Modal control of the planar motion of a long flexible beam in orbit

Attitude control techniques for the pointing and stabilization of very large, inherently flexible spacecraft systems are investigated. The attitude dynamics and control of a long, homogeneous flexible beam whose center of mass is assumed to follow a circular orbit is analyzed. In this study, first order effects of gravity-gradient are included, whereas external perturbations and related orbital station keeping maneuvers are neglected. A mathematical model which describes the system deflections within the orbital plane has been developed by treating the beam as having a maximum of three discretized mass particles connected by massless, elastic structural elements. The uncontrolled dynamics of this system are simulated and, in addition, the effects of the control devices are considered. The concept of distributed modal control, which provides a means for controlling a system mode independently of all other modes, is examined. The effect of varying the number of modes in the model as well as the number and location of the control devices are also considered.     

模糊神经网络控制器在卫星姿态控制系统中的应用

现代卫星的姿轨控制面临着挠性附件对本体姿态的耦合作用。本文将卫星太阳帆板挠性结构对本体姿态的影响增广进系统方程 ,在PID控制器控制刚体卫星的基础上 ,设计了模糊神经网络控制器 ,采用反向传播和最小方差估计的学习方法进行模糊规则的学习 ,仿真表明 ,模糊神经网络特有的学习和处理定性与定量知识的优点 ,将使卫星姿态在参数变化与外部干扰情况下具有较好的姿态稳定度与精度。     

太阳电池翼在轨模态光学测量优化的计算机辅助方法

非接触光学测量方法,可作为空间站太阳电池翼等大型航天器柔性部件在轨模态分析的一种潜在手段。为合理布置相机的拍摄工位及视角,有效捕捉靶标运动的位移及方向,提出了利用轨控或姿控激励下柔性附件瞬态响应的结构动力学仿真结果,结合计算机图形学仿真技术,预示虚拟靶标运动过程成像及其位移重构效果,从而对测量有效性做出判断的实验方案评价方法,并通过仿真实验对其可行性进行了验证。该方法可发展为航天器在轨模态测量的计算机辅助优化工具,能充分利用结构动力学仿真成果,弥补大型柔性部件地面实验的不足。     

Dynamics of the orbiter based construction of structural components for space platforms

A relatively general formulation for studying liberational dynamics of a large class of spacecraft during deployment of arbitrarily oriented beam and plate type flexible members has been developed by the authors. The formulation is applicable to a variety of missions ranging from deployment of antennas, booms and solar panels to manufacturing of trusses for space platforms using the Space Shuttle. The governing nonlinear, nonautonomous and coupled equations of motion are extremely difficult to solve even with the help of a computer, not to mention the cost involved. To get some appreciation as to the complex interaction between flexibility, deployment and attitude dynamics as well as to help pursue stability and control analyses, the procedure is applied to the Space Shuttle based deployment of plate-like members. Results suggest substantial influence of the flexural rigidity of the appendages, deployment velocity, initial conditions, and appendage orientation on the system response. Deployment maneuvers in conjunction with a typical controlled time history of permissible liberational rates suggest flexible plate members to be stable. In general, the instability is triggered through roll excitation leading to unbounded yaw due to coupling. The results should prove useful in planning of the Orbiter based experiments aimed at studying dynamics and control of flexible, deployable structural components needed in construction of space platforms.     

柔性航天器预设性能及时间自抗扰姿轨跟踪控制

针对柔性航天器的姿轨机动及跟踪控制问题,首先基于模块化的多体动力学建模方法在SE(3)框架下建立柔性航天器的姿-轨-结构一体化动力学模型,其中航天器的位置、姿态使用李群SE(3)上的指数坐标来描述,然后进一步推导其相对动力学模型。在此基础上提出一种基于预定义性能及时间的积分滑模跟踪控制方法,通过引入预定义时间扰动观测器估计柔性附件弹性振动及空间环境的扰动,并在控制律中加入扰动估计结果的前馈补偿项,通过Lyapunov理论证明了系统的闭环稳定性和跟踪误差收敛性。该算法通过对状态误差的实时监测来调整执行器的输出,使控制器在系统存在柔性振动及空间环境干扰的情况下仍可实现高精度的姿轨跟踪。将其应用至柔性航天器姿轨跟踪系统中,仿真结果表明了该控制方案的有效性和实用性。     

