“长空”超低空无人驾驶飞机的飞行控制系统

 本文介绍“长空”超低空无人驾驶飞机的飞行控制系统。这是我国首次将单片计算机应用到无人机的飞控系统。文中对方案选择,控制规律以及为满足超低空飞行高度精度的要求所采取的技术措施作了详细的阐述,通过试飞,鉴定、供靶,说明这一套数模混合式飞控系统的设计是完全成功的。     

民用飞机自动飞机控制系统的发展（下）

5 有关飞行控制自动化的争议 前10年内飞行控制自动化领域出现过两次较大的争论。 5.1 飞行控制自动化导致设备复杂化，是否影响了驾驶员的理解和接受能力，影响了飞行安全？或者说飞行控制自动化是否过头了？ 当时从人机接口关系上曾提出过一些正面教学的观点： (1) 自动飞行方式过多，在某些方式的自动过渡中易使驾驶员模糊或误解； (2) 某些驾驶员过分依赖自动化，造成盲目的安全感而导致意外失控； (3) 驾驶员长期依靠自动化系统而缺乏手动操纵实践，技术熟练程度逐渐下降和荒废，当出现某些意外时，将手足无措，不能操纵改出； (4) …     

Robust控制器在导弹自动驾驶仪中的应用

本文提出一种改进自动驾驶仪性能的方案。在导弹自动驾驶仪原回路的基础上增加Robust控制器,这种方案可提高驾驶仪对参数变化的Robust性能。本文详细叙述了Robust控制器结合自动驾驶仪的设计方法,并用仿真结果说明了Robust控制器在本算例中所起的作用。     

机载总线控制管理计算机系统设计与研究

以某型飞机为模型,根据航空电子系统所要完成的多种飞行任务,机载总线控制管理计算机的功能和性能,进行了机载总线控制管理计算机的系统设计,并对该系统的可行性进行实验室的综合仿真试验研究,为机载计算机软硬件的模块化和层次化设计提供了设计依据。     

Evaluation on novel architecture for harmonizing manual and automatic flight controls under atmospheric turbulence

Pilot uncertainty in aircraft response under automatic flight control has triggered aircraft accidents/incidents in the past. This uncertainty compels a pilot to disengage autopilot and switch to manual control. However, the decision to disengage autopilot and when to do it can be difficult: especially if there is not enough time to monitor the cockpit displays, for instance while countering atmospheric turbulence. Against this background, we proposed the “human as a control module” architecture for harmonizing pilot and autopilot controls. The architecture blends pilot maneuver with autopilot control instead of switching between them when simultaneous inputs are given to the aircraft. By automatically adjusting pilot and autopilot control inputs, the architecture avoids overlaps of both control authorities and helps to circumvent the effect of conflicting actions. This paper applies the architecture to the situations of past aircraft incidents which had been caused by the transfer from autopilot control to pilot maneuver after encountering atmospheric turbulence. The effectiveness of the architecture is evaluated via simulation study for the specific incident examples. Furthermore, this paper extends the architecture with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based observer and evaluates its robustness under errors in wind estimation.     

基于神经网络的导弹稳定控制回路设计方法

基于径向基函数神经网络（RBFNN）的学习能力和逼近特性，将传统方法中的局部/整体构架蕴涵于神经网络内部，对导弹稳定控制律进行局部（定点）/整体（拟合）设计，以简化计算步骤，提高设计方法的通用性和自动化程度，以防空导弹侧向稳定控制回路设计为背景，对所提出的稳定控制回路设计方法进行了仿真，验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Digital Flight Control Research Using Microprocessor Technology

The Flight Research Laboratory at Princeton University is engaged in an experimental program to investigate a variety of approaches to digital control by actual flight test. Experimentation is being conducted with Princeton's 6-DOF variableresponse research aircraft (VRA), which is equipped for direct side-force control, direct-lift control, feedback of all motion variables, and multiple-pilot command modes. VRA avionics have been augmented by a microprocessor digital flight control system (Micro-DFCS), which uses off-the-shelf computer components capable of operating in parallel or in series with the existing variable-response system. The digital control laws operate in conjunction either with the "bare airframe" dynamics of the VRA or with the dynamics of a simulated aircraft, provided by the existing variable-response system. The initial flight control computer program CAS-1 provides three longitudinal control options: direct (unaugmented) command, pitch rate command, and normal acceleration command. The latter two options are "Type 0" systems designed by linear-quadratic control theory. Future Micro-DFCS software will provide a variety of increasingly complex control options, including "Type 1," logic, gain scheduling, coupled 3-axis control, and "CCV" command modes.     

