论产品质量鉴定

产品质量鉴定是针对已使用过及发生争议的产品进行的查验、分析及判断的全过程。鉴定的委托、专家组组成及实施办法有相应严谨的要求,法律法规亦有相应的规定。鉴定专家组在进行产品质量鉴定时．根据质量争议的焦点要全面细致地了解、查验及试验产品的各项功能及性能,做出科学、公正的产品质量鉴定结论。     

2005年全球航天工业收入1800亿美元

2006年11月14日，美国太空基金会发布《航天报告：全球航天活动指南》，分析了全球航天工业、航天产品及航天业务，提供了一份最可靠的新数据。报告将全球航天活动分为9大领域，包括：航天基础设施、航天产品及服务、航天收入及政府预算、航天产品的应用及服务的实施、航天活动的影响、未来展望。2005年全球政府预算及航天工业收益共计1800亿美元。1100亿美元来自全球商业航天收入、基础设施、基础保障服务、卫星服务及基于运输的服务。     

神舟飞船供配电及电缆网设计与研制

介绍了神舟飞船供配电及电缆网的配置组成、功能任务、技术特点、测试及功能验证、以及电磁兼容性、可靠性及安全性设计等。并展望了载人航天二期工程总体电路分系统的设计前景。     

Internet及Intranet建设

介绍及分析了Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ／Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ的发展、Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ技术、安全技术及特点，提出了在航天系统建立Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ／Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ的方案及效益分析。     

载人深空探测任务航天医学工程问题研究

航天医学工程问题关系到载人深空探测任务中的人员生存及健康。文章从人员长期生存的生命保障、变重力生理效应及防护、地外环境效应与防护、人员生理健康监测与维护、人员心理健康等方面的问题入手,分析了问题产生的原因及解决的必要性,并提出了解决思路,为后续深入开展相关关键技术的攻关提供参考。最后,以载人月球基地任务为案例,提出了生命保障、变重力防护、辐射及月尘防护、生理及心理健康监测及维护等问题的解决方案。     

一种军用无线通信性能评估系统设计

文章设计了一种军用无线通信性能评估系统,能够在不同信道环境及各种干扰模式下,对军用无线通信系统的性能指标及可靠性进行检验及评估,包括频率覆盖范围、灵敏度、动态范围、频率分辨率、频率稳定度、抗干扰性、实效性及适应性等。该系统可广泛应用于机动或非机动指挥通信系统方案的验证以及设备性能指标的验证与评估。     

常平座的设计与应用

通过对国内外常平座的发展历史及现状的分析研究,结合常平座各部分的结构特征及应用要求从方案确定、材料选择、润滑、传力结构及不同结构的适用范围等方面给与了较全面的理论分析,同时结合实际经验提出了各环节在设计、应用中所遇到问题的解决措施及建议。     

粗丝自动MIG焊双面单层焊道成形研究

LF6R铝合金板材,采用粗丝熔化极自动氩弧焊,其焊缝形式为双面单层焊缝。通过调节焊接电流、电弧电压、焊接速度、保护气体流量及氩(Ar)、氦(He)混合比例等控制焊缝成形及焊接质量的关键参数,获得的双面单层焊缝外观、内部质量及焊接接头常温力学性能,满足设计图样及专用焊接技术条件的要求。     

我国首次闭式循环发动机发生器-涡轮泵联动试验研究

液氧/煤油闭式循环发动机发生器-涡轮泵联动试验的特点是发生器组元供应依赖氧泵及煤油泵;联动试验产品自身起动,化学点火,闭式循环工作;通过流量调节器、节流阀、工艺喷管和多级节流装置实现系统调节和参数平衡.联动试验的主要目的是考验涡轮泵、发生器、阀及相关分系统的方案可行性及工作协调性,掌握补燃循环系统的起动特点及试验技术.本文论述了联动试验系统总体方案、关键技术攻关研究、分系统地面冷试方案、试验工况调整、试验程序确定及试验保障措施等试验方案设计过程,对进一步试验和同类型试验具有重要参考及借鉴价值.     

太阳帆航天器研究及其关键技术综述

综述了国内外关于太阳帆航天器的研究成果。介绍了太阳帆航天器的构型与材料、姿态控制、轨道控制及任务分析、试验验证及动力学仿真分析等的研究进展,讨论了太阳帆航天器轻质高强度帆体、折叠储存与展开控制、结构设计、姿态控制、地面试验及在轨演示验证,以及测试与诊断等关键技术,分析了未来太阳帆航天器的发展趋势。     

Iridium: failures & successes

This paper will provide an overview of the Iridium business venture in terms of the challenges faced, the successes achieved, and the causes of the ultimate failure of the venture — bankruptcy and system de-orbit. The paper will address technical, business, and policy issues. The intent of the paper is to provide a balanced and accurate overview of the Iridium experience, to aid future decision-making by policy makers, the business community, and technical experts. Key topics will include the history of the program, the objectives and decision-making of Motorola, the market research and analysis conducted, partnering strategies and their impact, consumer equipment availability, and technical issues — target performance, performance achieved, technical accomplishments, and expected and unexpected technical challenges. The paper will use as sources trade media and business articles on the Iridium program, technical papers and conference presentations, Wall Street analyst's reports, and, where possible, interviews with participants and close observers.     