一种挠性航天器的对偶四元数姿轨耦合控制方法

为解决复杂的挠性航天器的姿轨控制问题,对于挠性航天器的姿轨耦合动力学建模与控制展开研究。基于对偶四元数原理,推导给出一套挠性航天器的姿轨一体化动力学模型。此种模型能够紧凑描述航天器的轨道和姿态,且能够自动引入航天器平动、转动与挠性附件振动三者之间的关联耦合作用。基于此模型设计了一种自适应位置姿态跟踪控制器,该控制器能够在航天器质量特性参数未知的情况下,对其位置和姿态进行轨迹跟踪控制,并使位置和姿态误差收敛。该自适应控制器还可对航天器上挠性附件对系统的耦合作用进行估计,进而在控制输出中对其进行补偿,提高卫星控制系统的稳定性。通过仿真对控制律进行校验,结果表明该控制律对挠性航天器控制效果良好,具有一定的工程应用参考价值。     

Very large space structures: Non-linear control and robustness to structural uncertainties

Very Large Space Structures (VLSS) are challenging systems to be controlled, due to their high flexibility. In particular, rapid attitude maneuvers can determine great oscillations on the flexible elements of a spacecraft (solar wings, antennas, booms). On account of this, in the last decades many researchers have developed different strategies to effectively damp the elastic vibrations by means of active vibration devices (such as piezo-electric patches) or by means of robust control algorithms. The approach suggested in this paper is different, since neither additional devices nor complex control laws are introduced. In fact, the complete model of the system (including rigid, elastic and orbital dynamics, coupled with control actions) is controlled by the non-linear attitude controller named state dependent Riccati equation, which will be based on a simplified version of the spacecraft model. The task to reduce the mutual interaction between rigid attitude and flexible dynamics is entirely transferred to a modification of the desired trajectory that must be tracked. This command shaping technique is based on the knowledge of the parameters (inertial and elastics) of the VLSS. Unfortunately these parameters are not always exactly known and, however, they may change over the time. On account of this a Monte Carlo analysis has been also performed, showing the robustness of the proposed control strategy to the structural uncertainties. The numerical simulations prove that this strategy, based on the joint application of two well-known yet simple techniques, produces accurate and robust results.     

太阳帆航天器的轨道动力学和轨道控制研究

研究了太阳帆轨道动力学和利用太阳帆推进实现非开普勒轨道的太阳帆控制问题 ,推导了Gauss形式的太阳帆探测器密切轨道六要素微分方程,分析了太阳帆的轨道控制设 计方法,描述了适合太阳帆姿态控制的执行机构。在此理论基础上以SPORT计划作为设计实 例,并进行了设计与仿真,实现了任务要求的目标轨道。     

固体捆绑火箭姿控系统建模与设计研究

针对固体捆绑火箭复杂空间模态对姿控系统的影响问题,推导建立了新的姿态动力学模型,分析了弹性振动对三通道姿态运动的影响并采用逆Nyquist阵列法进行了姿控系统设计。首先建立了新的固体捆绑火箭姿态动力学模型,模型中基于有限元法导出了弹性振动方程,这是与传统模型最主要的区别。然后针对弹性振动引起的三通道姿态运动间耦合问题,分析了耦合的强弱,采用逆Nyquist阵列法设计了控制器。最后通过时域仿真验证了方法的可行性。结果表明,虽然结构上捆绑火箭芯级和助推之间纵、横、扭耦合比较明显,但引起的三通道间耦合却比较弱,被控模型在设计频段内具有明显的对角优势性质。采用逆Nyquist阵列法设计的控制器是可行的,仿真结果满足工程要求。     