Missile autopilot design using quasi-LPV polynomial eigenstructure assignment

This paper presents the design of a missile autopilot over its flight envelop using quasi-linear parameter-varying polynomial eigenstructure assignment (PEA). The paper describes the extension of PEA to parameter-varying systems using a nonlinear missile model developed by Horton as an example. The autopilot is designed for a single-plane lateral acceleration control and a 5 degree of freedom (DOF) autopilot is also designed. Both lateral acceleration and augmented lateral acceleration outputs are considered. The lateral acceleration autopilot has nonminimum phase characteristics, and it is shown that the quasi-linear parameter-varying PEA approach can handle nonminimum phase systems unlike classic dynamic inversion techniques. Simulation results are presented over fast variations in Mach number and show that the design is robust.     

MD-11 automatic flight system

The overall architecture and redundancy of the highly integrated MD-11 automatic flight system for commercial aircraft are summarized, and the application of the flight control computer capabilities to each of the system functions is detailed. The automatic flight system interface with other primary systems and subsystems is described     

火/飞/推综合控制系统及其仿真平台研究

介绍了火/飞/推综合控制系统原理及其各个子系统的控制律设计方法。阐述了通过飞行、推进、火控等系统的综合实现自动飞行、自动攻击的原理和算法。开发了综合控制仿真设计平台,结合有效的任务管理及控制律剪裁实现了灵活的系统运行配置,将设计平台和仿真平台集为一体,并将多个系统的综合、测试、仿真在一个平台中实现。数字仿真表明,综合控制系统明显提高了飞机综合化、自动化水平,也验证了仿真平台达到了设计要求。     

基于AP10的室内飞艇控制系统研究

提出了一种室内飞艇飞行控制系统方案,详细介绍了改制方法。本方案以AP10系统为核心,采用UWB定位技术,利用自行设计的RC接收机与控制系统代替原有的RC接收系统,成功将改制后的AP10系统应用于室内飞艇上,实现了一套室内飞艇自动驾驶仪。将室内飞艇自动驾驶仪装在飞艇上进行飞行试验,结果证明：飞艇飞行能够按照预定航迹飞行,且具备了自主起降功能,达到了预期效果。     

某小型无人机编队控制器设计及试飞验证

以某小型固定翼无人机作为研究平台,按前向、侧向和垂直方向3个通道设计僚机编队控制器.利用自动驾驶仪的航路飞行模态简化侧向通道编队控制器的设计,并采用在长机航向角发生较大变化时加入基于视线方位角的方法,使僚机保持编队精度.试验结果表明,所提出的编队算法是可用的,并能够很好地控制无人机的编队飞行精度.     

飞机俯仰角位移控制系统积分式控制规律的改进及仿真

为使飞机以足够高的准确度保持在预定飞行轨迹上,飞机俯仰角位移(9)的控制性能及稳态精度至关重要.为改进飞机俯仰角位移控制系统的控制性能,运用根轨迹法对飞机俯仰角位移控制系统的积分式控制规律进行了分析和设计,为提高(9)的稳态精度,基于SISO Design Tool设计工具,对俯仰角位移控制系统的零极点进行校正配置,实...     

分布式电传飞行控制系统结构发展及分析

飞行控制作为各类航空飞行器最主要的支撑技术,经历了从阻尼器、增稳系统、控制增稳到电传技术的发展历程.新一代飞机平台的发展主流正在向综合控制体制迈进,从多个角度阐述了飞行控制系统结构发展的内在要求,并对分布式飞行控制系统结构演进的现状、发展和面临的挑战进行了系统分析.     

