式在海上动态环境下的射前稳定性,获得海上裸箭热发射方式的承受晃动极限。为解决陆基热发射支撑方式不满足三级海况发射稳定性的问题,提出运载火箭的框架式扶稳措施,通过框架内的柔性支撑保证运载火箭的射前稳定性。构建由火箭、等效甲板、导向框架、导轨、柔性支撑、发射台等组成的发射系统动力学仿真模型,开展复杂海况条件下的发射动力学分析,获得了框架式热发射方式在典型海况条件下,不同因素对火箭出框过程飞行姿态、安全间隙等影响规律,可为运载火箭框架式热发射的海上动基座发射动力学安全性评估提供技术支撑,并用于框架式热发射方式的海上动基座环境适应性的综合评价。     

中国运载火箭地面系统发展方向研究

地面系统用于支持和保障火箭的发射与试验,对火箭的使用性能、发射能力、发射场配置及工作流程等有重要的影响。调研了国外运载火箭地面系统发展现状,总结了国外运载火箭地面系统发展趋势。从快速发射、简易发射、安全发射、自动发射和通用发射等方面提出了地面系统发展思路和主要关键技术,为我国后续运载火箭地面系统发展提供参考。     

一种可兼容多型号运载火箭的可重构式活动发射平台（英文）

A launch pad is an important part of the launch vehicle system. It bears the weight of launch vehicles and payloads, and is burnt due to the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow during launch. This study analyzes the development of launch pads in the world, reviews a reconfigurable mobile launch pad for multiple launchers, then proposes common points and development trends of future launch pads in the world.     

LM-11——The Main Force in China's Small Launch Vehicles for Commercial Launch

The Long March 11 launch vehicle(LM-11) is the only solid launch vehicle within China's new-generation launch vehicle series, enabling a full spectrum of Chinese launch vehicles. Compared with other China's LM series launch vehicles, it has the shortest launch preparation time. With the characteristics of appropriate launch capability, quick response, easy-to-use, flexible operation, universal interface and strong task adaptability, LM-11 can better meet the launch requirements for various small networking satellite, replacement and for emergency use. After four successful launches, LM-11 has become the main Chinese launch vehicle oriented to the international small satellite commercial launch market.     

Low Cost and Reusability of Launch Vehicle

This paper analyzes the launch price of the launch vehicles, domestic and abroad, studies the status and trend of the low cost launch vehicles, and introduces two measures to reduce the cost by means of evolved and disruptive technologies, utilizing the concept of low cost manufacturing and operating modes as well. This paper also analyzes the launch strategies for small satellites such as piggyback, networking launch, and single launch with a small launch vehicle(SLV). Finally, the development trend of reusable launch vehicles is discussed as well as the development prospects for China's reusable launch vehicle.     

中国运载火箭测试发射模式发展思路研究

运载火箭的测试发射模式对火箭和发射场总体方案起着重要作用,目前各国常用的测发模式主要有一平两垂、三垂和三平模式。研究和总结国内外运载火箭测发模式及其特点,从任务适应性、环境适应性、可靠性和安全性、经济性这4个指标中细化出13项影响因素,在此基础上开展了3种测发模式影响因素对比分析。结合我国发射场环境地质条件和现有建设条件,提出一种运载火箭测发模式定量分析方法,完成了我国小型、中型、大型及重型运载火箭在现有4个发射场最优测发模式分析,为我国运载火箭未来测发模式发展提供重要参考。     

战术导弹垂直发射系统的现状及发展趋势

介绍了垂直发射装置通用化、箱式化和模块化的总体特征。详细论述了国外现役8种类型的垂直发射系统，根据基本结构特点将垂直发射装置分为模块式结构、独立布置的分离式结构和旋转式结构，另依据发射动力将垂直发射装置分为热发射和冷发射。以热发射的同心筒式结构和冷发射采用的大倾角、模块化设计为例．分析了垂直发射装置的发展趋势。     

