动力舱冷却用排气引射混合管改进设计方法

对直升机动力舱冷却用的排气引射混合管的设计方法进行了研究,基于引射器特性方程和对引射特性影响因素的分析,参考某型直升机发动机排气系统,提出了针对直升机动力舱冷却用的排气引射混合管设计的改进方法——修正系数法.应用该方法,针对某型发动机动力舱冷却用排气引射混合管进行了设计,并与实验结果进行了对比,结果表明,该方法可以使设计效率提高30%,设计精度保持在5%以内,满足工程设计要求,具有工程应用价值.      

直升机总体设计思路和方法发展分析

直升机总体设计对于型号研制成功与否有着极为重要的影响。随着直升机相关学科以及信息化技术的发展,直升机总体设计亦从传统的原准机设计法、参数统计法等发展到现代的多学科设计优化法。特别是系统工程和并行工程思想以及现代项目管理理念在航空产品研制中的应用,对直升机的总体设计思想产生了重大影响,推动着直升机总体设计向智能化、综合化和系统化方向发展。首先,简要回顾了直升机总体设计技术的发展历程,介绍了传统设计方法和现代设计方法在型号中的应用及其相互之间的差异;然后,重点分析了系统工程和并行工程思想、现代项目管理理念、直升机新构型以及数字化技术对直升机总体设计思想和方法的影响;最后,展望了直升机总体设计方法的未来发展趋势。     

卫星通信设备抗直升机旋翼遮挡技术测试验证方法研究

抗旋翼遮挡技术是直升机载卫星通信设备的核心技术.根据直升机载卫星通信系统旋翼遮挡的特点,分析研究了直升机无遮挡通信时间比率与直升机航向和卫星波束入射角的关系,以此分析设计了试飞方案.发现了抗旋翼遮挡技术的重大设计缺陷,并通过试飞中的测试数据对抗旋翼遮挡算法进行了优化改进,有效实现了抗旋翼遮挡技术的有效性验证,达到直升机载卫星通信设备定型试飞的目的,为后续该类型设备的试飞奠定了扎实的理论与实践基础,具有较高的工程应用价值.     

直升机飞行仿真技术的应用

飞行仿真技术在近几年取得了突飞猛进的发展,直升机飞行品质模拟器主要用于研究直升机的飞行品质。满足飞行品质要求是直升机型号研制任务中主要的设计目标之一,直升机特有的近地和低速等飞行特征和独特的飞行方式给直升机飞行仿真技术研究带来了新的挑战。本文描述了国内第一台直升机工程模拟器系统特点及其在工程中的应用。     

直升机工程模拟器研究与应用

飞行仿真技术被广泛用于飞行器的方案论证、设计分析、试验评估、维护和训练。飞行模拟器是典型的人在回路实时仿真系统,工程模拟器是用于工程研究的飞行模拟器。本文叙述了直升机飞行仿真技术的发展概况,介绍了直升机工程模拟器研制、应用情况及关键技术。     

直升机结构设计的三维虚拟装配技术应用分析

虚拟现实技术通常被认为是三维计算机图形学在先进的输入和输出设备支持下的一种自然延生和增强。这项技术最近已发展成熟足以可保证应用于实际工程中。这项新技术和工程、设计及制造的软件系统的集成将对计算机辅助工程领域起着新的推动作用。深受虚拟现实技术影响的设计和制造领域中的一个重要方面就是装配设计。本文着重介绍此项技术概念以及如何运用到直升机结构装配设计中,及如何产生一个虚拟装配设计环境。     

新构型倾转旋翼无人机飞行力学建模

倾转旋翼无人机飞行力学模型是设计飞行控制律和分析飞行特性的基础。从一款在研的新构型倾转旋翼无人机工程实际出发,建立该无人机非线性飞行力学模型;分析新构型倾转旋翼机相比常规倾转旋翼机的特点和优势,建立直升机模式、倾转过渡模式和固定翼模式下各部件飞行力学模型;并针对直升机模式,对不同飞行速度进行配平及稳定性分析。结果表明:该构型倾转旋翼无人机直升机模式横航向模态具有很好的稳定性,直升机模式悬停状态横纵向模态基本没有耦合。     

