相邻两航天器相对运动近似方程的解析解及比动能方程

在地心引力场中,当目标航天器沿近圆轨道作无动力运动时,与目标航天器相邻的受控航天器相对于目标航天器的运动可以近似地用Hill方程描述。文章给出了受控航天器对目标航天器运动的推力加速度随时间线性变化时Hill方程的解析解。并根据Hill方程导出了受控航天器相对目标航天器运动的比动能方程。还讨论了比动能方程在上述两航天器轨道相遇和轨道交会问题中的应用。     

考虑输入饱和的多航天器系统姿轨耦合分布式协同跟踪控制

基于一致性理论,研究了多航天器系统相对轨道及姿态耦合的分布式协同控制问题。在仅有部分跟随航天器可获取领航航天器信息的情形下,针对各跟随航天器存在未建模动态以及外部环境干扰等问题,利用双曲正切函数的性质,提出了考虑输入饱和的分布式自适应协同控制律。首先,对于领航航天器具有时变状态的情形,为每个跟随航天器设计了3个滑模估计器,对领航航天器的状态进行估计。其次,针对跟随航天器间相对速度和角速度难以测量的问题,设计仅需领航航天器状态的切比雪夫神经网络自适应更新律。最后,设计考虑输入饱和的分布式自适应协同控制律保证各跟随航天器跟踪动态领航航天器。仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性、可行性。     

航天器的表面带电及其防带电设计

本文概要叙述了航天器表面带电对航天器系统的危害并提出在航天器设计和制造期间所必须考虑的相关问题。随后介绍了国外有关航天器表面带电问题的技术文档,其中包括用于评价和控制航天器带电影响的设计指南、航天器带电试验技术标准及航天器带电手册。最后简要介绍了这些技术文档在减少航天器带电危害中的作用及使用方法。     

航天器真空热试验测控系统应用现状及发展趋势

航天器真空热试验是航天器研制过程中必不可少的试验项目。文章阐述了航天器真空热试验测控系统的特点和面临的挑战,总结归纳了航天器真空热试验测控系统的应用现状,分析展望了航天器真空热试验测控系统未来的发展趋势。     

航天器力学环境分析与条件设计研究进展

航天器力学环境条件是航天器及其部组件设计和地面试验验证的主要依据,直接影响着航天器的总体设计水平。随着我国航天事业的飞速发展,对航天器及其有效载荷的设计提出了越来越高的要求,而力学环境分析与条件设计技术已经成为制约我国航天器荷载比提高的瓶颈技术。本文重点针对航天器力学环境分析与条件设计技术所涉及的航天器力学环境预示理论方法,高精度有限元建模与模型修正技术以及航天器力学环境条件设计技术三个方面国内外研究进展进行了回顾,特别是对近五年来我国航天工业部门在航天器力学环境分析与条件设计领域取得的成就进行了综合评述。在此基础上,结合我国航天工程的实际需求,分析指出了今后在航天器力学环境分析与条件设计领域的主要研究方向。     

航天器的防污染技术

简单介绍了航天器污染的概念,污染对航天器的损害,航天器污染研究的重要性,以及国内外航天器防污染研究概况。着重介绍真空热试验中的污染控制方法。引入航天器自污染的概念,介绍消除航天器自污染的有效办法是真空烘烤。     

航天器总装模块化生产模式探讨

文章介绍了航天器总装模块化生产思想,建立了航天器总装生产模式成熟度模型,提出模块化是提高航天器制造企业管理柔性、提升企业竞争力的重要途径,针对航天器总装实施特点对航天器总装生产模式进行了模块化构想,根据专业化试点取得的经验提出专业化建设对于加快航天器总装人才培养、优化资源配置等具有显著的现实意义。     

航天器低频电缆网的设计

文章提出了航天器低频电缆网的设计原则,以某航天器低频电缆网的设计为例,详细介绍了该低频电缆网功能的实现方法;整理归纳了地面测试阶段,航天器低频电缆网对航天器火工品、太阳电池阵驱动机构、蓄电池组等的安全保护措施。经航天器初样阶段验证,该低频电缆网设计合理可行,完全满足航天器任务要求。     