垂直起降可重复使用运载器发展现状与关键技术分析

重复使用运载技术是降低单次发射成本、提高发射密度和减少残骸危害的有效手段,随着以Falcon 9系列为代表的垂直起降运载器的成功回收与重复使用,其在商业航天发射市场表现出了较强的竞争力,掀起了可重复使用运载器的研究新热潮。首先梳理了垂直起降可重复使用运载器的发展现状,然后结合垂直起降运载的任务特征分析了其关键技术,最后总结了垂直起降运载器的发展趋势。     

舰载武器多通道快速测试发射系统方案研究

为满足舰艇空间窄小的要求,地面测发控系统设备的结构体积受到严格限制.本文阐述了一种舰载武器多通道快速测试发射的测发控系统方案,以实现武器的点选、组选和全选,同时对多发武器进行监控、测试,并快速实施发射.该方案的应用,将大大提高舰载武器的战斗能力和反应速度,给我国武器发射技术带来飞速发展.     

载人运载火箭全箭模态试验

介绍载人运载火箭全箭模态试验技术，给出了火箭全部可靠性模态数据，及飞船内关键设备的振动数据。通过对数据分析，认为：船箭耦合远比星箭耦合复杂；代替低空逃逸发动机的配重对火箭的频率特性影响不大；试验取得的全部模态数据可靠，为稳定系统设计、船箭耦合动态分析及火箭飞行过程中宇航员的振动环境提供了实验依据。     

运载火箭捷联惯组全自主对准技术应用研究

我国运载火箭发射前通常通过光学瞄准确定初始方位角,采用捷联惯组自对准解算获取水平姿态角。以可实现简易、快速发射的新型火箭为背景,在发射场阵风等干扰引起箭体低频微幅晃动的环境下,研究了捷联惯组自主对准技术。分析了运载火箭全自主对准的特点,利用以惯性系为参考基准的解析对准法和卡尔曼滤波精对准方法,对高精度全自主对准技术和其在运载火箭上的应用展开了详细论述。开展了全自主对准试验验证,结合新一代运载火箭首飞数据进行了分析。结果表明:捷联惯组全自主对准技术可替代复杂的光学瞄准系统,实现运载火箭发射前初始姿态的确定。     

运载火箭测发控网络设计

运载火箭测试发射控制系统对数据处理能力、数据通信能力的要求越来越高。本文采用最新的网络通信技术,结合CZ-3A运载火箭测发控网络的实际设计需求和设计原则,概要介绍了运载火箭测发控网络的特点,着重从测发控网络的拓扑结构、双网卡捆绑技术、静态路由技术等五方面详细阐述了测发控网络的设计,最后通过测发控网络的功能测试验证了该设计的可靠性和先进性。     

LM-11SL:A Sea-Launched Carrier Rocket for Small Satellites and Its Launch Service

Following the successful maiden flight of the Long March 11(LM-11) launch vehicle from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in September 2015, the first sea-launched carrier rocket dedicated to provide a launch service for small satellites and their constellations, the Long March 11 Sea Launch(LM-11 SL) has been under development by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology(CALT) and the China Great Wall Industry Corporation(CGWIC). It is planned to commence launch service in 2018. Based on the LM-11, a land-launched four-staged solid launch vehicle which has entered the market and accomplished launch missions for several small satellites in the past 3 years, the newly adopted sea launch technology enables transport and launch of LM-11 SL from maritime ships, providing flexible launch location selection.After inheriting the mature launch vehicle technologies from previous members of the Long March launch vehicle family and adopting a new way of launching from the sea, the LM-11 SL is capable of sending payloads into low Earth orbits with all altitudes and inclinations, from 200 km to 1000 km, from equatorial to sun synchronous, within a shortduration launch campaign. The LM-11 SL provides a flexible, reliable and economical launch service for the global small satellite industry.     