Design and experimental characterization of modern helicopters rotor brakes

The demands on helicopter rotor brakes are given by laws and airworthiness regulations. The systems are designed and certified according to airworthiness demands such as JAR 27/29 and FAR 27/29. The present paper presents the rotor brake systems of commercial and military helicopters. The rotor brake systems include brake discs made out of steel and brake callipers with two-side-activating pistons. The actuation is performed by independent hydraulic systems. Together with the development of the different helicopter types an evolution of the brake systems took place. An example for this evolution is the indication of the brake control system on a state-of-the art commercial helicopter. Every occurring brake effort between brake disc and brake pads is indicated by the motion of the brake calliper against a micro switch. An example of a brake system which includes a brake disc made out of carbon fiber reinforced carbon material is presented. The disc is mounted with the possibility of sliding in axial direction. The hydraulic actuation is included in the main pressure supply system of the helicopter. Difficulties may occur by inhomogeneous heating of the brake discs. The analysis of the short and long duration tests on test benches and by helicopter flight tests revealed the detailed behavior especially of the thermal spots. The non-uniform heat dissipation caused hot spots and in some cases cracks. With the gained knowledge of the physical behavior, the brake disc was redesigned with success.The goal of the paper is to show the specific demands of helicopter rotor brakes, the designs for different helicopter types as well as the realization of the solutions and system tests.     

基于六西格玛设计及改进遗传算法的直升机优化设计

本文研究了六西格玛设计方法和改进的遗传算法,并应用该设计方法对直升机总体参数进行了优化设计。采用优化设计后获得的直升机设计方案,由于受许多不确定性因素的影响,最后付诸实现时并不能保证得到像预先优化设计方案那样的结果。在改进的遗传算法实现最优化设计的同时进行六西格玛设计,可提高优化设计结果的可靠性和鲁棒性。本文以CH-47D纵列式直升机为优化算例,优化效果良好,结果可靠,表明本文方法切实可行。     

直8型机动部件疲劳定寿

直8型机动部部件结构形式特殊,关键部位众多,主要承受高频率、低幅值的高周振动疲劳载荷,属高周疲劳结构,是直升机疲劳定寿的主体,与定翼机的疲劳定寿有很大差别。本文全面叙述直8型机动部件定寿中采用的所有工程技术关键,重点介绍了全尺寸结构的S-N曲线确定方法和实测载荷谱的编制技术。     

Developing an engineering-statistical model for estimating aerodynamic coeffcients of helicopter fuselage

The design of the geometric shape of a helicopter fuselage poses a serious challenge for designers. The most important parameter in determining the shape of the helicopter fuselage is its aerodynamic coefficients. These coefficients are determined using two methods:wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The first method is expensive, time-consuming and limited. In addition, estimates in regions away from data can be poor. The second method, due to the limitations of numerical solution, the number of nodes and the used solution, is often inaccurate. In this paper, with the aim of accelerating the design process and achieving results with reasonable engineering accuracy, an engineering-statistical model which is useful for estimating the aerodynamic coefficients was developed, which mitigated the drawbacks of these two methods. First, by combining CFD simulation and regression techniques, an engineering model was pre-sented for the estimation of aerodynamic coefficients. Then, by using the data from a wind tunnel test and implementation of statistical adjustment, the engineering model was modified and an engineering-statistical model was obtained. By spending less time and cost, the final model provided the aerodynamic coefficients of a helicopter fuselage at the desired angles of attack with reasonable accuracy. Finally, three numerical examples were provided to illustrate the application of the pro-posed model. Comparative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the engineering-statistical model in estimating the aerodynamic coefficients of a helicopter fuselage.     

Developing an engineering-statistical model for estimating aerodynamic coefficients of helicopter fuselage

The design of the geometric shape of a helicopter fuselage poses a serious challenge for designers. The most important parameter in determining the shape of the helicopter fuselage is its aerodynamic coefficients. These coefficients are determined using two methods: wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation. The first method is expensive, time-consuming and limited. In addition, estimates in regions away from data can be poor. The second method,due to the limitations of numerical solution, the number of nodes and the used solution, is often inaccurate. In this paper, with the aim of accelerating the design process and achieving results with reasonable engineering accuracy, an engineering-statistical model which is useful for estimating the aerodynamic coefficients was developed, which mitigated the drawbacks of these two methods.First, by combining CFD simulation and regression techniques, an engineering model was presented for the estimation of aerodynamic coefficients. Then, by using the data from a wind tunnel test and implementation of statistical adjustment, the engineering model was modified and an engineering-statistical model was obtained. By spending less time and cost, the final model provided the aerodynamic coefficients of a helicopter fuselage at the desired angles of attack with reasonable accuracy. Finally, three numerical examples were provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model. Comparative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the engineering-statistical model in estimating the aerodynamic coefficients of a helicopter fuselage.     