航天器单粒子防护薄弱点的识别

针对当前航天器研制中日益突出的单粒子防护量化设计问题,分析了单粒子软错误对航天器影响的特征,建立了评估器件或设备单粒子软错误对航天器影响的危害时间模型,给出了航天器单粒子防护薄弱点的识别方法和步骤,为改进航天器单粒子防护设计提供了客观依据。     

航天器总装可靠性研究

文章针对航天器总装过程的特点,提出了航天器总装的可靠性评估理论.首先,提出了航天器总装可靠性的概念,然后对航天器的总装过程进行了建模分析,阐述了航天器总装的可靠度分配原理以及总装FMEA评估方法,从而初步建立了一套适应航天器总装的可靠性理论,以此有效的控制航天器的总装质量,查找出总装过程中的潜在故障失效模式,从而达到提高航天器总装质量和效率的目的.     

航天器太阳翼在轨光照角度建模及仿真分析

航天器太阳翼的输出功率受到光照条件的影响,与太阳光入射角θ（指太阳光与太阳翼法线的夹角,以下简称θ）密切相关（θ角取值0°～60°范围之间,输出功率与θ的余弦成正比）。为此建立了高精度的轨道数值计算模型、太阳位置计算模型、光照地影模型和不同姿态模式（航天器的飞行模式和太阳翼定向模式的多种组合模式）下的太阳光入射角计算模型。根据轨道和姿态条件,推算航天器在轨运行过程中太阳翼的太阳光入射角,分析太阳光入射角随时间的变化。仿真结果可用于计算太阳翼的发电功率,并为航天器和太阳翼的姿态控制提供参考。     

Spectral and spatial dependency of aerosol extinction in the upper troposphere based on the moon surface photometry in the Earth’s umbra

The work is based on photometry of the Moon’s surface during the total lunar eclipse of June 15, 2011. Photometric data are used to retrieve the value of aerosol extinction coefficient in the troposphere above the Earth’s limb in various spectral bands in the optical and near-IR ranges. The results are analyzed in comparison with the data of previous eclipses in 2004–2008. The main result consists in an increased aerosol concentration in the South-East Asia, which is maximum among all eclipses observed in recent years. At the same time, no relationship between eclipse brightness and solar activity is observed, as well as unified latitude dependency of umbra brightness noticed earlier.     

NanoSail-D: A solar sail demonstration mission

In the early to mid-2000s, NASA made substantial progress in the development of solar sail propulsion systems. Solar sail propulsion uses the solar radiation pressure exerted by the momentum transfer of reflected photons to generate a net force on a spacecraft. To date, solar sail propulsion systems were designed for large robotic spacecraft. Recently, however, NASA has been investigating the application of solar sails for small satellite propulsion. The NanoSail-D is a subscale solar sail system designed for possible small spacecraft applications. The NanoSail-D mission flew on board the ill-fated Falcon Rocket launched August 2, 2008, and due to the failure of that rocket, never achieved orbit. The NanoSail-D flight spare is ready for flight and a suitable launch arrangement is being actively pursued. This paper will present an introduction solar sail propulsion systems and an overview of the NanoSail-D spacecraft.     

空间摄动对InSAR卫星编队的影响研究

针对干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)编队卫星的特点,分析了地球形状、大气阻力、第三体引力和太阳光压等空间摄动力对卫星轨道的影响,并仿真讨论其对编队构型的影响。结果表明:地球形状摄动和大气阻力摄动是引起InSAR编队构型变化的主要摄动因素,在这些摄动力的作用下,编队构型的变化主要是沿航迹向的累积变化和编队椭圆的空间指向变化两种,并给出了编队构型随时间的变化量。研究为编队保持控制提供了参考。     

Observations of March 29, 2006 solar eclipse in the radio range at wavelengths of 3.2 and 4.9 cm

We present observations and processing of the March 29, 2006 solar eclipse data at the radio telescopes RT-3 (λ = 4.9 cm) and RT-2 (λ = 3.2 cm) of the Kislovodsk Solar Station of the Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory of RAS. Registration of the emission flux was conducted by electron method with a time resolution of 0.5 s. Compact sources on the solar disk are identified, and the contribution of coronal holes into the integral flux is determined. Comparisons to observations in the optical and X-ray ranges are performed. The intensity of sources behind the solar limb is estimated. The ratio of the intensity of residual radiation in the maximum phase to the solar emission before the eclipse was equal to 3.7 and 5.9% for 3.2 and 4.9 cm, respectively.     