International space station: : Ready to fly

The International Space Station (ISS) is no longer a paper program, focused on design, development and planning. It is an operational program, with hardware soon to be launched and ground systems in place. Additional modules, components and elements are now under construction in almost all of the 16 ISS International Partner and Participant countries, with metal being bent, software being written, and testing ongoing. Crew members for the first four crews are in training in the U.S. and Russia, with the first crew launching in mid 1999. Mission control centers are fully functioning in Houston and Moscow, with operations centers in St. Hubert, Darmstadt, Tsukuba, Turino, and Huntsville going on line as they are required.

The International Space Station, as the largest international civil program in history, features unprecedented technical, managerial, and international complexity. Seven international partners and participants encompassing 15 countries are involved in the ISS. Each partner is contributing and will be operating separate pieces of hardware, to be integrated on-orbit into a single orbital station. Mission control centers, launch vehicles, astronauts/cosmonauts, and support services will be provided by partners across the globe, but must function in a coordinated, integrated fashion. This paper will review the accomplishments of the ISS Program and each of the Partners and Participants over the past year, focusing on completed milestones and hardware. It will also give a status report on the development of the remainder of the ISS modules and components by each Partner and Participant, and discuss upcoming challenges.     

New frontiers in design synthesis

The Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE), which is one of the major strategic technologies under development at NASA centers and the University of Virginia, is described. One of the major objectives of ISE is to significantly enhance the rapid creation of innovative affordable products and missions. ISE uses a synergistic combination of leading-edge technologies, including high performance computing, high capacity communications and networking, human-centered computing, knowledge-based engineering, computational intelligence, virtual product development, and product information management. The environment will link scientists, design teams, manufacturers, suppliers, and consultants who participate in the mission synthesis as well as in the creation and operation of the aerospace system. It will radically advance the process by which complex science missions are synthesized, and high-tech engineering systems are designed, manufactured and operated. The five major components critical to ISE are human-centered computing, infrastructure for distributed collaboration, rapid synthesis and simulation tools, life cycle integration and validation, and cultural change in both the engineering and science creative process. The five components and their subelements are described. Related U.S. government programs are outlined and the future impact of ISE on engineering research and education is discussed.     

空间机械臂技术及发展建议

空间机械臂是一个机、电、热、控一体化的高集成度的空间机电系统。文章概述了国内外该技术的发展情况;论述了空间机械臂在目标监视与观测、在轨试验和建设、行星与深空探测三个方面的任务;讨论了系统构成与功能。结合工程应用,提出了空间生存与性能保持、空间驱动与伺服、空间建标与测量、天地协同控制与示教、地面仿真训练与环境模拟五项关键技术。文章还对我国在该技术领域的发展思路提出了建议,并展望了我国空间机械臂技术的发展前景。     

Condensation reactions and formation of amides, esters, and nitriles under hydrothermal conditions

Hydrothermal pyrolysis experiments were performed to assess condensation (dehydration) reactions to amide, ester, and nitrile functionalities from lipid precursors. Beside product formation, organic compound alteration and stability were also evaluated. Mixtures of nonadecanoic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, or hexadecanamide with water, ammonium bicarbonate, and oxalic acid were heated at 300 degrees C for 72 h. In addition, mixtures of ammonium bicarbonate and oxalic acid solutions were used to test the abiotic formation of organic nitrogen compounds at the same temperature. The resulting products were condensation compounds such as amides, nitriles, and minor quantities of N-methylalkyl amides, alkanols, and esters. Mixtures of alkyl amide in water or oxalic acid yielded mainly hydrolysis and dehydration products, and with ammonium bicarbonate and oxalic acid the yield of condensation products was enhanced. The synthesis experiments with oxalic acid and ammonium bicarbonate solutions yielded homologous series of alkyl amides, alkyl amines, alkanes, and alkanoic acids, all with no carbon number predominances. These organic nitrogen compounds are stable and survive under the elevated temperatures of hydrothermal fluids.     