Robust Hybrid Control for Ballistic Missile Longitudinal Autopilot

This paper investigates the boost phase’s longitudinal autopilot of a ballistic missile equipped with thrust vector control. The existing longitudinal autopilot employs time-invariant passive resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) network compensator as a control strategy, which does not take into account the time-varying missile dynamics. This may cause the closed-loop system instability in the presence of large disturbance and dynamics uncertainty. Therefore, the existing controller should be redesigned to achieve more stable vehicle response. In this paper, based on gain-scheduling adaptive control strategy, two different types of optimal controllers are proposed. The first controller is gain-scheduled optimal tuning-proportional-integral-derivative (PID) with actuator constraints, which supplies better response but requires a priori knowledge of the system dynamics. Moreover, the controller has oscillatory response in the presence of dynamic uncertainty. Taking this into account, gain-scheduled optimal linear quadratic (LQ) in conjunction with optimal tuning-compensator offers the greatest scope for controller improvement in the presence of dynamic uncertainty and large disturbance. The latter controller is tested through various scenarios for the validated nonlinear dynamic flight model of the real ballistic missile system with autopilot exposed to external disturbances.     

Missile autopilot design via functional inversion and time-scaled transformation

This paper presents a new approach to acceleration control of STT (Skid-To-Turn) missiles. In the design and stability analysis of our autopilot, we assume perfect roll-stabilization but consider fully all other nonlinearities of the missile dynamics including the coupling effect due to bank angle. Our autopilot controller consists of a partial-linearizing controller and a dynamic compensator. The partial-linearizing controller along with a time scaled transformation can convert the nonlinear missile dynamics to the so-called normalized system which is completely independent of Mach number and almost independent of air density. The dynamic compensator is designed based on this normalized system. This normalized system greatly simplifies the design process of an autopilot controller regardless of flight conditions. Our autopilot controller can provide fast and exact set-point tracking performance but without the slow-varying conditions on angle of attack and side-slip angle required often in the prior works.     

某型飞机角位移自动驾驶仪比例式控制规律设计与仿真

现代飞机越来越复杂的飞行任务对飞机控制系统性能提出了更高要求,而飞机控制系统性能的好坏与飞机自动驾驶仪控制规律设计的优劣关系密切.为此,对某型飞机自动驾驶仪的比例式控制规律进行了分析和设计,仿真研究了控制规律中的速率反馈及位置反馈的作用和选取原则,进而设计出性能良好的飞机角位移自动驾驶仪比例式控制规律.通过大量仿真比较...     

Analysis and tuning of a ‘Total Energy Control System’ control law using eigenstructure assignment

The Total Energy Control System (TECS) is a complete airplane longitudinal dynamics flight control concept for autopilot operational control modes and Fly-By-Wire command augmentation for civil airplanes. Unlike conventional strategies, it facilitates fully integrated control of the airplane elevator and engines. This system, which is based on simple proportional and integral control of the energy states of the airplane, is much easier to design and understand than most conventional airplane controllers.This paper describes why the high visibility of the two input, two output command augmentation structure of TECS is an improvement over current flight control system architectures. Deriving a control law for TECS is currently a heuristic process. However, there is potential for tuning to be done more systematically, and this is examined by using eigenstructure analysis and assignment. To illustrate the concepts, a linear model of the longitudinal dynamics of the Aerospace Technologies Demonstrator (ATD) airplane is used. A heuristically designed TECS controller for this model is first described. The controlled airplane is then analysed using eigenstructure analysis and the results are utilised to produce an improved TECS controller for the ATD model using eigenstructure assignment.     

固定翼无人机编队集结控制算法研究

针对固定翼无人机协同作战时的编队集结问题，提出了一种新的路径规划和位置分配方法，并设计了包括航迹跟踪、高度保持和速度控制在内的自动驾驶仪。该路径规划算法通过矩阵迭代得到一组较优的目标点分配方案，满足总航程较小和同时到达约束。根据得到的各无人机飞向目标点的航迹，算出无人机编队集结的代价矩阵。在每架无人机确定了应飞航路后，开始沿航路飞向目标点，在此过程中，纵向采用高度保持自动驾驶仪，横向采用航迹跟踪自动驾驶仪，控制无人机按规定航迹飞行。速度调节自动驾驶仪可根据速度指令调节油门大小加减速，跟踪上目标速度，进而实现编队集结。仿真结果验证了所提出的编队集结控制方法的有效性和可行性。     

Letting thoughts take wing

Recent developments in neuroelectronics are applied to aviation and airplane flight control instruments. Electromyographic control has been applied to flight simulations using the autopilot interface in order to use gestures to give bank and pitch commands to the autopilot. In other demonstrations, direct rate control was used to perform repeated successful landings and the damage-adaptive capability of inner-loop neural and propulsion-based controls was utilized.