多约束交会对接发射窗口的分析和规划

针对交会对接任务对发射窗口的轨道日照角、光学导航测量设备阳光抑制角和轨道共面等多项约束,建立了交会对接发射窗口计算数学模型,给出了交会对接发射窗口计算方法与流程,分析了各种约束对交会对接发射窗口的影响。计算并构建了交会对接任务目标飞行器和追踪飞行器的年度日照发射窗口集合。按照2种任务规划思路分别给出了确定目标飞行器和追踪飞行器年度共面窗口集合的方法,为多约束交会对接年度发射窗口的日窗口和时刻窗口的分析和规划提供了清晰的结果。仿真结果验证了交会对接年度发射窗口集合的正确性和有效性,模型、方法和结果可作为交会对接任务发射窗口分析和规划的依据。
     

基于PXI总线技术的运载火箭测试发射控制系统研究

简要介绍了PXI总线技术的发展情况,阐明了PXI技术的优越性及其在军事航天领域应用的重要意义。参考现有产品资料,设计了基于PXI总线技术的运载火箭测试发射控制系统的硬件组成和软件框架。该技术的应用将进一步推动运载火箭测试发射系统的智能化、通用化和小型化,从而提高运载火箭的整体性能。     

The Rockot launch system

EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH has been founded by Daimler-Benz Aerospace of Germany and Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center of Russia to offer world-wide cost effective launch services on the Rockot launch system. The Rockot commercial program is described. Rockot can launch satellites weighing up to 1850 kg into polar and other low earth (LEO) orbits. The Rockot launch vehicle is based on the former Russian SS-19 strategic missile. The first and second stages are inherited from the SS-19, the third stage named Breeze is newly developed and has multiple ignition capability. The Rockot launch system is flight proven. In addition to the currently adapted Rockot launch site Plesetsk for high inclinations, EUROCKOT is in the process to also adapt the Baykonur cosmodrome as their complementary Rockot launch site for lower inclinations. The wide range of Rockot performance is provided. The first commercial launch is foreseen in the middle of 1999. The expected launch capacity for Plesetsk and Baykonur will exceed 10 launches per year. The complete Rockot system including performance is presented.     

中国液体运载火箭结构系统发展规划研究

结构系统是运载火箭关键系统之一,对运载效率提升具有显著作用。深入研究了国外运载火箭结构系统发展现状,根据我国运载火箭发展需求,结合我国航天发展和基础工业实际情况,从材料、结构形式、制造工艺等方面,提出了我国运载火箭结构系统重点发展方向和主要关键技术,对提升运载效率和推动航天强国建设具有重要的工程意义。     

Technology and Market Prospect Analysis of Low Cost Small-lift Launch Vehicles for Small Satellites

The technological development status of new generation low cost small-lift launch vehicles applied to small satellite launch is investigated in this paper. The development trends are summarized, including low cost and rapid response capability, utilization of mature rocket and missile technology, the development of mobile launch technology adopting air-based platforms and use of innovative technology. Moreover, the external power and internal demand of the small-lift launch vehicle are analyzed and the market prospect is forecasted. Finally, proposals for the development of small-lift launch vehicles are put forward, including exploration of the potential of existing rocket and missile technology, development of multi-platform mobile launch technology and further application of innovative technology and ideas.     

Solid Rocket Motors for Launch Escape Tower Provide Safety to Astronauts

Compared with other ordinary launch vehicles, the LM-2F launch vehicle has two special systems, the fault detection processing system and launch escape system, because it is used for manned spaceflight missions. During the 10 flight missions carried out by LM-2F, only the launch     

从月球逃逸探测小行星的发射机会搜索

从月球逃逸探测小行星的发射机会搜索因需考虑日、地、月引力的影响而使问题变得复杂。针对该多体系统的发射机会搜索问题,提出了一种分层渐近的搜索方法。该方法首先通过分析地月系质心与小行星的几何关系,搜索从地月系质心到小行星的发射机会,进而以地月运动为研究对象,推导出了从月球轨道切向逃逸机会的判别条件,并基于此判别条件及等高线图法对逃逸机会进行了搜索。同时,为提高所得发射机会在多体模型下的轨道修正收敛性,给出了基于月心逃逸轨道参数为终端约束的日-地与日-地-月动力学模型的轨道渐近修正方法。最后,以近地小行星(3908)Nyx和(190491)2000 FJ20为例,搜索其从月球逃逸的发射机会,仿真计算表明了该方法的有效性。