等温锻造FGH96合金超塑性研究

对等温锻造FGH96合金的超塑性进行了研究.研究表明,FGH96合金在变形温度为1050℃和1100℃,初始应变速率ε0为1×10-2s-1～1×10-3s-1的拉伸变形条件下,均呈现出较好的超塑延性.在变形温度为1050℃,初始应变速率为1.67×10-3s-1时,合金超塑延伸率均可以达到825%.微观组织分析表明,FGH96合金超塑拉伸的断裂主要原因是空洞的长大和连接.     

低温超塑性钛合金的超塑性研究

对一种超塑性温度相对较低的双相钛合金SPZ的超塑性能进行了研究.结果表明:740～800℃,应变速率恒为1.11×10-3s-1时,SPZ合金的最大拉伸延伸率均超过1600%;760°C,合金的超塑延伸率可高达2149%.760℃,应变速率高达1.11×10-2s-1时,合金的超塑延伸率仍可达1380%.也就是说,700℃/1hAC处理后,SPZ合金在试验温度范围内具有低温高速超塑性.SEM观察发现,超塑变形前,合金的晶粒细小均匀,平均晶粒尺寸只有0.89μm;应变速率为2.22×10-3s-1,740℃,760℃变形后SPZ合金的晶粒尺寸分别为1.51μm,2.33μm.超塑性变形的微观机制是以晶界滑动为主,晶内变形以及位错蠕变起了协调作用.     

SiC/Ni复合材料的超塑性

对电沉积SiC/Ni复合材料进行了低温超塑性拉伸实验,结果发现:平均晶粒尺寸为200nm的SiC/Ni复合材料在温度430℃初始应变速率为8.33 ×10-4s-1的变形条件下,获得最大延伸率571.2%,应变速率敏感指数为0.32.利用扫描电镜对断口形貌及变形后试样的组织进行的观察表明:断裂模式主要是沿晶断裂;晶粒有不同程度的长大,晶粒的长大速率的不同形成了变形后大小晶粒的混合组织,且沿拉伸方向拉长.应力-应变关系曲线表明:应力随着应变的增大而增大,增加到峰值后开始减小,材料进入准稳定变形阶段,实现大变形.SiC的加入增加了基体组织的稳定性,有利于材料超塑性的实现.超塑变形机理为晶界滑移和位错滑移塑性.     

热轧AZ31镁合金温变形中的微观组织演变

在50~250℃的温度范围和1.4×10^-3~1.4×10^-1s^-1的应变速率范围内通过单向拉伸试验检验了热轧AZ31镁合金的温变形性能。通过光学显微镜和透射电镜观察了温变形中的微观组织演变。结果表明:在温变形的初始阶段,孪生为主要的变形机理和硬化机制。由孪生变形积聚的畸变能和非基滑移的启动导致了动态再结晶的形核与长大。应变速率的提高对动态再结晶的抑制是造成AZ31镁合金温变形中应变速率敏感性的原因。     

铝-6%镁合金超塑性研究

本文介绍了铝-6%镁合金超塑性研究的情况。通过对工业铝合金LF6进行材料细化处理,使其具有超塑性,并研究了对超塑变形有影响的各种因素,经测试获得了与超塑性有关的各种参数。另外对该材料变形过程中的微观结构如晶粒度、位错、空洞、晶界滑移及其变化规律也进行了初步研究。在成形方面制作了四种不同形状的零件,质量均很理想。     

细晶AZ31镁合金高温压缩变形行为研究

通过Gleeble-1500试验机对坯料预先经过晶粒细化处理的AZ31镁合金圆柱体试样进行单向热压缩试验,压缩温度为300～450℃,应变速率.ε为0.01s-1,0.1s-1,1.0s-1,根据试样结果分析计算了本构方程中的各参数,获得了完整的镁合金高温本构方程,进一步分析了压缩试样的显微组织。结果表明:在本试验条件下,AZ31镁合金的热变形应力指数n为6.24,热变形激活能为177.2kJ/mol。压缩试样心部组织变形程度明显高于边缘;随着温度的升高,心部压缩组织发生明显的再结晶,新晶粒在晶界处形核并长大。     

Effect of twinning on Moderate-Temperature Deformation Behavior of hot-roiled Mg Alloy

研究了热轧AZ31镁合金板材中低温变形(室温～573K)时孪生所导致的硬化和软化效果,并结合金相显微技术(OM)和透射电子显微技术(TEM)对相关变形机理及孪生类型进行判断.结果发现,有较强基面织构特征的AZ31镁合金板材在室温～573K变形过程中{10(1)1}压缩孪晶起主要作用,同时也存在少量的基面滑移.变形温度越高,变形速率越小,孪晶数量也逐渐减少.中低温变形时AZ31镁合金轧制板材中的压缩孪晶和二次孪晶同时起软化作用与硬化作用,但硬化作用大于软化作用.     

孪生对热轧AZ31镁合金中低温变形行为的影响

研究了热轧AZ31镁合金板材中低温变形(室温～573K)时孪生所导致的硬化和软化效果,并结合金相显微技术(OM)和透射电子显微技术(TEM)对相关变形机理及孪生类型进行判断。结果发现,有较强基面织构特征的AZ31镁合金板材在室温～573K变形过程中{10ī1}压缩孪晶起主要作用,同时也存在少量的基面滑移。变形温度越高,变形速率越小,孪晶数量也逐渐减少。中低温变形时AZ31镁合金轧制板材中的压缩孪晶和二次孪晶同时起软化作用与硬化作用,但硬化作用大于软化作用。     

冷轧态5B70合金超塑性行为研究

为了探究冷轧态5B70合金超塑性行为,利用高温拉伸试验对冷轧板材在不同参数下的变形规律进行研究。结果表明:在初始应变速率为5×10~(-4)～1×10~(-2) s~(-1)和拉伸温度为450～500℃范围内,冷轧5B70合金板材具有良好的超塑性;500℃为合金的最佳超塑性变形温度,1×10~(-3) s~(-1)为最佳初始应变速率,在最佳超塑性条件下合金的最大延伸率达到了670%,应变速率敏感性指数为0.43;在超塑性变形过程中,由于动态再结晶作用,原始纤维组织逐渐转变为等轴晶,并且晶粒明显细化;合金的超塑性变形是再结晶辅助下晶界滑移为主的变形机理,表现出了明显的晶间断裂特征。     

TC11合金最大m值超塑变形机理

众所周知,应变速率敏感性指数m值是材料超塑性能的重要特征参数,通常m值越大则超塑性越好。介绍了最大m值超塑变形的新方法。该方法的思路是：在塑性变形过程中,通过动态测定m值并实时控制变形速度,使m值始终保持最大值;同时结合TC11钛合金(Ti₆₅Al₃₅Mo₁₅Zr₀3Si) 高温拉伸实验,实现了最大m值超塑变形方法,在900 ℃拉伸时获得了最大延伸率2300%。由金相及电子技术分析发现TC11钛合金超塑性变形以晶界滑移为主,并伴随晶内位错滑移。最大m值法超塑性变形能够使动态再结晶充分发生,是提高钛合金塑性的有效方法。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.