量子级联技术研究进展：从光源到探测

量子级联技术基于多量子阱或超晶格结构中的子带跃迁和共振隧穿理论,既可以产生光源,又可以探测光信号,是量子级联激光器（QCL）和量子级联探测器（QCD）的理论基石,在检测、遥感、通信、雷达等领域具有广泛的应用前景。经过最近三十年的研究,量子级联技术在基础研究、产品性能以及应用系统研发和场景试验方面都取得了重大进展。本文首先简要介绍了量子级联技术的原理和发展历史,随后阐述了量子级联器件子带能级结构和电子输运动力学计算思路,接着重点综述了量子级联技术的研究进展,包括中远红外高功率QCL、中远红外宽调谐QCL、太赫兹QCL、高性能QCD,以及QCL和QCD的单芯片光子集成方面的内容,最后介绍了QCL和QCD的产品与应用情况。     

中国运载火箭测试发射模式发展思路研究

运载火箭的测试发射模式对火箭和发射场总体方案起着重要作用,目前各国常用的测发模式主要有一平两垂、三垂和三平模式。研究和总结国内外运载火箭测发模式及其特点,从任务适应性、环境适应性、可靠性和安全性、经济性这4个指标中细化出13项影响因素,在此基础上开展了3种测发模式影响因素对比分析。结合我国发射场环境地质条件和现有建设条件,提出一种运载火箭测发模式定量分析方法,完成了我国小型、中型、大型及重型运载火箭在现有4个发射场最优测发模式分析,为我国运载火箭未来测发模式发展提供重要参考。     

国外低轨物联网星座系统发展分析

随着地面移动通信系统的建设发展和移动互联网业务的爆发式增长,多样化的移动通信需求和应用场景不断涌现,传统的“人与人”之间的通信正在扩展向“人与物”、“物与物”的通信。物联网(internet of things, IoT)技术近年飞速发展,并已投入广泛建设和应用。卫星因其广域覆盖和抗毁性,比较适应于大区域数据采集和物联业务。近年来随着卫星通信技术能力的提升和产业链条的优化,商业航天蓬勃发展,天地一体成为趋势。天基物联网、天地融合物联网成为新的关注点。国际上近年来涌现出数十个天基物联网系统,部分已投入工程建设和应用,已在天基物联网的系统架构和体制设计上取得进展。针对卫星物联网技术发展和建设应用开展调研,对Orbcomm、Kepler、SpaceMobile、ELO等低轨星座物联网系统的建设规划、能力定位、系统架构、星座方案、通信技术、频率资源、市场应用等方面进行了全面分析,并对天基物联网星座系统的发展趋势和关键问题进行总结。     

基于“OODA环”优化的卫星导航定位安全与对抗应用研究

卫星导航定位设备的“生存”环境日益复杂、严峻,各类电子对抗、干扰欺骗十分激烈,人为干扰已成为卫星导航定位安全与对抗的重点。针对传统手段无法有效应对干扰复杂性、全面性、系统性的不足,本文在分析“OODA环”理论和实践转化的基础上,结合复杂环境下“干扰-抗干扰”的整体对抗过程,优化“OODA环”运行,将其与卫星导航定位安全与对抗应用进行耦合,提出基于“环境感知-筛选隔离-检测识别-效能评估-策略规划-对抗反制-回访反馈-再感知”的卫星导航定位安全与对抗不定向循环链路,并对拓展、映射的七个环节及关键技术进行分析、论证。通过引入“循环”和“不定向”两个概念,不仅实现了周期性外循环和部分环节内循环的嵌套迭代和导向性传输的运行机制;而且优化了内循环的自由度,使得各环节互联且独立、循环但不定向,有效增强了卫星导航定位安全与对抗的鲁棒性。本文的设计思路可加快实现循环链路的动态闭环,提高对抗的整体效能,在实践应用和技术论证中具有一定的参考价值。     

Group force mobility model and its obstacle avoidance capability

Many mobility models attempt to provide realistic simulation to many real world scenarios. However, existing mobility models, such as RPGM [X. Hong, M. Gerla, G. Pei, C. Chiang, A group mobility model for ad hoc wireless networks, in: Proceedings of ACM/IEEE MSWiM’99, Seattle, WA, August 1999, pp. 53–60] and others, fail to address many aspects. These limitations range from mobile node (MN) collision avoidance, obstacle avoidance, and the interaction of MNs within a group. Our research, the group force mobility model (GFMM) [S.A. Williams, D. Huang, A group force mobility model, Appeared at 9th Communications and Networking Simulation Symposium, April 2006], proposes a novel idea which introduces the concept of attraction and repulsion forces to address many of these limitations. Williams and Huang [A group force mobility model, Appeared at 9th Communications and Networking Simulation Symposium, April 2006] described some of the limitations and drawbacks that many models neglect. This model effectively simulates the interaction of MNs within a group, the interaction of groups to one another, the coherency of a group, and the avoidance of collision with groups, nodes, and obstacles. This paper provides an overview of GFMM and particularly illustrates the GFMM's ability to avoid collision with obstacles, which is a vital property to posses in order to provide a realistic simulaition. We compare our model with the commonly used RPGM model and provide statistical assessments based on connectivity metrics such as link changed, link duration, and relative speed. All will be detailed and explained in this paper.