Station keeping of a solar sail around a Halo orbit

Solar sails are a concept of spacecraft propulsion that takes advantage of solar radiation pressure to propel a spacecraft. Although the thrust provided by a solar sail is small it is constant and unlimited. This offers the chance to deal with novel mission concept. In this work we want to discuss the controllability of a spacecraft around a Halo orbit by means of a solar sail. We will describe the natural dynamics for a solar sail around a Halo orbit. By natural dynamics we mean the behaviour of the trajectory of a solar sail when no control on the sail orientation is applied. We will then discuss how a sequence of changes on the sail orientation will affects the sail's trajectory, and we will use this information to derive efficient station keeping strategies. Finally we will check the robustness of these strategies including different sources of errors in our simulations.     

长时间累积检漏技术的可行性研究

随着载人航天器向大型化和长时间在轨的方向发展,现有总漏率测试方法的检漏灵敏度已经不能满足设计需求,通过延长总漏率测试时间提高灵敏度的方法亟需研究。文章从理论分析和试验验证两个方面研究了长时间累积检漏技术的可行性,为后续大型航天器检漏提供参考。     

Determination of parameters of attitude motion of a small communication satellite using the data of measurements of current of solar panels

A communication satellite (small spacecraft) injected into a geosynchronous orbit is considered. Flywheel engines are used to control the rotational spacecraft motion. The spacecraft after the emergency situation has passed into a state of uncontrolled rotation. In this case, no direct telemetric information about parameters of its rotational motion was accessible. As a result, the problem arose to determine the rotational satellite motion according to the available indirect information: current taken from the solar panels. Telemetric measurements of solar panel current obtained on the time interval of a few hours were simultaneously processed by the least squares method integrating the equations of rotational satellite motion. We present the results of processing 10 intervals of the measurement data allowing one to determine the real rotational spacecraft motion and to estimate the total angular momentum of flywheel engines.     

一种精确计算航天器本体对太阳电池阵遮挡的方法

针对航天器太阳电池阵电设计和热设计中需要准确考虑阴影影响的问题,提出了一种可以精确计算太阳电池阵阴影的方法。首先使用三角网格来建立3D模型,其次考虑了航天器本体构件间的相对运动,然后用一个“包围盒”去截取模型上的三角网格点,再把这些点投射到太阳电池阵上,最后把太阳电池阵分成小方格,分别使用逐点比较法和最小矩形法来生成阴影图形。给出了月球车遮挡计算的实例,仿真分析表明生成阴影图形时,最小矩形法具有更高的速度。使用本文所述的方法,可计算结构复杂、构件间有相对运动的航天器本体对太阳电池阵造成的遮挡,能生成精确的阴影图形,为后续计算受遮挡的太阳电池阵的输出特性奠定了基础。     

Modes of uncontrolled rotational motion of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Progress M-29M</Emphasis> spacecraft

We have reconstructed the uncontrolled rotational motion of the Progress M-29M transport cargo spacecraft in the single-axis solar orientation mode (the so-called sunward spin) and in the mode of the gravitational orientation of a rotating satellite. The modes were implemented on April 3–7, 2016 as a part of preparation for experiments with the DAKON convection sensor onboard the Progress spacecraft. The reconstruction was performed by integral statistical techniques using the measurements of the spacecraft’s angular velocity and electric current from its solar arrays. The measurement data obtained in a certain time interval have been jointly processed using the least-squares method by integrating the equations of the spacecraft’s motion relative to the center of mass. As a result of processing, the initial conditions of motion and parameters of the mathematical model have been estimated. The motion in the sunward spin mode is the rotation of the spacecraft with an angular velocity of 2.2 deg/s about the normal to the plane of solar arrays; the normal is oriented toward the Sun or forms a small angle with this direction. The duration of the mode is several orbit passes. The reconstruction has been performed over time intervals of up to 1 h. As a result, the actual rotational motion of the spacecraft relative to the Earth–Sun direction was obtained. In the gravitational orientation mode, the spacecraft was rotated about its longitudinal axis with an angular velocity of 0.1–0.2 deg/s; the longitudinal axis executed small oscillated relative to the local vertical. The reconstruction of motion relative to the orbital coordinate system was performed in time intervals of up to 7 h using only the angularvelocity measurements. The measurements of the electric current from solar arrays were used for verification.