Transient attitude dynamics of satellites with deploying flexible appendages

The paper presents a general formulation for librational dynamics of satellites with an arbitrary number, types, and orientation of deploying flexible appendages. The generalized force term is incorporated making the formulation applicable to a wide variety of situations where aerodynamic forces, solar radiation, earth's magnetic field, etc. become significant. In particular, the case of a beam-type flexible appendage deploying from a satellite in an arbitrary orbit is considered. The corresponding nonlinear, non-autonomous equations for in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations are derived, allowing for the variation of mass density and flexural rigidity along the length with time dependent deployment velocity and spin rate. Next, the attention is focused on the linearized analysis of the in-plane vibrational equation using the assumed-mode method and its substantiation through numerical integration. Finally, the paper presents results for both steady-state and transient attitude behaviour for a representative gravity gradient configuration for a range of initial conditions and system parameters. Results show the combined effect of flexibility and deployment on the dynamics of the system to be substantial. Disturbance of the appendage can excite large amplitude librations. On the other hand, the converse situation is not necessarily true. Furthermore, Coriolis loading, induced by the extending appendages, can become a limiting factor in arriving at a deployment strategy; an effect not pointed out in the literature.     

具有角动量存贮挠性飞行器大角度姿态机动的非线性控制

本文采用欧拉四元数、姿态角速度和振型模态坐标、建立了具有角动量存贮挠性飞行器姿态动力学的奇异摄动非线性模型。讨论了系统的慢流形降阶和校正控制方法,给出了非线性退化系统的全局线性化公式。文中还介绍了数字仿真实例和结果。     

万有引力场中带挠性太阳帆板航天器的姿态稳定性

本文讨论带双侧挠性太阳帆板航天器在万有引力场中的姿态运动，建立带挠性帆板航天器的欧拉方程和帆板强迫振动方程。利用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ方法对动力学方程离散化，利用Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ－Ｔａｉｔ－Ｃｈｅｔａｙｅｖ定量判断航天器在轨道坐标系内相对平衡的稳定性。导出适用于任意阶模态的解析形式稳定性充分条件。     

考虑太阳帆板振动的空间绳系拖曳动力学与控制

针对使用空间绳网捕获带有太阳帆板等柔性附件的大型失效航天器的碎片清除任务,充分考虑了拖曳过程中柔性附件产生的振动对系统的稳定造成的影响.首先采用凯恩方法建立了失效航天器绳系拖曳系统动力学模型,在建模过程中充分考虑系绳的质量和振动、帆板的振动、系统的轨道运动对姿态的影响等,使动力学模型更加详细和完整,且该动力学模型不受失...     

空间碎片软捕获姿轨控模型构建与仿真

为构建利用柔性机械臂捕获空间碎片的系统仿真模型,首先分析梳理空间碎片捕获典型任务流程,包括轨道转移、位置保持、路径规划、动量稳定控制等阶段;然后针对任务流程分别搭建基于Simu Link的路径规划、动量缓冲控制、姿态控制、动力学和轨道仿真等子系统;各个子系统之间以TCP/IP的方式进行数据交互,最终完成空间碎片软捕获任务姿轨控仿真系统的构建。     

地球同步卫星远地点变轨期间的三轴姿态稳定

本文提供了地球同步三轴稳定卫星在远地点变轨机动过程中的卫星动力学模型,其中考虑了刚体、液体晃动和帆板振动的耦合,这些模型经过实际工程验证,证明是正确的。本文还给出了控制器结构,它由PID和各种晃动滤波器及帆板挠性滤波器组成。工程设计证明,这种控制器结构可满足设计要求且简单可靠。本文还给出了系统稳定性分析结果及数字仿真结果。     

基于解耦和动态补偿的卫星控制系统设计

针对带大型挠性单翼太阳帆板和偏置动量的三轴稳定卫星,研究如何消除星内外干扰对姿态控制精度影响的卫星控制系统的设计问题。首先对星内外干扰进行了数值分析,进而阐明了在经典控制方案中干扰力矩对姿态控制精度的影响,指出经典控制在克服干扰力矩对姿态控制精度影响方面存在的不足之处。然后根据卫星的动力学特点,提出并论证了在设定角动量交换系统标称值条件下基于解耦和动态补偿的卫星控制系统的设计方案。最后深入分析了在该方案下太阳帆板挠性模态的稳定性。     

