Study on Satellite-to-ground Laser Communications with Existence of Atmosphere

The laser beam used to establish a communication channel between satellite and ground segments has a small divergence angle and a tiny spot on the Earth’s surface, which may lead to the fail of the system. So it’s important to study the deflection of laser beam by the Earth’s atmosphere and find a way to calibrate this error. Both theoretical analysis and real data processing method are used to obtain the mathematical model for divergence angle of laser communication beam and its correction function. Then the model has been applied to the data, which was used to describe the atmosphere state by traditional ground segments to obtain the critical elevation angle. According to the results of calculation, our conclusion will be that the correction should be done when the critical elevation happens.      

激光脉冲法测量热物性的分析与改进

激光脉冲法广泛用于测量固体材料的热扩散率、比热容和热导率。但由于测量原理中关于没有热损失、瞬时脉冲加热等假设与实验条件不完全相符,致使测量结果会有显著的系统误差。着重对于有热损失、加热时间有限(非冲激式)及探测器响应时间等的影响进行了分析,并建立了相应的数据处理方法。通过对纯铁、不锈钢、氧化铝的实验检验,证明测量误差大幅度下降,达到了满意的结果。     

振动与冲击传感器的温度响应校准

振动与冲击传感器的灵敏度(校准系数)、阻尼比和谐振频率均为温度的函数。灵敏度随温度变化的特性称之为温度响应。从分析目前传感器温度响应测试方法存在的问题入手,着重介绍了将激光测振应用于温响校准的实施方法、原理和校准装置的技术性能。     

结构光三维视觉技术的进展

综述了结构光三维视觉的方法和现状。提出具有较快测量速度的激光扫描空间编码原理的结构光三维视觉方法,介绍其原理并给出其数学模型。     

热电偶响应对激光脉冲法测量热扩散率的影响

用激光脉冲法测量热扩散率时，作为感温元件的热电偶总有一定的响应时间。试样达到最大温升的时间比较短时，热电偶响应时间所带来的测量误差就不能忽略不计。将热电偶处理为一阶测量环节，导出了考虑热电偶响应时间的试样背面温升表达式和修正关系曲线，并据此对实验结果进行修正。结果表明：经修正后的结果和文献［１］中提供的数据相吻合。     

冷镜式露点仪测量精度影响因素分析

介绍了冷镜式露点仪的原理,分析了露点仪测量中的影响因素,针对开尔文效应推导了开尔文方程,通过计算的方法,验证了开尔文效应的影响大小。此外,还分析了乌拉尔效应和过冷水形成过程及原理,并提出了减小这些影响的措施和方法。     

宽频带中频相位计的研制

比较全面地介绍了-宽带中频相位计的研制过程。论述了相位计的工作原理,给出了系统框图。对各个部件的设计做了介绍,并给出了相位计所达到的技术指标。还介绍了系统测试方法和检定方法,对系统的误差做了分析,并给出了理论计算误差与实测误差的对应关系,提出了今后的进一步设想。     

高可靠性航空电子设备热分析中的有限体积法

阐述了热对系统可靠性的影响,对比了数值法求解温度场分布的优缺点.针对航空电子设备热分析中同时要求满足高的分析精度和快的计算速度的问题,提出用有限体积法求解温度场分布的计算方法.根据典型航空电子设备的结构特点,建立了温度场的数学模型,给出了边界条件.在此基础上,用有限体积法对待求解方程离散化,给出了离散化过程中网格划分及边界的处理方法.结合实例进行了温度场求解,计算结果与热测量结果进行了对比,得到了较高的分析精度,验证了方法的有效性.最后对计算误差进行了分析,并提出了进一步热设计的合理化建议.      

计算机电磁泄漏测试及防护措施

论述了计算机电磁泄漏的危害及测试的意义,介绍了测试系统的组成,对某国产微型计算机进行了测试,并对其测试数据进行了分析,提出了行之有效的防护措施。     

未来20年的太阳系探索（上）

1引言 1959年1月2日,苏联发射了月球-1月球探测器,月球-1成功飞到月球附近,开创了人类太阳系探索的新纪元。到目前为止,人类已经实现了飞越、环绕、着陆（包括硬着陆、软着陆与巡视车）、取样返回和载人探测（只在月球上实现了）等多种探测方式。50年的太阳系探索取得了许多突破性的成果,极大地加深了人类对太阳系的认识,同时也推动了空间技术的发展。现在,探索太阳系已经不是少数几个国家的行为,越来越多的国家和地区具有了独立探索太阳系的经济和技术基础,并制定了未来的探索计划。     

Pulsed laser interactions with space debris: Target shape effects

Among the approaches to the proposed mitigation and remediation of the space debris problem is the de-orbiting of objects in low Earth orbit through irradiation by ground-based high-intensity pulsed lasers. Laser ablation of a thin surface layer causes target recoil, resulting in the depletion of orbital angular momentum and accelerated atmospheric re-entry. However, both the magnitude and direction of the recoil are shape dependent, a feature of the laser-based remediation concept that has received little attention. Since the development of a predictive capability is desirable, we have investigated the dynamical response to ablation of objects comprising a variety of shapes. We derive and demonstrate a simple analytical technique for calculating the ablation-driven transfer of linear momentum, emphasizing cases for which the recoil is not exclusively parallel to the incident beam. For the purposes of comparison and contrast, we examine one case of momentum transfer in the low-intensity regime, where photon pressure is the dominant momentum transfer mechanism, showing that shape and orientation effects influence the target response in a similar, but not identical, manner. We address the related problem of target spin and, by way of a few simple examples, show how ablation can alter the spin state of a target, which often has a pronounced effect on the recoil dynamics.     