直升机旋翼桨叶动态RCS特性研究

从时域和频域两方面,对直升机动态旋翼的RCS特征进行了较全面研究,即不仅考虑旋翼的旋转运动,而且还考虑桨叶的变距、挥舞和桨盘倾斜等引起RCS的动态效应。以NACA0012为翼型的直平翼作为直升机旋翼桨叶,建立旋翼桨叶的几何模型,采用物理光学和等效电磁流法,计算各种运动情况下旋翼RCS的时域曲线,然后,用准静态法计算一个周期内的平均多普勒频谱,最后,对连续的瞬时频谱进行时间-频谱分析,得到一些重要研究结果。     

国外直升机发动机监视系统

本文介绍了国外直升机发动机监视目的、内容、通过对已有发动机监视系统的统计分析,得到了典型发动机监视系统应该具备的目标、组成、功能和记录参数,这对发动机监视系统的设计具有重要指导意义。     

直升机关键件疲劳设计探讨

本文结合工程实例对直升机关键件疲劳设计和试验验证中的几个问题进行了探讨和分析。提出了几个观点:对承受高周疲劳载荷为主的直升机关键件,宜采用疲劳极限和疲劳寿命共同作为疲劳设计目标参数;疲劳寿命对疲劳极限、载荷谱相当敏感的T-、A-等破坏模式的疲劳设计应采用无限寿命设计方法;多疲劳源、多破坏模式复杂结构疲劳设计时须给予额外设计裕度;多疲劳源、多破坏模式复杂结构疲劳试验须充分利用试件同时考核多个危险部位,获得各危险部位准确的疲劳性能。     

直升机产品信息全生命周期管理与集成技术研究

直升机产品研制随着信息技术的发展得到了进一步规范和固化,数字化手段对产品研制数据进行自顶向下有效地管控,同时自底向上高效地反馈。在系统工程及并行工程思想的影响下,结合元模型建模理论,对直升机产品全生命周期研制流程及管理体系进行梳理,阐述了直升机产品全生命周期管理业务逻辑结构和集成技术架构,并分析了全生命周期管理系统集成技术,为直升机产品全生命周期管理与集成提出了一种有效的解决方法。     

波瓣喷管红外抑制器装机状态引射性能分析

基于Fluent软件,针对波瓣喷管红外抑制器的不同装机方案,进行了其内部和动力舱全流场的数值模拟.通过数值模拟计算方法对比分析了波瓣喷管红外抑制器几种装机方案的引射性能,为工程上实施红外抑制器装机提供了一定的设计依据.     

直升机红外抑制器的数值仿真

利用 FLUENT 软件对一种直升机红外抑制器进行数值计算,并与实验测量值对比,计算值与实验测值基本相吻合,说明利用 FLUENT 软件对直升机红外抑制器数值仿真是可行得。这为进一步研究及工程设计提供有效的手段。     

直升机模拟器鉴定标准的分析

重点介绍了美国AC 120-63直升机模拟器鉴定标准的演变过程.通过现行标准与过去直升机模拟器标准（草稿）的一些对比,阐述了现行直升机模拟器标准的一些特点及今后模拟器标准的发展趋势,并对所要求的标准、试验项目、等级划分、容差以及注意事项等方面的问题进行了对比和分析.所讨论的内容涉及直升机模拟器鉴定标准的各个方面,包括视景系统、运动系统、数据及其他要求,可为国内直升机模拟器的研制以及相应规范的制定提供参考.     

直升机驾驶舱人机功效设计

直升机驾驶舱人机功效的设计主要是指有人驾驶的直升机。人机功效的设计成功与否直接影响到直升机的使用效能、驾乘安全性、可操纵性和可维修性。人机功效涉及面很广,在设计应用上它对整机及各个系统都有相关的技术要求,因此人机功效设计是一个多学科、集成的综合应用技术。本文重点就直升机驾驶舱的人机功效设计做如下探讨。