Design and implementation of the flight dynamics system for COMS satellite mission operations

The first Korean multi-mission geostationary Earth orbit satellite, Communications, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) was launched by an Ariane 5 launch vehicle in June 26, 2010. The COMS satellite has three payloads including Ka-band communications, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, and Meteorological Imager. Although the COMS spacecraft bus is based on the Astrium Eurostar 3000 series, it has only one solar array to the south panel because all of the imaging sensors are located on the north panel. In order to maintain the spacecraft attitude with 5 wheels and 7 thrusters, COMS should perform twice a day wheel off-loading thruster firing operations, which affect on the satellite orbit. COMS flight dynamics system provides the general on-station functions such as orbit determination, orbit prediction, event prediction, station-keeping maneuver planning, station-relocation maneuver planning, and fuel accounting. All orbit related functions in flight dynamics system consider the orbital perturbations due to wheel off-loading operations. There are some specific flight dynamics functions to operate the spacecraft bus such as wheel off-loading management, oscillator updating management, and on-station attitude reacquisition management. In this paper, the design and implementation of the COMS flight dynamics system is presented. An object oriented analysis and design methodology is applied to the flight dynamics system design. Programming language C# within Microsoft .NET framework is used for the implementation of COMS flight dynamics system on Windows based personal computer.     

带挠性附件的航天器系统动力学特性研究

本文研究了带挠性附件的航天器系统动力学特性。带挠性附件的航天器系统建模为刚性主体带挠性附件（挠性附件的末端带有刚性质量），根据拟坐标下的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ定理建立了主刚体姿态运动与挠性附件振动相互耦合的动力学状态方程。针对一类带挠性附件的航天器系统编制了有关计算软件，利用该软件以ＳＣＯＬＥ模型（ＳＣＯＬＥ是ＳｐａｃｅｃｒａｆｔＣｏｎｔｒｏｌＬａｂｏｒａｔｏ－ｒｙＥｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ的缩写，其系统构形可参见文献［２］［３］）为例进行动力学分析，我们得到了与ＮＡＳＡ有关报告几乎完全一样的结果。本项研究为一类带挠性附件的航天器控制系统设计提供了一种合适的动力学理论模型。     

Control of an orbiting flexible square platform in the presence of solar radiation

A mathematical model for the solar radiation forces and moments acting on a square plate (platform) in orbit is obtained by considering the plate mode shapes as combinations of free-free beam shape functions. The moment expressions for a plate of arbitrary reflectivity coefficient are obtained as a function of the solar incidence angle. It is seen that only the first three flexible modes of the plate generate a first order net moment about the center of mass, and that the solar radiation pressure does not influence the flexible modes of the plate for small amplitude vibrations. The solar radiation disturbance model is then included in the dynamic model of a square plate nominally oriented along the local vertical and having the major surface of the plate normal to the orbital plane. The roll angle of the plate is seen to increase steadily due to the solar radiation pressure whereas the pitch and yaw motions oscillate with an amplitude of approximately 0.2° for a 100 m square thin aluminum plate in synchronous orbit. To control the shape and orientation of the plate two point actuators are assumed—one whose force axis is normal to the plane of the plate, the second with a force axis in the plane of the plate. The control law and the feedback gain values are obtained based on linear quadratic Gaussian methods. Transient responses and control requirements are simulated for local vertical and horizontal orientations.     

大型空间结构的自适应控制

本文将Bar-Kana等人的模型参考自适应控制法(MRAC)用于柔性结构的自适应控制中,原方法要求系统的输入维数等于输出维数。对于柔性的大型空间结构(LSS),观测量的数目往往大于输入量的数目。本文采用组合LSS各观测点的信号,形成综合输出矢量Y_P,以满足自适应控制系统中,用较少的控制输入达到控制LSS结构中较多观测点的要求。为了克服跟踪误差,本文建议用最优返馈增益阵作为输出阵C_P,并采用LQR理论以求C_P。 本文将大型空间结构的实例简化成离散模型,进行模拟计算,计算结果说明系统有较好的跟踪特性,当LSS的柔度变化较大时,系统具有跟踪的鲁棒性。