Time Transfer by Laser Link: Data analysis and validation to the ps level

The Time Transfer by Laser Link (T2L2) is a very high resolution time transfer technique based on the recording of arrival times of laser pulses at the satellite. T2L2 was designed to achieve time stability in the range of 1 ps over 1000 s and an accuracy better than 100 ps. The project is in operation onboard the Jason-2 satellite since June 2008. The principle is based on the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technology; it uses the input of 20–25 SLR stations of the international laser network which participate in the tracking. This paper focuses on the data reduction process which was developed specifically to transform the raw information given by both space instrument and ground network: first to identify the triplets (ground and onboard epochs and time of flight of the laser pulse), second to estimate a usable product in terms of ground-to-space time transfer (including instrumental corrections), and thirdly to produce synchronization between any pair of remote ground clocks. In describing the validation of time synchronizations, the paper opens a way for monitoring the time difference between ultra-stable clocks thanks to a laser link at a few ps level for Common View passes. It highlights however that without accurately characterizing the onboard oscillator of Jason-2 and knowing the unavailability of time calibrations of SLR stations generally, time transfer over intercontinental distances remain difficult to be accurately estimated.     

调频激光雷达空间测量技术探讨

论述了调频激光雷达测量原理及测量系统的硬件组成和软件实现方法,并给出了相应的实验数据和准确度分析。     

纳米测量方法及其研究进展综述

综述了纳米测量方法,主要可归纳为光学和非光学两大类测量技术。通过对各种方法的测量原理、测量装置、测量准确度及其亟待解决问题的分析,阐明了纳米测量技术的发展现状、发展趋势,对纳米测量技术的发展具有一定的推动和指导作用。     

Laser measurements to space debris from Graz SLR station

In order to test laser ranging possibilities to space debris objects, the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) Station Graz installed a frequency doubled Nd:YAG pulse laser with a 1 kHz repetition rate, a pulse width of 10 ns, and a pulse energy of 25 mJ at 532 nm (on loan from German Aerospace Center Stuttgart – DLR). We developed and built low-noise single-photon detection units to enable laser ranging to targets with inaccurate orbit predictions, and adapted our standard SLR software to include a few hundred space debris targets. With this configuration, we successfully tracked – within 13 early-evening sessions of each about 1.5 h – 85 passes of 43 different space debris targets, in distances between 600 km and up to more than 2500 km, with radar cross sections from >15 m² down to <0.3 m², and measured their distances with an average precision of about 0.7 m RMS.     

三轴相交度的一种测量方法

介绍一种通过激光跟踪仪测量三轴转台三轴相交度的测量方法。该测量方法是利用激光跟踪仪测量出转台内、中、外框上两固定点（靶镜座位置）绕其回转轴线运动时一些位置点的空间坐标,拟合这些点从而构造出两个圆及其圆心,再由两个圆心构造出一条回转轴线。这样,将三轴转台的三条回转轴线构造出来以后就可计算出三条回转轴线两两之间的距离,根据三条回转轴线两两之间的距离就能求出三轴转台的三轴相交度。     

激光多普勒测速误差分析

分析了实测中二维四光束双色激光多普勒测速系统测量误差的来源,给出了不确定度的合成方法。     

激光微推力器的控制系统设计

针对微小卫星、钠卫星编队飞行时的姿态和轨道控制要求,提出星载微推力器的概念,而激光微推力器在众多的微推力器中以能产生10^-7N·s-10^-4N·s的最小冲量受到了国内外研究学者的关注。激光微推力器系统包括五个分系统,通过采用软件芯片DSP驱动步进电机的控制策略对控制分系统进行设计,实验结果表明可以取得较高的控制准确度。     

振动台动态角的测试方法研究

振动台在高频振动过程中难免会产生空间的小角度运动,这种角运动在振动试验中是非预期的,应尽量减小。利用激光干涉原理,运用双频激光干涉仪及角度测量组件测量了振动台振动频率达2 000Hz时方位、俯仰、横滚三个方向的实时角度、角速率。通过对测量数据的分析可知环境的振动对测量准确度影响较大,为进一步完善该测试方法指明了研究方向。     

Design of a formation of solar pumped lasers for asteroid deflection

This paper presents the design of a multi-spacecraft system for the deflection of asteroids. Each spacecraft is equipped with a fibre laser and a solar concentrator. The laser induces the sublimation of a portion of the surface of the asteroid, and the resultant jet of gas and debris thrusts the asteroid off its natural course. The main idea is to have a formation of spacecraft flying in the proximity of the asteroid with all the spacecraft beaming to the same location to achieve the required deflection thrust. The paper presents the design of the formation orbits and the multi-objective optimisation of the formation in order to minimise the total mass in space and maximise the deflection of the asteroid. The paper demonstrates how significant deflections can be obtained with relatively small sized, easy-to-control spacecraft.